How are Microchips Made? 🖥️🛠️ CPU Manufacturing Process Steps

[@BranchEducation]

Also, if you have any questions on the video or semiconductor fabrication, I'd be happy to answer them here. This video took an incredible amount of work to make. Me (Teddy T.) and a few other animators (Mike R., Prakash K., Adrei D., and Parvesh K.) have been working non-stop on this video for the past 4.5 months. If you want more videos like this one support our Patreon: www.patreon.com/brancheducation Q: Why do we use older components e.g. i9-13900K, or the 3090GPU, or Iphone 13 Pro. A: We purchase broken (typically 1 generation old) components from EBay and tear them open to model them. Q: Is binning done with all the chips? A: Well GPUs are also binned, for example the 3090ti, 3080ti, 3090 and 3080 are all the same chip design called GA102. Whereas DRAM chips are not typically binned, but rather due to the redundancy of DRAM, there are typically extra array structures beyond the capacity of the chip. If cells in an array fail, then they are replaced with the redundant cells. When a chip runs out of redundancy it's considered defective and thrown out. Beyond that chips are binned based on quality and interface speed capability. Thank you @JoeLion55 for the correction. Q: Marcel151 asked: The transistor layer, sits it more at the bottom or at the top of the CPU? A: JoeLion55 answered: During construction on the wafer, the transistors are built first, directly on the surface of the silicon wafer. Then all of the metal interconnect layers are built on top. This all happens on the original wafer, with hundreds of dies on the wafer. So when in wafer form, the transistors are on the bottom, and the metal is on the top. However, during the packaging process, after the dies are cut apart from the wafer, the die is flipped over and mounted upside-down onto the package substrate. This is because the pins are on the bottom of the package (the pins that go into the socket on the motherboard). The pins on the package need to connect to the top metal layer on the die, which is what allows external signals to enter and exit the die. So, the die is flipped over so the top metal layer is now facing down, and is soldered to the package substrate. So technically, when you have a final "chip" that you install in a motherboard, when you're looking at the top of the chip where the heatspreader is, if you had X-ray vision and could see through the top of the chip, you would be looking at the backside of the die. The backside of the die is pure silicon. Then, if you keep looking through, you would find the transistor layers next. Then keep digging and you'd go through all of the metal layers, then finally you'd reach the interposed and package board. Q: elektronikk-service asked: How do you align the different layers in a chip? They cannot be off by more than a few nm. A: Joe Lion55 responds: they layers have alignment makes built in. Those are little cross or X-shaped structures that are non functional (they’re not part of any live circuit). But when the lithography machine is putting down a new layer, it will find the alignment marks from the previous layer and adjust the wafer position and/or the scanner optics until the alignment marks are in the right place. Q: Someone asked about low die yield for small nanometer transistors, and was it just particles that resulted in low die yield? A: For new technology nodes, which are the smallest nanometer names for the transistors- Typically low die yield is due to getting exact parameters for the process steps correct. For example, when FinFets were first being developed, a etching pillars of silicon was incredibly difficult and designing / engineering / and then fine tuning the etchers to perfectly etch billions of fins in perfect fin structures is wildly difficult and is what contributed to low die yield. This is just one of the processes but the example applies to practically all other processes for the a new node. For example, when you do ion implantation, you need to evenly implant about 5-10 atoms of boron / phos to a specific region of the fin. Well, what happens if there are just 2 dopant atoms? Or what about 50?

[@VariantAEC]

I've been considering concepts of mobile fabrication plants, meaning making logic chips in a plant that can fit inside something that can be moved in several parts if needed; optimally, in a single trailer which was a stretch even with what I did already know. Most of what I know about these procedures comes from free publicly available information that doesn't cover all these steps. If there is no better way to make logic chips (APUs and more), then I'm not sure it would be possible to improve upon this. That said, I still don't know why the water and possibly some solvents used in cleaning processes can not be recycled (even though I understand purification would take extra energy no matter what method is used). This idea was on the back-burner, so I didn't put in this type of careful research into actually making mobile fabrication plants a reality. Maybe certain types of chips could still be made with mobile chip fabrication plants?

[@TheTysonPeaks]

We know. And we thank you greatly.

[@BranchEducation]

@@VariantAEC One machine, such as the ion implanter is the size of a 2 car garage. It is shipped in shipping containers and takes a weeks to install, test and get up and running. Then it also needs to be in a cleanroom which takes billions of dollars to build in itself.

[@INTJ791]

So how to relate this video with samsung 5 nanometer failure low yield in 2021-2022, or low yield in general, is it simply because of dust or mistake in photolayering?

[@VariantAEC]

@@BranchEducation I understand the size and scope of these machines currently. My question is why they need to be that big in the first place? I also understand the layouts of some of thess facilities... lots of empty space. Could that all be reduced greatly to make one type of chip? Could we use one pint of pure water to clean on wafer at a time - for certain cleaning steps - and recycle that same pint almost indefinitely?

[@pufflonn]

This channel deserves millions upon millions of views… the animations and graphics are better than anything I’ve seen ever.

[@unvergebeneid]

But the narrator doesn't understand the subject matter and when he screws up, there's no take two.

[@vermillion4971]

True.

