Coordination Compounds | Concept Building Session | Explained by IITian | Jee Mains, Advance | NEET

Hello guys, in this video we are going to discuss coordination chemistry.
The compounds which retain their identities even when dissolved in water or in any other solvent where the properties are completely different from those of the individual components are called Coordination Compounds.
Coordination compounds example: [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3.
The transition metals are almost unique in their tendency to form coordination complexes. The tendency of cations of transition elements to form complexes is due to two factors;
These ions are very small in size and, therefore, have high positive charge density. This facilitates acceptance of lone pair of electrons from other molecules.
They have vacant orbitals and these orbitals have the appropriate type of energy to accept lone pair of electrons.
Complex Ion : An electrically charged ion which consist of a central metal atom/ion surrounded by a group of ions or neutral atom is termed as complex ion.
Example: Ni(NH3)6]+2 is a complex ion in which Ni+2 is the central metal atom surrounded by six ammonia molecules.
Central Ion and Ligand: The cation to which one or more neutral molecule are coordinated is called the Central Ionand the attached molecules are called Ligands.
Example: So in [Ni(NH3)6]+2 Ni+2 is the central ion surrounded by ammonia ligands.
Coordinate Number: The total number of ligands attached to a central metal ion/atom is called the CoordinateNumber of that particular ion.
Example: In complex ion [Cu(NH3)4]+2, 4 ammonia ligand are attached to the central metal ion Cu. Hence the coordination number of Cu+2 ion in above complex ion is 4.
Coordinate Sphere: The central metal ion together with molecules or ion coordinated to it is termed as Coordinate Sphere. It is written inside a “[ ]” square bracket.
Example: [Ag(CN)2]- is a coordinate sphere.
Ion and the Ligands Coordinated to it.
Example: In complex ion [Cu(NH3)4]+2 , Cu+2 carries a charge of +2 and ammonia molecule is neutral ,hence the total algebraic sum of these two are +2 . Thus [Cu(NH3)4]+2 carries a charge of +2.
Types of Ligands
A ligand contains one or more than one donor atoms for coordination with the central ion, accordingly which is classified below:
Unidentate or Monodentate Ligand: The ligands which can donate only one pair of electrons and hence can only be coordinated to the central ion through only one atom, are known as Unidentate or Monodentate Ligand.
Example: NH3,H2O,Cl-, Br-,NO2- etc.
Bidentate Ligands: The ligands which have two donor atoms and hence have the tendency to attach with central ion through two donor atoms are called Bindentate Ligand.
Example: Oxlate anion, ethylenediamine etc.
Polydentate Ligands: The ligands which coordinates with the central ion through more than two donor atom present in the molecules are called Polydentate Ligands.
Example: EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetracetic Acid) is an important hexadentate polydentate ligand. It binds through two nitrogen and four oxygen atoms of the four COOH group to a central metal ion.
Chelating Ligands and Chelates: When a bidentate or a polydentate ligand is attached through two or more donor atoms to the same central metal ion to form a ring structure, the ligand is thus called a Chelating Ligands and hence the resulting complex is termed as a chelate.
Example: When ethyldiamine, a bidentate ligand coordinates through both the nitrogen atoms and results in the formation of a ring structure, is called A Chelating Ligand and The Complex Forms [Cu(NH2CH2NH2)2]+2 is a chelate ion.
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Isomerism in coordination compounds

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Optical isomeric

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Sir.. I have a doubt regarding donor atom... As u told monodentate ligand donate one of its lone pair.... Sir in acetato ion two oxygen atom are there having lone pair with them so why double bonded oxygen with carbon can not be a donor atom????

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Kindly upload qualitative analysis of cations

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