Akkadian vs. Old Aramaic - A Comparison of Semitic Languages Using the Tell Fekheriyeh Inscription

[@dalestaley5637]

It's very enjoyable to see the likenesses of these two languages. Thank you.

[@ahmedsuliman6640]

aramaic is very similar to arabic, really enjoyed the video

[@IOSPBITBRNO]

We are all speaking one language that has branched out into dialects known as Aramaic, Arabic, Hebrew, Amharic, etc.. They were all in relation to Akkadian. They were the first empire, the first to influence. We then gave to others what Akkadians had given to us.

[@johnsmith-ir1ne]

Sumerian came earlier

[@IOSPBITBRNO]

@@johnsmith-ir1ne Sumerian came earlier yes, but Sumerian was not a Semitic language or people. Akkadian is the first documented Semetic language.

[@vivliforia2262]

Aramaic: leshan Hebrew: lashon Arabic: lisan English: tongue/language

[@stubronstein9932]

When you read the last sentence I thought you would translate the last word as merciful instead of compassionate. Fascinating how much of that I understood, particularly the Aramaic. Thanks for taking the time to post these insightful fvideos.

[@royalcreations3970]

Very cool comparison. Great hearing the two side by side.

[@Amadeu.Macedo]

Thanks for this upload. I wish I were younger so that I could formally consider learning Akkadian (the Assyrian version thereof).

[@minabxo]

As an Assyrian I thank you for your work professor

[@mordechaistein]

I enjoyed this a lot and especially appreciated recognizing words in both languages similar to the Aramaic words I am familiar with from the Talmud, Targum and Aramaic prayers in the siddur, as well as the Hebrew which often shares word roots, such as the word for heaven. This really hits home to me how ancient my own traditions are even though they seem so contemporary and normal having been exposed to them since high school.

[@ProfessorMichaelWingert]

That's awesome Mordechai! Thank you for sharing. I'd like to find a way to incorporate more traditional Jewish Aramaic prayers into the channel.

[@Adara007]

This was fascinating and brought back memories of halcyon days at Uni. A long time ago now for my undegrad degree I understook a double major with one of those being Classical Hebrew which included Aramaic. We also studied Akkadian but only in our third year and unfortunately most of the texts the lecturer chose to use were lists of produce with one exception being Senacherib boasting, from memory, about shutting King Hezekiah up in Jerusalem "like a bird in a cage". It's interesting seeing the similarities between Aramaic and Akkadian in your video. I think I would have enjoyed Akkadian more at Uni had we been given more interesting texts to translate from!

[@Maximiliano896]

This video is so fascinating!

[@eronoera1857]

this is what I've been waiting for

[@birdbill888]

You and I both!!

[@Sanharib]

me too, so cool

[@skipalidon]

I just subscribed! Today I consider this my lucky day to have come across your channel.

[@hereisdiana]

Very interesting! Some words I could understand knowing a little standard arabic. Thank you

[@brianphillips1864]

Very cool Prof. Many thanks.

[@н.джед.т]

Fascinating comparison, thank you

[@aphremdanha5158]

I find akkadian fascinating. Seeing them side by side also highlights the similarities. Maybe a video on Babylonian vs Assyrian Akkadian someday. Tawdi Sagi for the video.

[@makdayohannes]

I like these videos, especially when i recognize alot of words. My mother tounge is Ge’ez and tigrinya .

[@Yallah-2023]

Ge'ez?

[@makdayohannes]

Ge’ez and tigrinya.

[@makdayohannes]

@@Yallah-2023 Ge’ez and tigrinya

[@Yallah-2023]

@@makdayohannes ብኸመይ

[@adamyitzhak9907]

Lovely! As a Hebrew speaker with some family who speaks Aramaic, i recognized most of the words

[@ProfessorMichaelWingert]

Awesome! Last year I did a video on Hebrew and Akkadian the you may enjoy. Toda raba!

[@Der.Eibershter.Iz.Git.]

Never heard Akkadian before and never knew how similar it was to Aramaic and even Hebrew! The writing system is so different so I thought the language was too 😅. Also in the Aramaic it seemed to me that “mt” is a place like the word מתא (matta) in Aramaic

[@bl8757]

Really cool! Im a second language learner of modern hebrew and MSA (my hebrew is much better thsn my arabic) I wasnt surprised that the aramaic was mosty easier to follow but i WAS shocked the few times i found the akkadian easier

[@sofianrosu]

Excellent content.