[@modernkangal]

Yeah this is just insane, the level of research, the level of skill for the animation, the level of skill for explaining it and the great narrating voice. I wish I had the power to even get these animations played in school

[@wilkinsune]

It's just a matter of time until it does. Shockingly good quality videos always get the attention they deserve.

[@BariumCobaltNitrog3n]

Consider the view count the number of people intelligent enough to understand and curious enough to stay engaged for half an hour of dense, complex material. People like you.

[@aarrodri]

I work at a semiconductor company , and have taught this lesson to many junior engineers , but never with this kind of amazing visual aids. This video is top notch! 👏👏👏👏👏 Bravo!

[@humanityeliteschool9407]

this fake video manifests the degradation of society. quantum laws apply below 5 nanometers.... rly? bravo! except under any microscope the tiniest part of the most advanced microchip is several hundred nanometers and the surface of those discs cannot be polished at 1nanometer accuracy, thats blatant lie. purpose of this video is to show how difficult it is to produce advanced chips so others do not ever try... low marketing trick. sad if not tragic.

[@Suiitam]

I'm interest in semiconductor ❤

[@Dagnostic]

I'm a quartz glassblower based in the UK. I fabricate various parts for the semiconductor industry... Furnace liners, wafer carriers, injectors to name a few. I asked the boss that I'd love to see how all of the fabricated parts I make are used, so he managed to arrange a visit to a semiconductor factory who we supply parts for and they were kind enough to give us a tour of their factory. A few of us spent the day there in our space suits and I was simply blown away by all the processes involved.. plus it was cool to see the quartz parts in use. Such an awesome industry, it was a great day out!

[@Siduy]

50 dollas is the amount of money my grandma sends me for christmas, are you this guys gramma?

[@Garde538]

No thanks back 😂 💀💀💀

[@AkliSa]

My guy casually drops one of the most detailed KZbin videos on HOW PROCESSORS ARE MADE and act like we wouldn't notice. This channel is incredible

[@неамериканец-н1в]

u speaking skibidi language

[@GoodGuyRuska-]

@@неамериканец-н1в 😂

[@folk_the_animator]

@@неамериканец-н1в skibidibapmdara

[@ojciecwasz7169]

@@неамериканец-н1в True

[@Markos581973]

Your guy?

[@hisgreatness2]

I'm a Computer Engineer and I remember us designing a very simple transistor logic gate chip back in the day in college and I loved every second of it. I also used to work in a semiconductor company with very similar processes so I completely understand the protocols and processes involved. Watching this video brings me back to those days. Thanks for creating this video!

[@jeroku18]

Bro that's so cool 😮

[@onieyoh9478]

Best video I've ever seen explaining CPU production.

[@PraveenKumar-fs6of]

Absolutely

[@musicplus6306]

Lol it's the only one

[@luminvade]

​@@musicplus6306Lol true!

[@ciCCapROSTi]

You must not watch many videos about it then. It's decent, but far from the best.

[@teamredstudio7012]

@@musicplus6306 Oh really? I must have dreamt watching many other videos years back. Thanks for letting me know I've been living a lie!

[@AIdle42]

As a retired technician, working with semiconductor fabrication line for 27 years. This the best and details explanation. Thank you.

[@bartleyt7358]

What an endorsement!

[@ShegerBusiness]

Where to start to be a semiconductor technician?

[@mineton1293]

@@ShegerBusiness At least at the fab I'm at, an associates in engineering (mechanical or electrical) is enough to be a technician maintaining the tools. Honestly, just apply and see if they accept. At worst they say no.

[@FallenLight0]

Guys, so the i9 i7 i5 i3 are all the same chip but the difference between them are the amount of defective parts? So those Intel CPU without Integrated Graphics actually have integrated graphics but it just doesn't work due to the problems during production?

[@purbayansarkar]

@@FallenLight0 You are partially correct, generally during the design stage itself they have some hard switches(kind of shutdown switches/logic) added to each block in the design to disable them(doesn't matter if the ic is faulty or not), the advantage of this method is that they don't have to redesign the whole circuit for different lineup(That's why you will see their Idle power/base power to be in close neighbourhood like for example all 14th gen i7, i5, i9 have same base power). Coming to the detective part point, it is also one of the best method to save cost instead of scraping. But defects are not very common generally during the design stage the chips are designed in such a way that yield is more than 95%, preferably 99%.

[@Feldsvendark]

I am speechless about this immensely clear and yet overwhelming graphical representation and the yet understandable explanations. You are doing a fantastic job!!

[@Vile_Entity_3545]

What humans have accomplished is beyond words. Also one man does not know how the whole process works. It is a collaboration of different companies that bring it all together. One mines the commodities to make the machines and buildings. Others design and builds the buildings, whilst another builds the machines. Then you have the programmers and designers of the chips. Also the maintenance guys for when the machines break down etc etc.

[@Dr.Kraig_Ren]

​@@Vile_Entity_3545we started out with simple stuff, and it got complex as we kept improving and adding stuff. All of humanity's developments are responsible for semiconductors. Even the discovery of fire!😅

[@onestepahead1857]

Greatly detailed video wow yes thank you. Wow yes. Yes.

[@griffindragon3562]

Yep

[@SethiozProject]

i knew how micro processors were made, but watching this video was still interesting. the level of detail is quite good, however what i was really hoping to see on this video, when clicking on it, is not the concept of CPU, but how the machines actually work. i mean seeing the real machines work.

