Alcohol Physiology (ethanol, metabolism and biochemistry)

[@jakobbagheredlund8099]

Worth mentioning is the effect it has when reaching the brain - bloking the release of vasopressin (ADH) from posterior pitutiary gland. Resulting in a decrease of aquaporins 2 in the distal conveluted & collecting ducts leadning to an increase H20 excretion.

[@vule92994]

One tip...on the end it would be great to have all the drawing you did visible in one piece.. makes it easier for viewers to repeat everything one more time on their own. bte channel is great

[@cedasphinl9744]

great

[@nellyhoffman6194]

you can buy them

[@sonikasonu4165]

@@cedasphinl9744 . . .

[@Shamariah2011]

vule92994 efficacy rates for abstinence following currently available medical treatments which boast “drinking will make you sick so you don’t want to drink”.

[@RebeccaPark12]

How do did you learn to draw/organize your drawings so neatly and effectively? Plus, have all the scientific knowledge and coordinate at the same time? SO cool and awe-inspiring, seriously.

[@outlaw6313]

He plans them ahead of the vid, lol. And how knows if this vid was spoken real time - one take.

[@avinashnagarajan1048]

He has a rough outline on the chart to trace out ...but yeah tat too needs some work ...

[@davidtverberg2606]

Dang! I wish KZbin and you were around 38 years ago when I was taking med school Biochem! Outstanding, keep up the good work!

[@PebelWasTaken]

I love this channel.

[@leandrosoto1427]

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[@nellyhoffman6194]

who doesnt

[@NPMike]

Armando! Dude this is great! Well done! Oh, and thanks. I'm in a NP program and we're covering ETOH Metabolism.

[@thuzarkyinaung299]

Increased NADH inhibits the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate that is the intermediate in the pathway of gluconeogenesis. So non-carbohydrate precursors such as lactate, glycerol, glucogenic amino acids can't be converted to glucose. So hypoglycemia occurs in alcoholic person. Drinking without eating food is one of the factors causing hypoglycemia.

[@lichin11]

4/13/2022 = my CH₃-CH₂-OH quit day. Your video is very needed and motivating for continued sobriety. Thank you.

[@OYF28]

FYI the main problem with EtOH on glucose metabolism that high NADH favors the production of lactate from pyruvate thus depriving the liver of the ability to partake in gluconeogenesis. The liver performs gluconeogenesis when the body needs sugar elsewhere and thus the lack of gluconeogenesis causes hypoglycemia.

[@internalmedicinedoctordoct5057]

Armando it was good. But just a small mistake because nadh high level will not inhibit glycolysis. It converts* aerobic glycolysis to anaerobic glycolysis.

[@sugemchuge]

How do I get a picture of the full diagram at the end?

[@alleyhanai]

This is helping out med school so much

[@-m7k0z7-9]

How can you/someone learn things like this and have them stick in their brains easily. What's the best most efficient way of practicing ideas, concepts, and facts? I would like to know the most efficient way to learn and study. Mainly to have a clear path towards the material and to also have more efficient studying sessions. I mainly would read a piece of information and then write it down step by step, then write a large portion of it without reading again, and when I think that I may have done a mistake i would go back and re-read the whole thing then write it over and over again until I can write the whole thing in coherence. If I don't revise that piece of information for at least 3 days I would -by that time- have forgotten a large portion of info (text) about that thing of topic. What's the best way in you'r opinion that is a very good in terms of knowing topics and subjects like the back of your hand? Thank you in advance.

[@ChialukaGold]

active recall and learning not to memorize but to understand and teach

[@Ivan_1791]

Omg, this video was awesome.

[@giselaarce1596]

you got talent, pretty well broken down

[@jorgebravo1919]

Congratulations, you’re brilliant! Keep up the good work!

[@matthewmitchell7840]

Great vids mate. Your drawings are incredible. Well done to you good sir

[@user_375a82]

Brilliant video! Thx so much. You’re a hero.

