Did God fight a Chaos Dragon at Creation?

Рет қаралды 46,163

3 ай бұрын

Using the myths of other cultures as a form of theological polemic is something we see in the Hebrew Bible. We see an example in Psalm 74 where God fights Leviathan. Is this literally true? No, but it serves to teach a deeper theological truth. Check this out!

Пікірлер: 255

@Sklarecrow 3 ай бұрын

I thank God for this man. May his family be blessed and have peace and comfort after his loss. And may they look forward to seeing him again one day. Bless this man and his family.

@cameron8679 2 ай бұрын

Amen to that man. May The Lord Thy God bless and keep him and comfort his family in times of despair and grief, and forevermore.

@compton8301 2 ай бұрын

He is with the Lord now.

@realitywins6457 3 ай бұрын

Here’s a relevant and helpful thought he said in one of his other lectures, that aligns with this lecture: “The Bible wasn’t written to us, but it was written for us.”

@jimyoung9262 3 ай бұрын

Exactly. Love your profile pic.

@traildude7538 Ай бұрын

That's a fairly common statement among Old Testament scholars these days. And it should be stated for every Bible study!

@realitywins6457 Ай бұрын

@@jimyoung9262 Thanks!

@nozrep 3 ай бұрын

RIP Dr. Heiser and thank you Heiser team for continuing to post scholarly videos so that I can understand more about the Bible!

@theguyver4934 3 ай бұрын

Just like biblical and historical evidence proves that jesus and his apostles were vegatarians biblical and historical evidence also proves that the trinity, atonement, original sin and hell are very late misinterpretations and are not supported by the early creed hence its not a part of Christianity I pray that Allah swt revives Christianity both inside and out preserves and protects it and makes its massage be witnessed by all people but at the right moment, place and time The secred text of the Bible says ye shall know them by their fruits So too that I say to my christian brothers and sisters be fruitful and multiply Best regards from a Muslim ( line of ismail )

@YaHsServent 3 ай бұрын

Guys, Salvation is Simple HalleluYAH “Praise ye YaH” YaH is The Heavenly Father YaH arrives via the TENT OF MEETING YaH was Who they Crucified for our sins YaH was Crucified on an Almond TREE - Ancient Semitic Cuneiform of Moshe (Moses) - Isa Scroll (The Original Isaiah) Isaiah 42:8 "I am YaH; that is my Name! I will not yield my glory to another or my praise to idols. Isaiah 43:11 I, I am YAH, and there is no other Savior but Me. Isaiah 45:5 I am YaH, and there is none else.

@bauboni Ай бұрын

@@theguyver4934 you don't understand the Gospel, study it and pray to God that you ever do.

@YHWHLYN 3 ай бұрын

Love Dr Heiser! 🎉

@sallylabhart2844 3 ай бұрын

Took me almost a year before I could even look at his picture, just missed him so much

@CitizenPoe 3 ай бұрын

I swear God took him because mike would have known the time and the hour and God couldn’t have that. Loved this man.

@nonainai 3 ай бұрын

@@CitizenPoeI laughed out loud at this, may his soul rest with The Lord of Hosts.

@dolly7639 3 ай бұрын

Still falling asleep to his podcast. Sigh... When I was so discouraged in grad school, after a lecture of his, he encouraged me like a big brother would, and wrote something nice in my book i gave him to autograph.

@bencorley8687 3 ай бұрын

Heiser has been such a game changer for my time in the word.

@randomname2366 3 ай бұрын

When I learned this from Dr Heiser and applied it to other confusing passages, I learned so much. Passages like these are all over scripture and many throughout church history have been led astray by bad but sincere attempts to solve these mysteries without knowing the cultural context. We truly live in an amazing time and hopefully the church will, in time, use these realities to read scripture correctly and reform to more accurately understand God’s word.

@earlysda 3 ай бұрын

He implied strongly that there was "chaos" here before God created the world. That is anti-biblical teaching.

@nathanelfamy4190 3 ай бұрын

@@earlysdayour like saying the existance of the serpent before the temptation is anti-biblical

@earlysda 3 ай бұрын

@@nathanelfamy4190nathan, no. Please reread if you are interested in understanding what you are responding to.

@YaHsServent 3 ай бұрын

@earlysda 3 ай бұрын

@@YaHsServentServent, please repent and turn from occultic worship. Every knee will bow to Jesus Christ.

@TroyTravels922 3 ай бұрын

God spoke of the Leviathan to Job as if they were still on the earth at that time. God himself communicated this very thought that no man could harm the Leviathan

@DonExodus3 3 ай бұрын

That's because the dragon isn't a literal animal. It's also present in Isaiah 27:1 with God slaying it at the end times.

@christianbohls9880 3 ай бұрын

@@DonExodus3 powers and principalities.

@DonExodus3 3 ай бұрын

@@christianbohls9880 id recommend the video titled "why leviathan is not a dinosaur" by Ben S.