[@sarahschlindwein603]

Never truly appreciated the scale in which these chips are built. Absolutely amazing!!

[@Borism907]

I will never ever complain about a processor being over priced again. This was just amazing.

[@sootuckchoong7077]

When I see how this is made, I think how God created everything, big and small.

[@pokepoke1889]

@@sootuckchoong7077But this was artificially made wasn’t it??

[@luxaly9510]

@@sootuckchoong7077 god didnt do this... it was engineers that design the cpus ...

[@itizme8072]

I use to think the same thing. For years I looked at AMD and Intel chips and thought how hard could it possibly be. Then I see this. lol.

[@TheWasian]

@@luxaly9510yea bro I honestly hate when people say this, like people are entitled to their own beliefs and that but this is a human achievement not a god thing, it took thousands of human minds working together to create this thing that 99.9% of the word cannot even fathom. It’s the same with surgery’s, when they says thank god or pray to god for a safe surgery, it wasn’t god saving them it was the doctors and surgeons who put hundreds or even thousands of hours studying and mastering their craft

[@world-best-computer-scientist]

I am a Staff Engineer at Samsung Semiconductor. This is the best video I've ever seen, including all the educational content from Samsung.

[@RobRocks01]

Fix the heating and make better chips!

[@uknwn7023]

u sure?​@@RobRocks01

[@mr.rishideshmukh2061]

​@@RobRocks01😂

[@FallenLight0]

So the i9 i7 i5 i3 are all the same chip but the difference between them are the amount of defective parts? So those Intel CPU without Integrated Graphics actually have integrated graphics but it just doesn't work due to the problems during production?

[@Der.Geschichtenerzahler]

@@FallenLight0 that's what I understood as well. It's a broken egg sold at a cheaper price.

[@garybusto4070]

Everyone’s saying “omg the animations”.. but seriously holy sh*t! The hours and hours that it takes to pull off stuff like this. Things we’re enjoying in 10 seconds took 4 hours.

[@maynardburger]

Semiconductor manufacturing is legitimately the most complex and crazy thing humans have ever engineered and produced. Like, even rocket science pales in comparison in most ways. There's other super complex fields like neurobiology and whatnot, but nothing in terms of what people are actually putting into practice and MAKING.

[@mkv1.wood1]

Especially the transistor holy fkc

[@campc1]

3 Months

[@wade3owais819]

What about the quantum computers? They are surely more complex than that​@@maynardburger

[@abrahamdomingo8239]

@@wade3owais819 have you seen quantum computers? I imagine they took a while to make but it's got like 1000 qubits and are about 20 feet across. Like you can see each of the tubes leading to where. Chips are unequivocally more complex. We make a big hoopla about quantum computers but they suck pretty bad for what they are. Like it's amazing what they could be, especially if we continue trying to make them better, but they're pretty shit. Calling them a computer is like calling a couple logic gates a calculator.

[@s.t.8170]

the animations leave me speechless and the script deserves a oscar. world-class fusion of words and pictures. bravo. absolutely bravo.

[@Omniassassin7]

In a world where the internet is filled with absolute idiocy, this video exists as a testament to why it could possibly be the single greatest invention in human history. Thank you, you are doing the world a service.

[@bloodaid]

1% of the population upholds the survival of the 99%

[@charliedoyle7824]

As a dedicated and hardworking internet idiot, I object to your harsh attack on me and my people! And everybody knows that plastic is the greatest invention in human history! Where would civilization be without it?

[@INTJ791]

​​@@charliedoyle7824without internet, most people will still cope with primitive religion, information is more precious than one substance

[@reapersasmr5483]

Yeah but there is far two few of us that understand this stuff or even care about it

[@JussiTorres]

​@@INTJ791 Hey bro, I'm religious and I'm currently studying systems engineering, my father is a physicist. Not cool bro.

[@RealHorsen]

I think this is your best video yet. Well done everyone who worked on it

[@BranchEducation]

Thanks! I appreciate it!

[@devanshsingh7888]

One of the rare videos that makes youtube the best free learning platform

[@herculeanhero6192]

I’ve always believed education should be free, and this is the reason why. This video took 1300 hours to create, yet it’s being shared at no cost, allowing everyone to learn about how CPUs are made without barriers. Knowledge should be accessible to all, regardless of financial means.

[@mingueihung]

As an engineer in semiconductor manufacturing industry, I want to say this is by far the best and detailed video to explain the IC manufacturing process. I can even tell which tool is which by looking at the animated pictures. The video production team really did a great job in the details.

[@michaelleahy7794]

An amazingly accurate presentation, might be as close as the normi can get to getting inside a fab

[@bhuvaneshs.k638]

​​@@michaelleahy7794 u need to apply for process engineer or Fabrication Engineer. Or also u can get into design part of it

[@zr2ee1]

Lol right, when they detail the LF generators on the producer GT's you know it's legit..hard to believe AMAT would have gave them the CAD's for those

[@bryomuch]

so you are the guys causing chip shortage😂😂

[@maynardburger]

Would have been so easy to get a lot of this stuff wrong, too. Sounds like they probably double checked their info with some expert to be sure, cuz no way some amateur fumbles their way through all this jargon and machinery and whatnot without messing up.

