Black Dwarf Stars: Corpses of Creation

Original Music Available from Stephen Dubois:
www.ancienteyesmusic.com
This space documentary was inspired by conversations with Space Fans from Patreon. I realized then that I should make a video on black dwarf stars.
These stellar remnants have not been seen yet, they are the cooled remains of a dead, white dwarf star. The cool over extremely long timescales, so long that the universe hasn't been around long enough to see on - yet.
We'll need to wait till the Stelliferous Era of the cosmos is over, some 100 trillion years from now.
Hope you enjoy this video and please let me know what you think!
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[@ish6978]

One of the best voices ever. Good video.

[@Simp_Zone]

I find it slightly off putting that he uses some kind of software to lower the pitch. Id rather hear it sounding natural.

[@AMITSINGH-iz8oo]

Dana Church hello

[@victorha9923]

I like it too. I have a strong suspicion it's meant to copy Carl Sagan from Cosmos. The new-agey music is a strong giveaway of that influence.

[@medexamtoolsdotcom]

Best voices? Really? Because to me, he sounds indistinguishable from Neil Degrasse Tyson.

[@granyte]

I don't know why but this video has some what of a 90's feel to it. But keep them coming your videos are the best astronomy content out there.Also is there a reason you are only uploading 720p?

[@deepastronomy]

Well, I was going for a retro feel. The reason for 720p is that's about the average resolution I can find for public domain space clips. As you probably saw, one particular animation was in 420p because it was from 2002 but was all I could find to illustrate the script. Thanks for watching.

[@benjamincrom7276]

Fantastic short video !! I really enjoy your channel, keep up the good work.

[@sH0xXx89]

Great Video! I always loved these type of videos :) i wish they were longer ones...

[@dv82lecm62]

Look folks, something black in Astronomy that is less weird, but still MORE exotic than black holes.

[@bombud1]

wonderful video. you do exceptionally well with this format.

[@dallasparker4604]

i realize I am kind of off topic but does anybody know of a good site to watch newly released movies online?

[@bodiehayden3803]

@Dallas Parker i watch on FlixZone. Just google for it =)

[@GroinsItchin]

I love these videos so much! I learn something awesome every time I see a new one, and there is just something about your voice, It;s so calm and soothing yet at the same time you can hear the passion for what it is your talking about. I just really love these video's by far and away the best video's on You Tube by far in my opinion. Please keep up the amazing work and thank you so much for all you do!!

[@urbanshadow777]

Man I love these videos so much I could watch them forever. I wish you would do a half hour one of these at the end of every month as watching them is extremely therapeutic.

[@lolobotius]

Amazing as always!

[@neiladlington950]

Did you say 10 billion years? That's a relief. At first I thought you said 10 million years..... Hi-Yuck :)

[@deepastronomy]

Yeah, big difference there :-)

[@Zhiivago]

LOL...yes it is a relief.... I would feel we have so little time left :/

[@pedropena880]

I don't want to rain down in anyone's party, but although it's 10 billion years the life cycle of our sun, (and the sun is about 5-6 billion years old) we only have about 500k livable years in this planet; that amount only if we take care of the environment like crazy nuts, which (of course) we wouldn't do ever. At the present rate probably less than 100k livable years. Why 500k years instead of the 4-5 billion left in our sun's life? Because the sun expands every year, and at it's natural rate of expansion in 500k years it will be too hot for the earth environment to sustain itself. And without the environment human beings will not be able to live.

[@myhandsspeak1925]

When I'm hungover and can't get out of bed. I play videos like this so it can help me relax and sleep it off.

[@RB-ei7zs]

Thank you Tony, awsome video! I love you

[@gameking008]

great video as usual!

[@patrickmfallon2463]

Super stuff Tony. Thanks

[@4mathieuj]

Amazing video as always! Thanks for the content :)

[@deepastronomy]

Thank you for watching :-)

[@GoreTorn16]

Another great video Tony!!

[@UkDave3856]

Fantastic. Thanks Tony.

[@playgroundchooser]

I love the great animation. it really helps illustrate the awesomeness!

[@garywilson3042]

wonderfully done.

[@elvest9]

This was one of my favourite videos.

[@evoGage]

Simply mind-boggling

[@reeceboyle1905]

omg best channel ever after 1 video

[@DavidJones-pn2zp]

you should go to this channels playlist and watch all the space documentaries. They are awesome.

[@georgecolwell3317]

Great video Tony :)

[@theanesthetist5172]

Most beautiful channel on astronomy.. don't know why they left updating it.