[@gunbang3363]

Great work. Keep it up.

[@haniakakar9822]

Please i really love the way u teach But i would be very happy if u start making videos on inheritance I m fsc student and i don't understand a single topic of inheritance Plzzz make videos on this chapter

[@mamie6820]

Brilliantly explained. Thankyou

[@disulfiram62]

try to reconsider the sentence where you mentioned that the cause of hypoglicaemia that the person is not hungry. Hypoglicaemia has to do with lactate and lactate dehydrogenase etc.

[@potassiumc]

It would be interesting about amphetamine, methylphenidate, cocaine and other psychostimulants. Thank you for your work. It was intnresno.

[@lovelyayas]

thank you. very good video. please tell me. how can i buy this pdf? i can find it on your shop.

[@haniakakar9822]

Plzz make videos on inheritance and mendel's law

[@nellyhoffman6194]

Such a good explanation ! thanks Armando

[@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885]

fascinating! build up fatty acid and stopping the BREAKdown of fatty acids! "Excess NADH from the ethanol oxidation inhibits the oxidation of fatty acids in the liver"

[@nandacynthiahuzna2389]

thank you so much dr. Armando

[@meusnomen]

You mentioned near the end that excess consumption of ethanol causes hypoglycemia due not eating. But the glucose is not broken down by the liver. This seems that hyperglycemia will occur. If glucose is not broken down and there is a hyperglycemia, how can hypoglycemia occur? Even if the person does not eat, there is excess glucose in the blood? Just curious about the metabolism.

[@GHANA-NIJATV-yd5pb]

+meusnomen the liver will not break down glucose, but the muscles will do , due to the drank person's comportment after alcohol intake, remember neoglucogenesis will also be inhibited .

[@proffezur]

glucose will enter but not be metabolized via glycolysis, thus it'll build up in the liver and be shunted to FA synthesis, while staying reduced in the blood.

[@muhamadhafizbinabdrahimfoo3790]

Remember, this process happens in liver. Liver is also the site of the conversion of lactate to pyruvate, then to glucose (gluconeogenesis). Increase of NADH will inhibit conversion of lactate to pyruvate, therefore increase blood acidity and reduce gluconeogenesis. The glycolysis will be reduced too, but only in liver. But liver can get the energy from ethanol/FA metabolism. IMHO

[@SiegePerilousEsauMaltomite]

Pyruvate from glycolysis is not used in gluconeogenesis to make more glucose because of excess nadh, glycogen isn't broken down to glucose, all kinds of pathways are blocked. Hyperglycemia followed by hypoglycemia.

[@carlososorniomartinez5289]

What about the farmacology of alcohol causing sedation?

[@mrestko]

I think the biochem is a little off when you're talking about the consequences of ethanol metabolism on glucose. According to Lippincott's Illustrated Review of Biochemistry, the increase in NADH tends to inhibit the gluconeogenesis pathway, tending to cause hypoglycemia. It is this direct effect which causes hypoglycemia. In the video you make it sound like the direct effect is a tendency towards hyperglycemia with hypoglycemia resulting only from a poor diet.

[@rizabalwenardgabrille7429]

Thank you. How about a video about liver function tests? Please

[@MelbourneMaster]

(At 5:18 ) My textbook (Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease) says that when alcohol dehydrogenase (ADL) converts ethanol to acetaldehyde its NADP + O2 -> NAD+ + H2O. Is this just a fancy way of writing NAD+ -> NADH or did you get it wrong? Seems like my book says NAD+ is the result whereas you say its the factor getting reduced to NADH.