[@DizzyD_96]

I’m a carpenter, I know next to nothing about computers. But I do enjoy learning about all building processes large and small. Thanks for making a great video,

[@puppergump4117]

Well if this is great just wait until you start learning about the CPU architecture. Having 26 billion transistors means nothing, it's how they're connected that determines the logic and holy damn that logic is like a spaghetti factory, often using a single part for multiple things as well. And I don't even know that much yet.

[@mars.unleashed]

23:45 I wasn't expecting that CPUs are manufactured and labeled based on how many cores don't work. This was an incredible in depth video. Thank you for your efforts!

[@ModeratorPolice]

New Fear unlocked. Was not expecting that also.

[@firefreezer3165]

It is not always like that, sometimes you get an actual i7 or sometimes a defective i9, these companies Eg. Nvidia, Intel, AMD always launch their Higher end models first due to this reason - so that based on the yield & defects could accordingly launch the budget models

[@pwii]

back in the day there were tools and ways of unlocking the disabled cores on CPUs at the possible cost of instability (most of the times there was a reason why they were disabled), these days they made that pretty much impossible though

[@SourSoup87]

Yeah imagine going for a i9 instead of i7 or i5 but telling your buddy at store you want one that works, and send him the link of the video with time stamp...

[@suryansh3760]

it means im using i9 by the name of i3 😂

[@TacticalTrucker]

_Despite enduring an extensive series of monotonous videos elucidating the inner workings of central processing units, a simmering spark of fascination has perennially ignited within me, albeit subtly._ _This latest exposition, however, stands unparalleled in its depth and educational richness, compelling me to transition from a passive observer to an active supporter. The clarity and comprehensive nature of this presentation not only enriched my understanding but also instilled a profound appreciation for the intricate dance of electrons that power our digital world._ _Consequently, I am inspired to contribute financially to your channel, viewing this donation not merely as a transaction, but as an investment in the continued dissemination of knowledge that bridges the gap between complex technology and the curious minds eager to comprehend it._

[@parakhpatel93]

University where take thousands of dollars to give education but this channel give increadible free knowledge with single click, hats of you🙏

[@jean-pierresteenberg]

only in america, this is basics 2nd year cs in CA

[@valeryt1997]

college is a scam.

[@Force05289]

University gives you the background context is truly understand the field.

[@xbeta84]

Over the last 30-yrs working in this industry, this is the best video for anyone to watch and understand how chips were made! Absolutely perfect!

[@ciCCapROSTi]

Asianometry is better.

[@INTJ791]

​​@@ciCCapROSTithis channel is better for animation and general knowledge, asianometry more like insight news

[@jdrevenge]

Semiconductor manufacturing engineer here. Well done, folks. This is the best video of its kind that I've seen. I'm sharing it with a ton of people I work with and it's my new go-to for when people ask what I do. I'm especially impressed at the models of all of the processing tools. Spot on.

[@maximusasauluk7359]

The dude literally made one of the best scientific pieces of Human history, it's literally the epitome of human technology, the most complex thing we have and probably will ever make. Despite being the best example of Human ingenuity, most people have no idea where the things powering their phones and laptops come from, not anymore with this video.

[@puppergump4117]

@@maximusasauluk7359 I still have no clue what is being stenciled onto the thing

[@thebruckners]

Would love it if you could briefly explain how the photomasks are created.

[@Good_Username]

I have never seen an educational video better than this. Hands down this is insanely well made!! No one will ever make a better video than you guys regarding this topic! This will be shown across all educational school systems! Great work!

[@chaussures_sacados]

After more than 4 years working in a cleanroom, I've never seen such a clear and faithful explanation. Simply unbelievable. Congrats!

[@SamStudious]

You got to work in a cleanroom!! This seems so cool to me, I want to research what training/skills I need to work there

[@KaneBear1]

What you are doing is revolutionary. No one has ever made a video about microchip manufacturing this deep.

[@erikboris8478]

I work at a small electronics manufacturing company at the PCBA and box build level. Some of the equipment we produce is involved in IC development. I find this video really helpful in explaining the chip manufacturing process and the importance of our work to our operators. Will send a link to everyone in my team :) Btw, this video was what finally made me sign up for Brilliant, after many years of nagging from youtubers.

[@MarcoRobles2001]

What kind of background do you have to have to do that?

[@Penly123]

@@MarcoRobles2001 You just need to click on the "Thanks" button below the video and enter your Visa for payment.

[@TONT4320]

I don't have anything to say that hasn't been said. I'm just commenting for the engagement because you guys deserve it. Astonishing detail in every aspect of this video.

[@minecraftcasualgame6912]

It's crazy how this video is free to everyone. Thank you.

[@zacanessha]

Literally. The fact that i’m sleep deprived & still understood. Amazing stuff!

[@SETHthegodofchaos]

This is what the internet was made for. What insane production quality. Very well done!

[@Eternith]

I recently fell into a rabbit hole about fabs and found this video just in time. Absolutely mind blowing how humans are capable of this, and most of us are clueless about this incredible feat of engineering powering the phones and computers we use daily.