[@iugoeswest]

Awesome!

[@jura3899]

This was awesome tony! Love to see more like it!

[@deepastronomy]

Thanks, and I'm working on it. I have two more in the queue. Thanks so much for watching.

[@Sk8rGuy5141]

I couldn't agree more with Katie! I just go nuts over information and videos like these that you post, Tony. My favorite one that made a significant impression on me (more than usual) was your video on how going at or very close the speed of light should actually make you arrive faster than is calculated. I just couldn't get enough. Thank you for all that you do for our watching eyes, and listening ears, Tony. = )

[@RL112871]

It's funny because I have so many questions that I have thought of to ask, and then forgotten what the question was later on in my day. But yet again, it's happened 4 times now, you come thru with an answer to one of my forgotten questions. Top shelf material, every time.

[@Marynz]

great vid!

[@7viviana]

Great Video

[@AlexAlex-xx1op]

Definitely like your videos

[@Willskull]

That was really amazing, darkness awaits us all in the end

[@galaxia4709]

Super!

[@SungazerDNB]

I appreciate your efforts to continue Carl Sagan-esque videomaking in the 2010s ! :)

[@hanson666999]

Astonishing

[@keeperkai999]

How do you make these amazing images? I'm trying to make skyboxes for my game...

[@nuclearnyanboi]

Makes me want to cry. I'm so tiny, so insignificant, yet so big

[@pronoob1983]

Neat! Nice Video! :)

[@areamusicale]

2:00 I'd really like to know for how long the expansion will take place, rather then when. Will it be seconds, minutes, hours, years or centuries ???? When you said it takes billion of years for a stage to the other is that for giant to become something else?

[@neiladlington950]

The thing is, though we can't go back in time we can theoretically go forward in time via time dilation when approaching light speed velocities. Theoretically (as I understand it) one could travel to the decaying universe and bear witness to these black dwarf stars. Maybe when we have that technology some brave souls will volunteer for such a one-way mission, emerging every one thousand, ten thousand, ten million, ten billion years or so, leaving "bread crumbs" of information for whatever societies evolve or come after us. It would become part of our existential reality to know some part of us navigated the end of times.

[@BrightGlandsBristleMange]

Sometime in the very distant future, there might be lifeforms that will scratch their heads, wondering where their dense, black, "planets" came from. They will be laughed at when they hypothesize "stars."

[@magzire]

would they be smooth like a marble?

[@dv82lecm62]

So, this is NOT taking Red Dwarves into account?!

[@xeztan]

Brilliant video! (no pun intended)

[@quickstrike93]

Man, this is amazing. How is this shit out there??

[@disagreeablesob]

Actually,there will still be red dwarfs and brown dwarfs heating the universe.And if you think it's a long wait before we'll see any black dwarfs,try waiting around to see when blue dwarfs finally light up the night skies.

[@TheLostBear78]

If you could extract a chunk of black dwarf material (ignore the how of that, assume magic) and take it into space separate from the rest of the star. would it remain stable in its current form of super dense degenerate material? I understand that a small chunk of neutron material would explode from neutron decay.

[@TheWolfox02]

I wonder about properties of the matter Black Dwarfs will be consisted of. Hot ones are made of neutron superfluid, but how will it behave when cooled down? Will it lose it´s liquid form and became solid? Will the star even be able to hold together considering unimaginable gravity and tidal forces? Couldn´t this material became the strongest compound available in the universe? So many questions....

[@deepastronomy]

Excellent questions, right now we can only theorize.

[@TheGodlessGuitarist]

Nibbler knows!

[@jc4evur661]

The Sun eventual cools down to become a Black Dwarf...So what is the FINAL state of our Sun once it becomes a Black Dwarf? -Is it a cold ball of gas? -A hard ball of cold Carbon? What is its very final state?

[@blindandwatching]

Over time when a white dwarf cools off does it turn red?

[@MusiCaninesTheMusicalDogs]

What happens to a red dwarf once fusion is over inside it? Does it also leave a white dwarf behind? Does the red dwarf cool down into a black dwarf directly? In this case, is it correct to call it a black dwarf, since its nature seems to be different than that of the black dwarf derived from white dwarfs shown in the video?

[@deepastronomy]

Do a search for Red Dwarf Stars: The Embers of Creation. I made that a while back and it should answer your question. Red dwarf stars basically just fade away, but it takes trillions of years as well. Also, many think red dwarfs are the best bet for finding life elsewhere.