[@ProfessorMichaelWingert]

Much appreciated! Thank you.

[@husambotros3958]

Great video Sir we don't see many like this one on the internet unfortunately.. i have a question if you could kindly answer it.. why did Assyrians decide to use Aramaic as a second language or it appears it was the case arround 600 BC? Was because it was Alphabetical and easier to write with.

[@jsphfalcon]

being a pictogram, cuneiform still holds some meaning in itself. for example, the word ghost has part of Ishtar's name. this means that a ghost was seen as holding part of the goddess

[@katathoombs]

Nice! But am I missing something in the first word of Aram. row 4 - is there a _lamed_ missing from the text or am I just hearing wrong? -- My first presentation in my current degree had this piece of material culture in it as a first example of four on the ANE _Lingua Franca_ changing from Akkadian to Aramaic. Not to toot my own horn or anything, I just grew quite fond of this statue back then :D

[@hglundahl]

Google is well named, then. Controls how much information flows.

[@HacolHavel]

Thank you sir.

[@Thebestman-f1j]

Are there any dialects that are a mic of both Aramaic and Akkadian? Also I am curious if Chaldean is a another semetic because they are an ancient ethnic group that migrated from Arabia to Iraq.

[@paulshajosephjr]

Chaldeans are Cathoilic Assyrians. The schizm occurred in the 1500's.

[@FragmentsOfTheServices]

Hello many love Brasil I loev Akkadian brothers 💪

[@stellank450]

Thank you. Interesting. rhn is almost the same as the Arabic rahman rahim in the first Surah.

[@martinomasolo8833]

Thats so interesting!! A book on old aramaic?

[@emmanuelalbazi8560]

Finally😃😁 thanks a lot. Quick note: although old aramaic only had 22 letters but it knew the whole inventory of proto-semitic consonants (29 sounds). For example the word earth although it is written with qoph "arq" but it is spelled like "artɬʼ". With this sound (tɬʼ) represent the letter qoph. Other example is the word for wool is "qmr" but it was probably pronounced "tɬʼamr". Later this sound (tɬʼ) changed and spelled like (ġ) and later became written and spelled like ain (ܥ). The summary is: (artɬʼ->arġ->ar'a)

[@mznxbcv12345]

Nonsense, they mumbled everything. Pidgin Arabic in essence.

[@emmanuelalbazi8560]

⁠@@mznxbcv12345 They did not meant to change and simplify the language directly. Languages evolve over time even arabic today will look quite deferent if you compare it with arabic in 1 AD. And finally aramaic and arabic languages although they look similar in many ways but they are still different in many aspects. it is a whole complicated topic and one can not just simply say " aramaic is a pidgin of arabic" this is the nonsense actually because there are words in aramaic goes back to proto-semitic but does not exist or left no trace in arabic which very strange. For example there are many words for the word "lion" in arabic (i guess more than 200 different words) and i will mention some اسد، الليث، الحيدر... Arabic has too many words for lion but it lacks the original word which is preserved in aramaic, akkadian,ugaratic, hebrew, and the ethiopian languages like ge'ez and the word is in aramaic "'aryeya" which is derived from the proto-semitic "araway" itself derived from proto-afroasiatic language "rvw" meaning wild beast.

[@mznxbcv12345]