[@Godsfavouriteidiot_]

Honestly the only time I’ve ever considered reverse engineering. I feel very Neanderthal right now

[@Kikikikenokeno]

​@pyropulseIXXIum thats a big assumption

[@acomedybyec1437]

@pyropulseIXXI alien sorcery that is….

[@javierandres8204]

Alien technology

[@elenipetrakou2648]

Exactly, my friend Eternith! This achievement should be considered on par with the pyramids. The general public should akcnowledge what phenomenal times we live in and have created (when not trying to inflict as much pain as possible, at the same time, of course).

[@ScimitarGaming]

literally nobody explained this process in such detail, mainstream science channels always made it seem so simple, though in reality it is much more complex and interesting. I always wondered that they are not telling the full truth, that was true. I am so grateful to you for making this video. Animation and narration are as always, excellent.

[@black56night]

5 people working away for 4.5+ months of work, utterly spoiling us for almost 30 minutes, is way more than the 3 months for the build of the single wafer you highlighted! Your work deserves an Oscar (if there was such an equivalent) in this type of video production. Honestly I hope this channel will serve the next generation of EEs, Mech Eng, Comp Eng and CS majors graduating and enhance their knowledge. Absolutely phenomenal work. Thank you so much for your efforts and I can not wait to see what you have planned for us next. 😊

[@Runeknight101]

The quality and clarity are unmatched on this platform. This channel's videos should be shown in schools.

[@afrosaxon]

They could replace schools

[@manojkumarkm2036]

Now please respect engineers, and this video took 54 days, 4 hours and effort. One of the worthy video i ever saw and its free. Great work👏 .

[@anonuser2455]

As a mechanical guy with background in aerospace manufacturing, this information was packaged so well that I hardly had to rewind to understand the concepts. Clear, concise, detailed illustrations with no nonsense to filter through. Astounding work. The internet can be so fruitful. How far we've come from refrigerator size memory units to consolidating generations worth of tools like cameras, typewriters and computers into a handheld ask-me-anything device. And to think it all comes from crushed rocks, conceptualized by people who couldn't fathom where we would be today or even stumbled upon certain properties by accident. Inquisitive souls loyal to the pursuit of truth, doing their diligence putting in years of their lives standing on the shoulders of giants to gift us even one of incalculable scientific advances that made the next one possible so that we could one day take what they discovered and produce this magnicifently capable and versatile tool that talks in 1s and 0s. A true marvel of engineering, and we use it to view images of kittens. The dichotomy of man.

[@ALLforROME]

I'm pretttttttty sure kittens is code for porn 👌

[@KapilLanjewar2024]

As an Embedded Systems Engineer who works on microcontrollers, it's refreshing to see how the CPUs are made. We embedded engineers take these Engineering Marvel for granted without realizing the efforts that go into making chips out of sand (aka Silicon). Kudos to the entire Branch Education Team for making Science, Technology and Engineering accessible for free to everyone around the world! We need more of Branch Education ❤

[@AudioVideo_IT]

Me Too!

[@akhilnikhil773]

Semiconductor Manufacturing is indeed the most complex and high precision job for any engineer, it is the work of 100s of scientists and engineers that made this world possible. One of the best videos I had ever seen on this complicated process. Love you man ❤

[@brodriguez11000]

Even with there are details still left out. It's that complicated.

[@ArslanSattar-v5b]

Leftios of system sheet right iOS of system sheet ramed copid window hard to hard wafer data and window copy files data games saved at rams pins a straight a straight.

[@ArslanSattar-v5b]

8 second comp 24hp

[@scotthall2462]

This may be the single most important channel on all of KZbin I stg

[@dhruvmehta10]

Best semiconductor manufacturing animation video I saw on KZbin

[@whisk8700]

Microchips are such a sci-fi level of technology it's incredible

[@ThmsDouglas]

Seriously I have no idea how someone figured this out lol.

[@dominikm8087]

It's just insane how long it must have taken the researchers to figure out how to build all these different machines and what parameters they have to use to fabricate a functioning chip. What's also insane is how incredible the quality of these videos are. It is truly great to have such high-quality material to get a first insight into how different topics work.

[@puppergump4117]

As always they started big. Then made improvements in all aspects which qualitatively evolved it. The CPU in particular has an immensely wide array of applications so any manner of improvement on the CPU can probably improve a lot of other systems as well. And so the cycle continues until people forget they left the graphics cards and motherboards behind oops.

[@sorena5542]

The reason I try to repair my old phones and old laptops was because of this! The feeling I get when I get to make something work again and billions of transistors was in the palm of my hand.

[@pwang33ece]

As a 20yr tech vet with a graduate degree in EE, who started his career in semiconductor process tech and chip reliability, this is the best most well done/informative video on this topic I’ve ever seen. This can be shown in a freshman semiconductor course to help folks visualize that’s actually happening without sacrificing details. The quality of the video really reflects your effort

[@eddiel1538]

Hi I am 60 years old electronics technician, I used many semiconductors in my life but never looked in to technology that makes them. Your video is incredible, thank you very much. 👍👍🇦🇺

[@helloitsamie6214]

How much is the salary?

[@dakdak3331]

Not your business young man ​@@helloitsamie6214

[@ManurKini]

This kind of research, animation, correct content delivery deserves applause.

[@soroushkhodaii5548]

More than 8 man months of effort went into this and honestly it shows. The quality is top notch. Thank you so much.

