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Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors are G-protein coupled receptors that make up the sympathetic response in the autonomic nervous system. When a ligand binds to the Alpha-1 receptor, it’s corresponding Gq protein will trigger a cascade of downstream messengers, including phospholipase C, IP3, and DAG. Since alpha-1 receptors are found on smooth muscle, activation of these receptors will lead to muscle contraction, such as vasoconstriction, pupil dilation, and bladder sphincter constriction.
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