As a matter of fact, all of the knowledge needed for deciphering ancient texts and their complexity was derived from the Qur'an. It was by analyzing the syntactic structure of the Qur'an that the Arabic root system was developed. This system was first attested to in Kitab Al-Ayin, the first intralanguage dictionary of its kind, which preceded the Oxford English dictionary by 800 years. It was through this development that the concept of Arabic roots was established and later co-opted into the term 'semitic root,' allowing the decipherment of ancient scripts. In essence, they quite literally copied and pasted the entirety of the Arabic root. Hebrew had been dead, as well as all the other dialects of Arabic, until being 'revived' in a Frankensteinian fashion in the 18th and 19th centuries. Languages degrade, they do not "evolve". It is a tool for thinking, not communication, it is what seperates other lifeforms from humans. The mere fact that translation is even possible underlies a common origin for all languages, orca whales seperated from their birth pod are unable to communicate with other whales if they get adopted, they are only able to track the others visually. The entire region spoke basically the same language, with mumbled dialect continuums spread about, and Arabic is the oldest form from which all these dialects branched off. As time passed, the language gradually became more degenerate; |Classical Arabic | 28 consonants, 29 with Hamza and 6 vowels; some consonants are emphatic or pharyngealized; some vowels are marked with diacritics | Complex system of word formation based on roots and patterns; roots are sequences of consonants that carry the basic meaning of a word; patterns are sequences of vowels and affixes that modify the meaning and function of a word | Flexible word order, but VSO is most common; SVO is also possible; subject and object are marked by case endings (-u for nominative, -a for accusative, -i for genitive); verb agrees with subject in person, number, and gender; verb has different forms for different moods and aspects | | Akkadian | 22 consonants and 3 vowels; some consonants are glottalized or palatalized; vowels are not marked | Similar system, but with different roots and patterns; some roots have more than three consonants; some patterns have infixes or reduplication | Fixed word order of SVO; subject and object are not marked by case endings, but by prepositions or word order; verb agrees with subject in person, number, and gender; verb has different forms for different tenses and aspects | | Aramaic | 22 consonants and 3 vowels (later variants have more); no emphatic or pharyngealized consonants (except in some dialects); vowels are not marked (except in later variants such as Syriac) | Simple system of word formation based on prefixes and suffixes; some roots or patterns exist, but are less productive than in Arabic or Akkadian | "Semitic" is just mumbled Arabic, really. Imagine English with a third of its letters removed and simplified grammar. That's Aramaic, Hebrew, etc. For example, combine T and D into just T; there's no need to have 2 letters. The same goes for i, e, y - they should all be just y from now on, etc., etc. Arabic is the only corollary to proto-Semitic. In fact, the whole classification of Semitic languages is nonsensical for anyone with a somewhat functioning brain. Hebrew, Aramaic, and the rest of these made-up dialect continua only have 22 letters out of the 29 proto-Semitic letters. Arabic has all 29. The difference between Arabic and the other creoles and Pidgin is the same as the difference between Latin and pig Latin or Italian. "Phoenician" is an Arabic dialect continuum, and not only that, it is pidgin. It is simplified to the point of stupidity. Anyone with a basic knowledge of Arabic would see this clearly. What happened was that Arabic handicapped "scholars" saw the equivalent of Scottish Twitter spelling, with added mumbling due to phonemic mergers (22 letters, not 29), and mistakenly thought they were seeing a different language." Let's start with a simple sentence: ## The house is big Arabic: البيتُ كبيرٌ al-bayt-u kabīr-un Proto-Semitic: *ʔal-bayt-u kabīr-u Hebrew: הבית גדול ha-bayit gadol Akkadian: bītum rabûm Amharic: ቤቱ ገደሉ betu gedelu As can be seen, Arabic and Proto-Semitic have the same word order (noun-adjective), the same definite article (al-), and the same case endings (-u for nominative). Hebrew and Akkadian have lost the case endings and changed the definite article (ha- and -um respectively). Amharic has changed the word order (adjective-noun) and the definite article (u-). But Arabic is not only similar to Proto-Semitic, it is also pre-Semitic, meaning that it is the original form of Semitic before it split into different branches. This is because Arabic preserves