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When taking off, maximum lift is required at the relatively low take off speed. At take off the wings are at their maximum size. After the plane reaches near cruising speed, the increased air velocity itself increases lift and thus less wing area is required for the equivalent lift. so at this point the wings are retracted to minimise drag and make for a more efficient flight.
Ailerons are panels near the tip of the wing that move up and down, causing lift to increase (when they go down) or decrease (when they go up), allowing the pilot to roll the airplane to a desired bank angle or return from a bank to wings level. Spoilers are panels on the top of the wing that reduce lift.
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