[@raghavsinghal1885]

The amount of tech that has gone into this is insane. The devices that we use everyday are a testament to immense human capabilities. The fact that us humans can even conceive of making something like this which is so so complicated let alone actually manufacture it is mind blowing. Kudos to computer scientists and chip manufacturers! Seems way more intense than making a rocket.

[@esecallum]

AND NERDS AND GEEKS AND

[@Digi20]

a rocket engine actually is a super simple thing - you can basically build one in the backyard and even figure out best nozzle designs etc with trial and error. the hard part is to improve it to a point where it runs stable inside very tiny thresholds extremely close to the physical properties of the used materials without blowing itself to pieces...and then improve it even further.

[@adawg3032]

Idk who animated this, but give him or her, or the team, a damn raise. That was epic.

[@SethiozProject]

well they've made about 3000 usd from this video alone and it's only been 3 weeks. + the money from sponsor (brilliant). on youtube, 1 million views is worth anywhere between 1000 - 3000 usd. you might think for 1300 hours of work it's not that much, but it's not only video on the channel. this video will be getting views for at least next 10 years

[@beanfant_jesus]

I work in the semiconductor industry, specifically with chemical vapor deposition tools. I've been to one of these fabs and it's truly staggering how insanely complex, large and secretive it is. I had very little knowledge about how the entire chip-making process is, and this video goes a long way. I'm sharing this with my coworkers for sure!

[@SignOne]

I want to cry. Living in an era with such incredible technology and be able to learn and appreciate all of it through a videos like the ones you make. All of it has spawned in such a short time if looking at the first transistor made in 1947. It's totally mind blowing and inspiring

[@tomfahey2823]

I literally felt the same. It really felt like watching the culmination of my entire post highschool education being played out in brilliant detail, all within a 28 minute video.

[@daleschroeder232]

I have been working with and repairing computers for almost 30 years. I've done a lot of study and have kept up with most facets of the industry. I have never come across a video series that explains, so clearly, the details of the chip manufacturing process. I will make sure to have all my colleagues watch your wonderful presentations.

[@deepak_nigwal]

this is mainly because its always a closely guarded secret in the industry. Specially, the details of the masks, circuit interconnections, chip module layouts, etc are never shared in public. Even the factory tour requires special high level permission/ clearance. Some people who work in the industry which provide tools for chip manufacturers, such as ASML lithography, vapor deposition, etc have some idea what they do and how they do. Apart from this, this is an active area of research, and is published in well known journals as well, but being hidden behind the paywalls, the published research also stay away from the reach of general public. Edit : for those who want to dive deeper into the subject, there are dedicated channels which i would recommend - Asianometry (you will thank me later)

[@AndrewMcWinger]

I wish I had these videos 20 years ago)) How lucky the current generation of engineers-to-be are! This is pure gold. For free.

[@Ryuko15]

I am an aspiring engineer, at i have so much respect for you all

[@JRERewind1]

This channel is amazing. as a visual learner, these videos have increased my understanding of hardware in ways that textbooks quite frankly never would or could.

[@RizviRahman-i5u]

Working in the industry (photolithography) for over a decade, watching this on a Friday night, after a very busy work week. And still enjoyed it tremendously! Truly, kudos to BranchEducation team!!

[@wilhelmbittrich88]

What a neat job you have. How does one get into your line of work?

[@RizviRahman-i5u]

@@wilhelmbittrich88 a technical degree (masters or PhD), preferably in an area involving physical sciences or electrical engineering, a curious mind, and an ability to work in multinational/multidisciplinary teams :)

[@bryomuch]

so you are the guys causing chip shortage😂😂 we found one lads

[@trevorscott1929]

Words fail me at the complexity of this manufacturing process. The video is nothing short of the best I've ever seen. Congratulations to all those who made it happen.

[@marklevin5303]

I work in the semiconductor industry, and this video is simply AMAZING! The clarity in the explanations about complex topics was masterfully done! The animations / models were top notch and accurate. I was even able to pick out my colleagues tools! Looking forward to the next set of videos!!!

[@ryovacuum3482]

as an engineer of one of the processes, this video is the best video explaining everything related to semiconductor manufacturing i have ever watched. excellent video, excellent modelling, excellent scripts

[@USER1.01.01]

chill dude you guys are inane😮‍💨😮‍💨

[@izzadabdullah5565]

@@USER1.01.01 yeah these guys are inane???🤔

[@wertdeg]

so you guys got this technology from aliens right?

[@kidik5461]

I was expecting some info on the PCM testing as well.

[@lyall3000]

One of the greatest youtube videos ever created, comprehensively explaining the greatest feat of human engineering ever accomplished. It doesn't get any better.

[@EnterSpacebar]

I was NOT expecting this when I clicked on this video. I was expecting a half-arsed documentary with some clueless journalist walking through the general areas of some old fab. This is INCREDIBLE. Having a background in embedded systems design, I knew a fair amount of how this stuff is done, but, good lord... the level of detail, the graphics, flow and animations in this video left me speechless! Whoever was involved in the research, scripting and production of this video - you've done an incredible job of it. I've turned on notifications for this channel. A first for me.