[@deepastronomy]

Actually, here is the video I was talking about. I keep forgetting KZbin lets us post vid links in the comments. kzbin.info/www/bejne/mn6pZXmJmphkmtk

[@MusiCaninesTheMusicalDogs]

Thanks for taking the time to answer me, Tony. That's very kind of you. I'll check the video, even though I have some memory that I already watched it. Well, I'll watch it again and refresh my mind about my doubt! Keep looking up! ;)

[@iggyp2639]

If a black dwarf is just a cooled star does that mean once its fully cooled down you could technically land a spaceship on it and be able to walk on it like normal earth?

[@Hecatonicosachoron]

Stellar remnants are fascinating and it is even more astounding to think that there will be a time when they will constitute the largest population of compact bodies. A question that I've asked in fora like this one but not yet seen answered is the possibility of dark globular clusters - i.e. globular clusters that contain a high amount of stellar remnants. Is it not possible that a globular cluster of high-mass stars may form and after a large proportion have run through their evolution they have remained gravitationally bound, resulting into a globular cluster with low luminosity for its mass? Essentially can there be globular clusters composed mainly of neurton stars (and black holes)? A cursory search has only yielded one recent paper on the topic: arxiv.org/pdf/1503.04198v2.pdf Are there any others?

[@lordpinochetuttp3819]

Won't new stars form after that? Since energy is always conserved, won't that mean that even after a star completely parishes and is broken up into a cloud of heavy elements that these elements in return can form a new star?

[@oceano901]

LordPinochetUTTP No. They lose their energy through heat. Black dwarfs eventually evaporate. There's nothing for gravity to compress. All of the matter in those time scales will have become elementary particles. By the time black dwarfs roam the cosmos the universe will be a dark void that spans trillions upon trillions of light years.

[@dougison]

Really interesting you haven't found one yet you know they are there and evidence in a creator also all around even as believed by Einstein yet we have not seen him either

[@mickistevens4886]

Of course by the time a black dwarf could even have come close to existing the universe will have ripped itself apart due to dark energy.

[@DRATER469]

This narrator is about a half octave from being Owen Wilson. Great video

[@deepastronomy]

Haven't heard that one before :-)

[@NJHS92]

the perfect voice, i dont even need to watch the video i can just close my eyes and listen, i love your voice. instant sub

[@zealous261]

What if there are black dwarfs in the universe right now, but we just haven't seen any yet? We don't truly know the the age of the universe; it is probably older than we know.

[@KungFuKeni]

Hi can someone explain to me why white dwarfs spin at incredibly high speeds? And, will they ever stop spinning if no forces are applied of course?

[@CavePony]

the sun, right now, is already spinning. so when the sun shrinks into a white dwarf, the mass stays roughly the same so it spins faster. (like when you're spinning on a chair, you tuck your hands and legs in to spin faster.) also, the black dwarf will probably continue to spin on forever, if no force was applied to counteract it. it's a bit like Voyager 1 and 2 will continue to travel through interstellar space even though they don't have any fuel to push them onward.

[@959tolis626]

They spin because their parent star spins (Due to heat, magnetism, etc). The fact that the star's core shed its outer layers and got condensed to become a white dwarf doesn't mean it also shed its angular momentum. Kinetic energy remains, as there is no loss of it in outer space. So a smaller, lighter body with the same amount of kinetic energy as the parent star should theoretically spin faster than it (Picture a big and a small top, if you apply the same amount of force to both, the smaller one will spin faster). As to if they will ever stop spinning... Probably not. As said above, there is no friction in space and I guess they shouldn't lose angular momentum in any other way either (through energy lost as radiation, for example).

[@m33p0]

In the same way a figure skater spins faster when it tucks its arms in.

[@Adamas97]

You said 90% of stars are like our sun, main sequence stars. But aren't red drawfs the most popular type of stars?

[@deepastronomy]

You are correct about red dwarf stars (watch "Embers of Creation"), but I was careful to say main sequence stars, which includes our sun, along with a lot of other stars up to 200 solar masses. So that's a big group. Of those less than 1.4 solar masses, we get white dwarfs.

[@SayBinidus]

To be specific, red dwarves are main sequence stars like the Sun. Anything that is currently fusing hydrogen in its core is in the main sequence. In fact, the Universe hasn't existed long enough for any red dwarf stars to have left the main sequence yet. Of all the stars in existence, the vast majority of them will end their lives as some kind of white dwarf- made of different mixtures of materials lighter than iron, depending on their initial size.