many features that are not found in any other Semitic language, but are found in other Afro-Asiatic languages, such as Egyptian and Berber. These features include: - The definite article al-, which is derived from the demonstrative pronoun *ʔal- 'that'. This article is unique to Arabic among Semitic languages, but it is similar to the article n- in Berber and the article p-, t-, n- in Egyptian. - The dual number for nouns and verbs, which is marked by the suffix -ān or -ayn. This number is rare in other Semitic languages, but it is common in other Afro-Asiatic languages, such as Egyptian and Berber. - The imperfective prefix t- for verbs, which indicates the second person singular feminine or third person plural feminine. This prefix is unique to Arabic among Semitic languages, but it is similar to the prefix t- in Berber and Egyptian. - The passive voice for verbs, which is marked by the infix t between the first and second root consonants. This voice is unique to Arabic among Semitic languages, but it is similar to the passive voice in Egyptian and Berber. Finally, a more complex sentence: The letter was written with a pen. Arabic: كُتِبَتِ الرِّسَالَةُ بِالقَلَمِ kutiba-t al-risāla-t-u bi-l-qalam-i Proto-Semitic: *kutiba-t ʔal-risāla-t-u bi-l-qalam-i Hebrew: המכתב נכתב בעט ha-michtav niktav ba-et Akkadian: šipram šapāru bēlum Egyptian: sḏm.n.f p-ẖry m rnp.t Berber: tturra-t tibratin s uccen Here, Arabic and Proto-Semitic have the same word order (verb-subject-object), the same passive voice marker (-t-), the same definite article (al-), and the same preposition (bi-). Hebrew has changed the word order (subject-verb-object), lost the passive voice marker, changed the definite article (ha-) and the preposition (ba-). Akkadian has changed the word order (object-subject-verb), lost the passive voice marker, changed the definite article (-um) and the preposition (bēlum). Classical Arabic has largest phonemic inventories among semitic languages. It has 28 consonants (29 with Hamza) and 6 vowels (3 short and 3 long). Some of these sounds are rare or absent in other semitic languages. For example, - Classical Arabic has two pharyngeal consonants /ʕ/ (ع) and /ħ/ (ح). These sounds are found only in some semitic languages (Hebrew and Amharic), but not in others (Akkadian and Aramaic). - Classical Arabic has two emphatic consonants /sˤ/ (ص) and /dˤ/ (ض) These sounds are found only in some semitic languages (Hebrew and Amharic), but not in others (Akkadian and Aramaic). - Classical Arabic has two glottal consonants /ʔ/ (ء) and /h/ (ه), which are produced by opening and closing the glottis ). Akkadian has lost the glottal stop /ʔ/, while Aramaic has lost both the glottal stop and the glottal fricative /h/. - Classical Arabic has six vowel phonemes /a/, /i/, /u/, /æ /, /e/, /o/, which can be short or long. Akkadian has only three vowel phonemes /a/, /i/, /u/, which can be short or long, while Aramaic has only two vowel phonemes /a/ and /i/, which can be short or long. Arabic has three cases for nouns: nominative, accusative, and genitive. Other Semitic languages have lost or reduced these case endings; Akkadian has only two cases: nominative and genitive-accusative. Hebrew has no case endings at all. Arabic a complex verbal system that includes 19 main forms (awzān) that indicate different meanings and functions. These forms are derived from the root-and-pattern morphology, where the consonants of the root fill the slots of the pattern. For example, the root k-t-b means "write" and can form different verbs such as kataba "he wrote", kattaba "he made (someone) write", kātaba "he corresponded", aktaba "he dictated", etc. Other Semitic languages have simpler verbal systems that include fewer forms and meanings. For example, Hebrew has only seven main forms (binyanim) This means that Classical Arabic can encode more information in a given unit of speech than other languages, and that it is not only closer to the original sound system of protosemitic, it predates it. We can see that Arabic has more grammatical features than the other languages, such as case endings, mood endings, and root and pattern system, sounds that were lost or changed, more verb and noun forms to emphasize different aspects of the sentence. These features make Arabic more expressive and precise than the other languages, as it can convey more information and nuances in a single word or phrase. Arabic is therefore older and more original than the other languages. Now how is it that the Qur'an came thousands of years in a language that is lexically, syntactically, phonemically, and semantically older than the oldest recorded writing? God did bring down the Qur’an, Mohamed is his Messenger. God did bring down the Qur’an, Mohamed is his Messenger. God did bring down the Qur’an, Mohamed is his Messenger.