[@rogerstone3068]

Wait till you look through some of the others they've made. Try the hard-drive one. It is so complex it's scary. How can humans be SO clever with technology, and so stupid at other times? We are very very clever, but not very wise at all.

[@suparvpatel8784]

This video should be given highest level of excellence award amounts all the KZbinrs so far!

[@christophersostak9720]

How is this free content. TV channels and Programs don’t even make videos this good and detailed, let alone 30 minute high quality animated videos. I’m blown away and I wish this channel gets the attention it deserves. Fantastic content

[@alguti2000]

I've worked in the semiconductor industry for more than half of my life. I must say that this is the best video explaining how chips are made I ever watched. Excellent work!

[@julianzassenhaus2228]

Its crazy how clear these explanations are, I've not found a single other source that 'dumbs down' this process enough for a layman to understand it.

[@joaopaulodias9101]

Just commenting for engagement, i cannot figure out how much effort was needed to make this video. Good work everyone!

[@C3POtheDragonSlayer]

Gotta say the KZbin algorithm hit it out of the park recommending this channel to me

[@safdaralli2567]

MAN..I thought particle physics was mind boggling...BUT...this stuff is mind boggling and mind blowing times ten..I am truly awestruck at what it takes to make a microchip..I'm blown away. The men and women behind this are geniuses. Thank you to everyone for all the hours and effort that has made this video possible..this is beyond wonderful. I was first introduced to DUV machines on a radio program on NPR..at 3 o'clock in the morning..an interview with the then CEO of ASML...ever since then I have become more interested on the subject of microchips as a whole. Thank you so much for this video, I don't think I'll ever completely understand all about the fabrication processes but for sure I'll continue looking at great videos like this one to grow in my understanding of the subject. A heartfelt thank you.

[@maynardburger]

Particle physics are a big part of semiconductor research and understanding. Seriously, the amount of cross-expertise required for leading edge semiconductor manufacturing is insane.

[@bapakpamudji4186]

Dari bapak pamudjiid

[@bapakpamudji4186]

Bapak pamudjiid

[@Neomadra]

Microchip manufacturing is truly a marvel of engineering. Thank you so much for making this understandable for everyone, even dummies like me.

[@BranchEducation]

Thanks for helping out! I appreciate it!

[@monsterinio3924]

Whoa! This video was indeed superb and included a step-by-step analysis of CPU manufacturing. I myself was wondering how CPUs are made but the only source I had was the description in books and on the internet. I'm really delighted that someone took the time to visualize the whole manufacturing process in 3D.

[@61keystonirvana]

You have the ability to explain in 30 minutes what universities can't teach in a semester. This is by far the best 3D animation I've ever seen-better than Animagraffs. I'm in love with this channel. I'm a student today, but I'll definitely become a patron once I start earning. Thank you once again!

[@x-gamessimulator1067]

The problem is that animagrafs are generalized! The information is not very precise. How so? Precise in the sense of going deeper into the subject.

[@DhairyaKasundra]

As a retired assistant manager in the tsmc chip building facility, I can confirm everything said here in this video is accurate and the animation is top notch, it really helps the next generation to learn things. P.s. which animation software do you use

[@deepak_nigwal]

i think they mentioned it in one of their previous videos long time ago, Blender...

[@CreamyCornCob]

Theres a hundred of these "how things are made" on YT. NONE LIKE THESE. What a joy, simply perfect. GPU is a great one too.

[@jihan0044]

you all worked so hard, you're so much appreciated

[@fryz9069]

As someone who is working as IC designer, this is the best explanation and visuals of chip fabrication I have ever seen. And surprisingly accurate for a video intended for general audience. Keep up the good work!!

[@Lumbago_47]

i am now convinced the people that make these chips and the equipment to make them come from time travelling wizards from a distant futuristic version of our planet

[@Runeknight101]

nah they reverse engineered it from crashed alien ships

[@eliadbu]

A lot of work and a lot of people over decades create this amazing and complexed process that is shown here, it takes people from varying engineering and design disciplines to create the process and the tools, and it just improves (and get more complexed) over the years, ofc there is heavy use of software like CAD a EDA and automation.

[@sologmr9007]

Can you imagine there is only one company called ASML(Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Lithography) that makes the most expensive($170m) tool "EUV photolithography" shown in the video.............they must have some alien tech reverse engineering happening behind the gate😂

[@cybercat1531]

Nah fuck you guys for generalising my work into "Its Aliens".

[@eliadbu]

@@cybercat1531 I'm with you, even though their intentions are good. A lot of hard work is put into making this happen.

[@lightblade_minecraft8733]

I cannot even begin to explain how interesting this is for me. I never could've guessed in 1000 years that a single transistor could be made so small so accurately. Thank you for making this video.

[@SergeyNeskhodovskiy]

What an amazing time to be alive. Not only am I able to use a computer, but I am also able to use it to download and view a video about how the computer is made.

[@RealCrafter645]

This channel is insane! Ever since the shader video I have been hooked. Keep up the work!

[@BranchEducation]

Glad you enjoy it!

[@NFLCommentary]

Branch Education is by far, one of the best technology channels in KZbin. The complexity, depth and quality of their videos are simply remarkable. I don’t remember how I found it but I’m very glad I did. I will share it as much as can.

[@SalcidioSal-gg3pr]

This team deserves a " graphics explanation Nobel "Great job and thank you for the effort doing this video for us .