[@46aditighatge51]

Its the same buddy. Your textbook combines H with O ... making H2O But (most of textbooks) say.. NADP works as hydrogen donor or acceptor (BOTH) .. So more appropriate way of expressing the SAME thing is ... NADP -----> NADPH SAYING THAT IT HAS ACCEPTED THE Hydrogen and caused OXIDATION OF ETHANOL INTO ACETALDEHYDE U see that is why enzyme is called as alcohol DEHYDROGENASE , meaning, it removes a hydrogen from alcohol and converts to aldehyde -' oxidation' and that hydrogen is accepted by NADP. (primary alcohols convet into aldehyde on moderate oxydation ( and acid if we oxidize it more) Hope its helpful - love from india

[@adiashuvo8328]

thank you sir

[@markkeibler4168]

Thanks -- great video and love your channel! Definitely learned a lot here! However, one minor question/potential nitpick: Isn't it NADPH (rather than NADH) that fuels fatty acid synthesis from acetyl-CoA? If so, how is the increased NADH from the ADH and ALDH reactions fueling triglyceride synthesis? I know that NADH can get converted to NADPH via mitochondrial transhydrogenase, but otherwise, I think the other interconversion pathways are more indirect.

[@nabin_batala]

thank you so much

[@isabellaandreoni2090]

I love your videos. You help me a lot at college. You're brilliant, as many say. Thank you so so much.

[@3tealeaf]

Excellent!

[@davidtverberg2606]

Thanks!

[@liamurray5233]

good video. thank you. what about the physiological affects short and long term on the cns, most notably the brain?

[@meusnomen]

I think that is when Wernicke's encephalopathy or Korsakoff's psychosis comes in.

[@liamurray5233]

There are more immediate cns affects: commonly referred to as being tipsy/drunk. What is happening then? Is it simple dehydration? Thank you again.

[@archa1624]

This is incredibly interesting

[@MrAntwaun91]

What would deem excessive by your standards?

[@iq-sajjadhussain7581]

Thanks , can you make video about adrenergic physiology or pharmacology ?

[@cjennings6179]

Please. More information

[@iq-sajjadhussain7581]

C Jennings For what ?

[@paulad.l.6268]

Absolutely awesome. Thankyou very much

[@aslankhmaisy1597]

Thank you so helpful🙏🏻

[@AR-fy2qo]

great work

[@daisyblue4073]

And somewhere in all that is my intolerance of alcohol and some fermented stuff from the first sip. Not a problem, really, I just don't drink, and I don't use vinegar.

[@AbuAl7sn1]

That's why alcohol is haram But I really want to what is the scientific way to know these processes, I mean how did they know that Is that by microscopic ways or measuring the concentration of each molecule before and after the chemical process Or by another way

[@tinkageorgewilliam871]

merci beaucoup

[@tesfamichaelharegewoin7146]

nice. add a short summery at the end......

[@atlboy2002]

Great video!! Thanks.

[@Kingboo1081]

Ethanol and Selegiline ok?

[@caramelzoe]

great video. thank you

[@kaweesakpakornkarn800]

Good video. I love it.

[@thedesidoc1377]

Nice video,

[@TheMessi121212]

one word, genius

[@markyounger1240]

Excellent

[@eagleeye8947]

excellent video.

[@judithchebet9731]

awesome!! Thank you

[@yurenna252]

Thank you :)

[@АртемАндреев-ч8ф]

Браво! Огромное спасибо!

[@brokentombot]

I wonder about the Asians that have a missing enzyme in there that just makes acetyladehyde rather than going on. They suffer a "high pressure red face" when taking even small doses of ethanol. Also, some people who have drank for decades also have that red face. I presume it's the acetylaldehyde going into the blood stream and creating these physiological effects. However it could be something else on the ladder. What do you think of that type of biological scenario? What do you think is the difference from a virgin liver to a hardened-from-alcohol liver and how it works biochemically?

[@StevePhillips]

In a word brilliant! Thank you!

[@Oculus_idealistae]

Great Vid! Keep on!

[@martinbriceno9109]

It was sort of confusing haha were you nervous?....had to watch it 3 times to fully understand it, but keep up the good work man.

[@donyadadvand1913]

Since when FA synthesis needs NADH? Isn't it NADPH?