[@geemanbmw]

@@SayBinidus I could not have explained it any better👍

[@savadaflava1120]

Cool video, but why are you whispering? It sounds like there is someone sleeping in the same room that you are trying not to wake

[@sundarchip]

"Main Sequence stars can range from 1/10th the mass of the sun to about 8 times its mass"? Didn't get that part. Do you mean main sequence stars that would eventually become white dwarfs?

[@davidmcfadden1763]

cool, er i mean awesome!

[@PTNLemay]

If the white dwarfs are composed of degenerate matter plasma, how will they cool? Will they maintain that density as they cool? Will it create some kind of... stable super dense crystal? Can you have a solid plasma, or will the black dwarf be made up some kind of atoms (and if so, which ones?)

[@deepastronomy]

They cool from just radiant heat, nothing new is created there. There's nothing to break it apart since it is held in place by gravity so they keep their density. Will be a very strange object.

[@NeonsStyleHD]

You should take a look at Space Engine. You could use it to make beautiful space footage. It includes the entire universe, with planets (and mountains/rivers/lakes) around just about every star in the universe (procedurally generated outside those that we know about). Just google it. Nothing to do with me though.

[@deepastronomy]

Will do, others have suggested it too. I've also been wanted to use Worldwide Telescope but that requires a Windows machine and I don't have one yet. Thanks, I'll take a look!

[@NeonsStyleHD]

Deep Astronomy Ahhh well I think you might need a windows machine for this too. Take a look, I'm not sure.

[@icwiz]

I thought red dwarfs are the dominate type of star in the universe. I think i remember that from your clip on that.

[@youforiktv1691]

icwiz it is he just goofed up

[@youforiktv1691]

icwiz 90%of stars are red dwarfs

[@jaydenparks2502]

Youforik TV that's an overestimate 76 percent of stars are red dwarfs

[@ciaravalentine9619]

The music and guy's voice is so calming :D

[@BenjaminMankowski]

I know right? Kind of makes the death of all the stars in the universe not seem so bad.

[@listen2meokidoki264]

If a White Dwarf star is collapsed atoms, they must be held together densely by its gravity. So, what would be the distribution of ELEMENTS? What would be the largest atom? Obviously no Uranium.

[@j7ndominica051]

Maybe the civilization will be able to prevent these inaccessible stars from forming by moving and merging enough stars to create a pair instability supernova. Describing a star as living a life and dying in expressive language isn't that precise. Maybe a planet such as earth is then a "corpse" too once it has solidified, perhaps until radio active decay is still happening, it is a zombie or similar.

[@jugulator0]

Hiding in the blackness of eternity...Eternity will allow entropy to reduce a black dwarf to zero..Until all matter is gone and the last photon expires... The universe remains unchanging.... Time ceases to exist...Brian Cox

[@amisfitpuivk]

Wait a minute... If white Dwarfs are the most stable stars and last for hundreds of billions of years, don't they have the highest potential to create and sustain life on a nearby planet? or would the earlier red giant stage of the star consume the planets that are in the future-white-dwarf's habitable zone?

[@ali31101986]

your voice is amzing

[@sneakycactus8815]

Do you think eventually, one would be able to stand on one? Well. Not stand but touch it? Eventually it will be cool enough right?

[@bananian]

one wizardy boi It's still super dense, so the gravity will still crush you instantly.

[@sneakycactus8815]

bananian well yeah, but im saying take away all risks, would it eventually get cool enough to touch?

[@ErnestJay88]

Our sun might be second or third generation star, meanwhile our universe are just a "baby" right now, since it takes quintillion years until we met the second "dark ages" (first dark ages are just few million years after the Big Bang where first star wasn't born)

[@ashhalcyon]

Aren't dwarf stars just the core of the star with out the layers?

[@arte0021]

why do they cool so slowly?

[@awoodenoof9093]

arte0021 because only the very outermost layer of the star can cool, and heat can olny be lost to radiation, which is incredibly slow.

[@greatcesari]

Knowing that white dwarf stars eventually cool to black dwarfs. What does a neutron star eventually become?

[@jaydenparks2502]

CEsar black dwarfs also

[@SomalianDuke]

Nice, but what im thinking about is when Its fully cooled down, if you would be able to land on one. Dont really know about the gravity, but imagine If people were still alive so faar in time how it would be to explore one :0

[@nidan206]

so all of our atoms will be part of the the dwarf star?