[@liquidoxygen819]

Please, please, please, please, please: a video on Proto-Semitic, its linguistic palaeontology, and (in your opinion) likely Urheimat

[@lfutsum4267]

Africa

[@therealtonedef]

gu gal=gate master , as in the panama canal. with the "locks/loch's-sluice-sluice gate"

[@zebublack6300]

Great and informative! But I am curious, what is your Old Aramaic vocalization based off of? Or can you recommend any sources for studying this subject? Thanks.

[@ProfessorMichaelWingert]

I'm basically approximating it from vocalization traditions of Eastern Aramaic and historical linguistics. Occasionally, we learn the pronunciation of the oldest Aramaic when it is written in cuneiform script (which bears all the necessary vowels), so that let's us approximate it to a certain degree (but is of course, incomplete).

[@tonyb6485]

El and jehova are different in some aspect. Nahar is a river. Nehara is light. Nar/ noor in arabic is light/fire

[@kkKey-py7lk]

I am Akkidin ASSYRIAN we are 5 million people

[@ProfessorMichaelWingert]

Alaha mazed Atur.

[@braudhadoch3432]

Yes, this is the kind of stuff that goes Viral on Tik Toc.

[@Массинисса-у1э]

Actually, qdm in Arabic can mean "in front of". Could qdm hddskn in Aramaic mean something like "in front of Haddad of Sikan"

[@ProfessorMichaelWingert]

Yes, absolutely. There is actually a full phrase in the Aramaic version that reads: dmwt' zy I hdys3y : zy: šm : qdm : hddskn.... the likeness of Hadad-Yis3i, which he placed before Haddad of Sikan.

[@BornInUSSR12]

Can you comment how close are Hebrew and Phoenician

[@oussamatalha1903]

as a arab , Old Aramaic is closer to arabic some times Akkadian look more understood

[@krunomrki]

Akkadian : ili ; Hebrew: (sg.) eli , (pl.) elohim ... Bab-ili (The Gate of God, name of city Babilon) vs. Arab: Bab el- Mandeb ... And how you would explain that the name of city in Canaanite is: Gubla, in Hebrew Bible: Gebal and in Greek became: Byblos (Bublos) ...? The one could expect that voice /g/ < /k/ but : /g/ < /b/?

[@franciscotabarus5742]

Is akkadian more cllse to sumerian?

[@tonyb6485]

Water manager or distributer

[@ramisamman1095]

" Imt Kln"you could say it in syrian عامة كلن؟

[@lfutsum4267]

I speak Tigryna and I understand many of the words. lmt kln = lmat kulen= all land prosper Kln is in reference to land most likely, not people.

[@tonyb6485]

Reiya, sheperding. Raaya means wife. Reiya ראייה is close means to see. ע replaces א.

[@dalestaley5637]

Akkadian is written in cuneiform. I own cuneiform tablets.

[@RegioVlogsMty]

Interesting. How did you acquire these artifacts?

[@IOSPBITBRNO]

Replica or original??

[@idiotic_ergodic]

thats all the youth think about these days

[@iberius9937]

Could not Akkadian "ana" be a very distantly related cognate with Indo-European? Compare Greek ἄνα, Latin "in" and English "on."

[@carteunu467]