[@sabinouchou8293]

amazing

[@shicobizous6154]

hey is there a way to test for this in a lab

[@pranavmachingal9739]

cool vid

[@blucas1444]

Just nitpicking here, but life itself is in the nitpicking business. The way you schematize the double helix makes for a left handed helix, or Z-DNA. To get the natural right handed form of DNA, B-DNA, just start with a reversed "S" shape. It's also easier to draw this way.

[@mclyker]

What defines "excessive ethanol intake"?

[@mikaelfalk6720]

In the case of causing vitamin b1 deficency, it is a lot. Alcohol causes reduced appetite and many alcoholics ONLY drink alcohol, i,e they do not eat food, and those people may over some time develope vitamin b1 deficency (because they do not eat) and get brain damage.

[@washimontacoloridaho]

NAD-heych

[@rizabalwenardgabrille7429]

Why is the liver of a patient with viral hepatitis tender and an alcohol hepatitis not?? Please I'm stuck with this one

[@lovemusic12374]

I LOVE YOU HOPEFULLY I PASS MY EXAM 🎉❤

[@FieldBoy111]

Lol who wants a couple shots now?

[@edgar9031]

Acetaldehyde*

[@ishadhawan9272]

Can someone tell what is the NAD and NADH ??

[@drosha9314]

NAD stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. the H stands for a hydride ion (a hydrogen atom with an extra electron. two instead of one). NAD works as an oxidising agent: which means it removes electrons from a molecule. it can do this because the nicotinamide group contains a conjugated ring with positive charge (that's why NAD is commonly referred to as NAD+) the 2 electrons will leave their higher energy orbital in the OH bond in ethanol, and jump to the lower energy orbital in NAD+ (they also brings one of the hydrogen nuclei along with them to stabilize the negative charge. NADH is formed.) electrons always want to be at the lowest energy level possible. in the enzyme Alcohol Dehydrogenase, NAD removes a hydride ion from ethanol, forming NADH. the remaining hydrogen nuclei is snatched up by a nearby water molecule to form H3O+. This sounds strange, but it makes sense when you consider that the reaction started with NAD+ and that positive charge can't just disappear. The OH bond on the carbon atom has been oxidised into a C=O bond. (remember, it is called oxidation because two electrons have been removed by NAD+ -----> NADH) This newly formed NADH will primary be shuttled into your mitochondria and be used in the electron transport chain to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate). I hope this helped. if you have any further questions, I will be very happy to try and answer them.

[@FreeSkillsStyle]

7:07 it's acyl CoA not acetyl-wa

[@internalmedicinedoctordoct5057]

Acetyl coa

[@mediaplague]

Ethanol is only in liquor that has been made wrong.

[@2074ae]

masimo

[@TheMrExemplar]

it makes perfect sense why alcohol is legal, while psychedelics are not

[@SuperAmazingAnt]

what are those disease in the end, get someone to do show notes.

[@AxelWerner]

So... NAPSTER BAAAD ?

[@Shamariah2011]

There is a dude studying parasites by infecting himself with tapeworms, etc. he literally flew to Africa ti drink the nymph forms of the tapeworm. Perhaps to learn you should make yourself a study. Until you understand you’re just regurgitating material you learned in family medicine residency or medical school that someone else taught you. Develop an addiction (moderately and without hurting yourself) or start to study actual addicts rather than tell us your addiction 101 lecture from freshman year.

[@tuluwa]

Im only watching this beause I m drunk alone sitting in fron t ofmt conmputer

[@ShreyUniverse]

☺️ u r awsm

[@matthewbrady654]

The diagram doesn't make sense if you're not a doctor and he uses a lot of advanced medical terms without defining what they are or what they mean. If you haven't gone to medical school than watching this video is a waste of time.

[@kutilkol]

en ej dý hejdž... so annoying

[@thomaselliott573]

this is an appalling attempt at ex[plaining what is happening

[@deiaarahma8729]

Excellent