[@invest-design3054]

Honestly this is the most detailed video I have ever watched. Being an engineer I greatly appreciate the time and energy used to create these videos. Much appreciation!

[@leadeeeeer]

The value that you are giving is just priceless! Deep thanks from my heart!

[@BranchEducation]

Thank you for helping out! I appreciate it!

[@halcyo]

Honestly I'm blown away by how much you've educated me on this subject in just 25 or so min. The fact that I can say "I sorta understand how they do it" in that amount of time is a testament to how well you've explained and visualized the process. Instant subscribe and like!

[@attamahcelestine4263]

I will not survive for 10 minutes in a classroom trying to understand all that. This video shows that we all are visual learners, and our educational system needs a serious upgrade (or overhaul). Thank you Branch Education.

[@nagsen-kamble]

This is the very exact video I was looking for in last few months. I have seen 50+ videos on chip manufacturing but this is the best and exactly what I was looking for. Thanks for making this video. This is real knowledge.

[@Arnaz87]

Branch Engineering, you're one of the most valuable channels on KZbin. All the love you're getting from your public is well deserved!

[@marcgossling8260]

I work for a semi conductor company that may or may not have been mentioned in this video and I’ve asked people who work in the fab to explain to me how the chips are made. They made it more confusing to me. This video clearly explained the entire process so that anyone can understand and will help me explain to others how chips are made. Amazing video. 🎉❤

[@awesomeavionics1342]

This is the singular most helpful video on CPU design available. The quality of animation, the visuals, and the script really help boil down all of the mechanisms an processes involved in making a silicon die.

[@joemyk]

My whole university studies were about this. Even if I'm unemployed today, I'm still amazed by how a beautiful process CPU manufacturing is. The graphics used in this video are also out of this world.

[@ReadTheShrill]

Wow. The level of detail in this video is incredible. I've been a programmer for 30+ years, and I've been around tech since I was 12 (I'm in my 50s now). For 10 years I worked at a company that made EPROM programmers, so I've actually had to burn off the tops of chips with nitric acid to decipher features on the die, in order to figure out how to program them. And even I learned a few things watching this. You should be very proud of this video.

[@rafi_mota]

I have no experience in any process of this production. But I'm dead serious when I say that this is the BEST educational video on KZbin.

[@jakel7213]

I don't think I've ever seen a channel MORE deserving of it's viewers' support than this one. Genuinely top-tier all around.

[@fredthebulldog529]

Seriously, I literally liked, hit the bell icon to get all alerts, shared with a few of my friends, and became a patreon. I've never felt so moved to act on that request. Usually channels put out half baked mediocre content mixed damn Brilliant or NordVPN sponsorships and have the audacity to ask us to "subscribe, like, share!". KZbinrs of the world, look at what this channel is doing. This is how you earn your viewers true admiration.

[@prithviprakash1110]

Incredible level of detail. As someone who's studied CS and worked in the industry for a few years, this really was super insightful and useful.

[@fnx-2411]

This is truly the best educational video about semiconductor manufacturing I ever seen, and I say it as a PhD student who spends his time in a clean room. It is a must-see for everyone, you explain the greatest mankind achievement that even a five-year-old will understand. Thank you.

[@AdityaSingh-zb4ds]

Superb walkthrough.... Excellent Script writing.... Detailed Explanation for beginners.... You People nailed it.... This deserves a million views atleast

[@BranchEducation]

Thanks!! I appreciate it!

[@thebluehonu]

23:24 Honestly really interesting that the different bins are actually the same design with varying amounts of defects. It's natural to think that the lower bins are simply cheaper designs that are easier to manufacture, but that's not the case at all. Great video as always; probably the best, most in-depth, easiest-to-understand explanation on the entire internet. Something about the satisfying animation and slow but steady pacing/narration makes what should be a boring instructional video super entertaining.

[@BranchEducation]

Yeah, it also is done with GPUs. Like the 3090ti vs 3080ti vs 3090 vs 3080 are all the same design of chip called GA102. Interestingly, DRAM is not binned- because the chips are a lot smaller, the defective ones are just thrown away.

[@pabblo097]

Also designing a chip that has to work with various amounts of defects must be hard as hell.

[@demetriows1207]

​@pabblo097 so true 🤯 just blew my mind... not only designing a perfect chip but also designing the tolerances to keep imperfect ones as usable as possible 😮

[@bensemusx]

They aren’t all the same chip. Intel uses two designs for their current desktop chips. The i9 and i7 share a design and the i5 and i3 share a design. Same with Nvidia but they use even more designs. A 4090 and a 4050 don’t use the same chip.

[@duh4201]

This is absolutely crazy. I just keep thinking how on earth did we get to this level of manufacturing. The sizes and sheer number of steps is mind boggling

[@BadccVoid]

Unbelievable production. Very much looking forward to the successive videos.

[@EhwhatsthisO_O]

Omg 75$ and only 5 likes and no replies, lemme fix that!

[@walidelshahhat5822]

thanks

[@khuele2110]

❤❤❤

[@josephoduor2358]

Learnt more about chip manufacturing in this 26 minute video than in all 5 years of my undergraduate electrical engineering degree.

[@SerialBitBanger]

Same here!