Look into LaDin language of the ancient-culture. Aromanian is like archaic Romanian. The tribe of Dan scattered all through Asia Minor and Europe and formed Romance languages. Aromanian and Romanian, as well as all the Romance languages including Latin, were not formed from Latin but from ancient-culture LaDin, a Semitic language that formed also the LaDin in the Dolomites. LaDin the mother of European language including LaTin. Ladin is a Semitic language of the tribe of Dan. The semitic Ladin language, is the basis of Romanian language It could be that the original Ladin is not from Latin but the other way around. Romanians have almost exactly the same numerals and they are formed far away from the Dolomites. Romanian comes from Ladin, Dacian, not Latin. Wow 😮😮😮😮 Why Romanian Isn't Like Other Languages - because it is the closest to Ladin Origin of Romanic languages in Ladin, not in Latin. Amazing. Ladin and Ladino is the Semitic language, mother of all European languages. It is not that Spanish influenced this language. It is the other way around. Latin America is in fact Ladino America 🇺🇸. The continent where Ladinos or Jews emigrated. I always thought it has something to do with romance languages from Europe, but it is even prior to Americo Vespucci. Wow. It all makes sense. It comes full circle. Incredible. Ladino, romance language spoken in Israel 🇮🇱 coming from Europe, but basen on ancient-culture LaDin language. The language of the tribe of Dan. We found the connection with the language spoken by the tribe of Dan, the Dacian, back to Israel. Incredible. Ladin is the language Ladino are the people. In Spain they developed another version. Ladino. A Semitic language. Iberia is the country of the Hebreeuws. Latin America, could be Ladino America. 70% Jewish genes in Latin America. Either Ashkenazi or of the lost tribes of Israel. A huge revelation for today. Zal-Moxis Dacia Dan Look for the Serpent's Trail If you consider the other Romanian like languages such as Aromanian, istroromanian and others, that developed away from Dacia, you cannot say that the Dacian language was Latinised. And you cannot say that Aromanian is Latinised Greek. Because the way the latin words are spoken into these languages is close to Romanian and not Latin. How can a Latinised Greek develop 2000 km away from Dacia in the exact way as the Latinised Dacian language? No chance. It is more like Dacian language was a language that gave birth to Latin. Important to know!!!! Dacians and Sarmatians are THE LOST TRIBES OF ISRAEL. Sarmatians are Samaritans. Dacians are the Dan's. The lost tribe of Dan. They colonized first what became Thracia and Dacia and move forward up north when the Romans invaded Dacia and colonized Scandinavia known as Province of Dacia and formed also countries like Olan-da, Dan-mark. The people living in Olanda/Holland/The Netherlands, are called Dutch (pronounced Daci), also Dacians of the tribe of Dan. Dacians of Dacia were of the same tribe with Samson. That is why they had uncut beards 🧔🏽 and hair. Dan-mark was called Dacia in the 4th century. The tribe of Dan, colonized Iberia, France and Wallonia, as well as Irland and Scotland. Zal-Moxis was Chief Moses, the God of the Dacians. Why? Because Moses brought Israel out of Egypt. The Tribe of Dan was in Exile as well and got Moses worship 🛐 to be their protector. The Serpent with wolf 🐺 head on a pole, was the war flag of both Dacians and Sarmatians and it was inspired from the Old Testament book of Numbers 21.4-9. The serpent on the pole of Moeses. Moesia comes from Moses. Is the country of Moses people. Moesel is the river of Moses. Dan-ube is the river of Dan. Samarina is a colony of the Sarmatian, Samaritans. They were also Dacians Many rivers in Europe have the name based on Dan derivative in the first place. Saxons is derived from (I)saac sons. The sons of Isaac. Europe is therefore Semitic. România 🇷🇴 was occupied by many other powers over the centuries. The Ottoman Empire was there for 500 years yet Romanias don't speak Turkish. The Austr-Hungarian Empire was there for 300 years. Yet only the colonized villages in specific regions where Hungarians and Germans emigrated 700 years ago, speak Hungarian and German and are the emigrants. No Românian people ever spoke another language. The Roman occupation was only 150 years at maximum. It is no way the Dacian peasants were Latinised. Therefore Latin was not the language that formed Romanian language nor the other Romance languages from Iberic Peninsula, France, Wallonia, Italy. It is most likely that all these languages developed separately from a Semitic language that became Dacian language that got variations according to the region the segmented parts of the Tribe of Dan emigrated to. It is extraordinary and fascinating at the same time. Look for the article. The Serpent's Trail of the lost tribes of Israel. The tribe of Dan. Btw. The Gypsies are Semitic too. They are from the lost tribes of Simeon. Sardinia was also colonized by the Tribe of Dan. Romanian language and Sardinian language are similar. This is another hint.

[@christopherellis2663]

The Ancient World was wonderful

[@babylon7811]

We are Akkadians Assyrians not Arameans, but United, we are all Assyrians ❤🤍💛💙

[@johnsmith-ir1ne]

Today they're all gone. Long Live Arabs 👍

[@FyodorDelyaei-o6s]

Long live Assyrians who have preserved their ancient language until now. Arabs came from the Arabian peninsula and had no written language, Arabic was derived from such ancient semitic languages later on.

[@Hsdias]

@@johnsmith-ir1newtf are you on about you absolute ignoramus?

[@keratomeliusis]

Akkadians are a thing Assyrians are another, you are neither

[@mustaphagreenberg6666]

@@johnsmith-ir1neYes, long love the colonial imperialistic caliphate invaders and destroyers of the Levant: Arabs.

[@ramibakkar]

They are called Syrian Languages Not semitic

[@ps.2]

Call them whatever you like - they are definitely in the same family as other Semitic languages.

[@zimriel]

The Arabic word for "Syrian" is Shami. Which is cognite with semite.

[@xnicksomox]

Your comment is wrong. It’s the languages of Sham. In English Sham means Semitic. The name Syria comes from Assyria (Ashour) who is the son of Sham. Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Iran were all parts of Mesopotamia and these languages belonged to the people of Mesopotamia. I am an Assyrian from Iraq and speak Aramaic.

[@elkingoh4543]

Protestant and Islam : Aramaic is heretic language

[@pcgamerwolf515]

bullshit,, muslims believe that Aramaic a holy language,, language of jesus (isa) & gospels (injil),, Arabic language of Islam & Aramaic are siblings.. educate yourself Asian