[@verpaule]

A black sun sounds cool though

[@adolfotapiagallardo]

no entiendo inglés: traducción!!!

[@pedropena880]

Want to compliment your narrative skills they are superb, way above and beyond the average channel and better than some professional channels here. If not doing it already, you should do this professionally!🙃🙂

[@leighedwards]

I thought Red Dwarf stars far outnumber stars like our sun - by 5 to 1?

[@bluesrocker91]

I think he was talking about the fact our Sun is a main sequence star, along with the majority of other stars in the universe, including Red Dwarves.

[@Royaleah]

At what temperature does it become 'black'?

[@MisterCactus777]

when visible light stops radiating off of it I would imagine

[@3800S1]

below 450-500ºC

[@UkDave3856]

+vkorinfsky isn't absolute zero, the point at which there is zero thermal energy, -275°c?

[@TheCommandFreak]

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_zero

[@George83_Thomas]

I’d guess when it radiates less heat than the background temperature of the universe

[@adamthornton7880]

So presumably there will be a period in the far future in which the surface of the sun has about the same area and about the same temperature as Earth's does now.

[@deepastronomy]

That's right, some 5 billion years from now.

[@TheLostBear78]

+Deep Astronomy He said temperature, so add some zeros on there. ;)

[@pedropena880]

Same size yes, but not temperature, well in billions of years after "white dwarf stage", probably.

[@CavePony]

the sad story is that the human race probably won't be around anymore before black dwarf actually start appearing.

[@StarContract]

Nice sci fi voice

[@alexanderhawk2659]

degenerate era....uggrahaha. I think we are in one right now

[@-KillaWatt-]

Lol. True true

[@deepastronomy]

In so many ways :-)

[@herculesrockefeller2984]

Earth is a cube! Space is faked by nasa in Stanley Kubrick's swimming pool! Jesus is coming back any day now! Wake up you shill!

[@-KillaWatt-]

Hercules Rockefeller troll level over 10000000

[@ErizotDread]

Forget that, it's MY anus, not Uranus! haha

[@CavePony]

ssspppppppaaaaacccceee

[@lasagnahog7695]

How will the black dwarves decay?

[@y__h]

if proton do decay, they will too.

[@materiasacra]

Yes, if. The experimental lower bound on proton decay time is currently 10^34 years.

[@vincaman5664]

AStronomyMR

[@drago22x]

you sound almost like William Shatner🤔

[@ajaykumarsingh702]

Can we walk on Black dwarf ?

[@deepastronomy]

No, the gravity on the surface would be very strong.

[@ajaykumarsingh702]

Deep Astronomy I thought that high Gravity of such stars are formed because of the fusion process which fuels the stars which keep compressing the atoms closely responsible for high density and Gravity. My question is - Shouldn't high Gravity also be diminished once the star is cooled down completely into a Black dwarf ?

[@deepastronomy]

No because the heat from the white dwarf isn't what's causing the gravity. Once the white dwarf cools into a black dwarf, the underlying mass of the star doesn't change. It is still a tightly packed sphere, just cold. White dwarfs aren't creating their own energy, just dissipating what's left over when the star dies.

[@gnovice]

Wow, 1 view.

[@thulyblu5486]

The view/like/comment system does not work simultaneously worldwide. Meaning that there is a delay between someone viewing it in India and when this view is shown on the counter as seen from the USA. -> You can never be sure to be the first to view or even comment.

[@drusafa]

HOW DO WE KNOW THAT THE UNIVERSE IS TOO YOUNG FOR THOSE BLACK DWARF STARS... WW CANT SEE THE EDGE OF THE UNIVERSE SO HOW DO WE KNOW THAT THE UNIVERSE IS 17-18 BILLION YEARS OLD. PLUS BLACK DWARF STARS WOULDN'T SHINE SO WE WOULDN'T EVEN BE ABLE TO DETECT THEM... =_= AND IM ONLY 12...

[@rockgamesbr4]

Yes, we cant see the edge of the universe, but we know where it came from, and that way we know its age, and we wouldnt see the star, but its gravity its so extremely powerfull, that we could see the deformation of light around it, just like a black hole..... sorry for the bad english im brazilian

[@drusafa]

rockgamesbr4 Tru didn't think about that...

[@shoumikadhikary9193]

JCannon465 The last sentence makes you sound more stupid.

[@pcgamer8470]

this is so boring

[@thebanananer2652]

Then don't watch it.Not smart enough to understand the video or even think about not to watching it.