@christianbohls9880 3 ай бұрын

@@DonExodus3 thanks

@YaHsServent 3 ай бұрын

@mimialways22 3 ай бұрын

A biblical scholar and historian!!! This lecture was gold!! When the truth is revealed in a way that makes you understand why Jesus Christ says who he really is!! savior! Born on earth as a material aspect of our Heavenly Father in order to separate himself from the deity gods who infuriated as rulers and deliver us from the doom of the pagan deities who ruled this world and our sins.

@earlysda 3 ай бұрын

He put down the inspiration of the Bible in this talk.

@nozrep 3 ай бұрын

yes!

@YaHsServent 3 ай бұрын

@LiGhTbOrN77 3 ай бұрын

@@earlysdalol no he didnt

@earlysda 3 ай бұрын

@@LiGhTbOrN77N77, There was nothing here, not even "nothing" or "here" before Jesus spoke it all into existence in 6 days, then rested the 7th.

@catherinewilliams6384 3 ай бұрын

These messages are so enjoyable, thank you for posting.

@theguyver4934 3 ай бұрын

@redchilli233 2 ай бұрын

@@theguyver4934 Hope you know that Allah is not YHWH.

@DonExodus3 3 ай бұрын

Best ever? Yes. Liked and subscribed.

@spitfirered 3 ай бұрын

I Miss Dr. Michael S. Heiser, He Knew His History Of Truth!

@charliedontsurf334 3 ай бұрын

A great man has passed, but it’s up to us to continue to carry the torch. Fear God and Dreadnought.

@nozrep 3 ай бұрын

polemics… fascinating! I just learned what polemics is! Yes I had heard the word but I didn’t really ever understand it. On a separate but related note, and in a completely fantasy type of way, I would like to believe that maybe JRR Tolkien used Psalms such as Psalm 74 to create some of his legendarium in his LoTR novels!

@Dragoncurve 3 ай бұрын

Great stuff

@theguyver4934 3 ай бұрын

@kozmicaos 3 ай бұрын

Amazing, as always.

@methylmike 7 күн бұрын

the good dr was firing at a particularly high level for this lecture. can you tell us what it is? a conference or a class at some date?

@marvalice3455 2 ай бұрын

I want to believe the scientific origins include slaying a dragon

@MichaelCotsenmoyer 26 күн бұрын

Thanks!

@robbscott4 2 ай бұрын

Thank you

@mariannedippenaar8488 2 күн бұрын

Very good

@jeremy8715 2 күн бұрын

Any way to improve the quality?

@beauxgan874 3 ай бұрын

I miss Dr Heiser.

@theguyver4934 3 ай бұрын

@MiguelDLewis 3 ай бұрын

7:27 Actually Psalm 74 aligns perfectly with Genesis 1. Tohu/tehom is the Hebrew word for the formless depths, mentioned in Genesis 1:2. It’s also the root word for Tannin, the Hebrew word for dragon/serpent, found in Psalm 74:13. The Assyrians referred to the dragon of chaos as Tiamat, similar to the original Hebrew word Tehomot. So there’s definitely a connection there. Psalm 74 wasn’t a usurpation of the dragon slayer archetype but a reclamation of it.

@chanelcreative2664 2 ай бұрын

I blessed cause subtitle in bahasa Indonesia.

@r.l.stolba9050 3 ай бұрын

Miss you deeply, Mike. Thanks for pulling my head out of my tail.

@j.m.4858 3 ай бұрын

Awesome 😎

@no3396 3 ай бұрын

The man and his knowledge was and still is a gift from the Lord. God bless you, Dr. Heiser.

@roybatty2544 3 ай бұрын

Thank you so very much for this. I'm eternally grateful to you and obviously for Dr Michael Heiser & his videos bcuz he's totally given us a bigger better understanding of God's Holy Bible. Please keep up the great work. Thanks again.

@Gutslinger 3 ай бұрын

I've been watching some of his videos the last few days after discovering him maybe over a week ago. Often his Unseen Realms book has been mentioned, and I was thinking about ordering that book.. I did see old comments from people anticipating an Unseen Realms 2. Was that ever in the works? There is one thing he's mentioned that I had a hard time reconciling. He talked about the early Genesis passage of "Let Us create man in Our image." He claimed God was referring to the holy assembly/counsel when He said "Us". But every Christian I know claims that "Us" refers to the Trinity. Because angels are created beings that can't create.. So I don't know how I should sort that out, since those two claims seem to conflict with each other.

@nerychristian 3 ай бұрын

Didn't God tell Moses that whoever kills a man should be put to death, because man was created in the image of God?

@nerychristian 3 ай бұрын

is that reckoning? In Genesis 9:6 we read, “Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed, for God made man in his own image.” (ESV)

@truthbebold4009 3 ай бұрын

I reject both of those options. God said to His Son, "Let Us create man in Our image..." In fact, I know of a good sermon revealing the parallels between Adam and Eve and the Father and Son. I don't see much value in Heiser's work so I make an effort to point others to better work. Peace

@DonExodus3 3 ай бұрын

The original audience and authors of Genesis were not trinitarians and knew of no such thing. That's the original meaning of the text. Some later interpreters have read 1 John and believe that it's describing the Trinity, and thus are applying a second "revealed" interpretation to the passage.

@Gutslinger 3 ай бұрын

@@DonExodus3 They did think of God in a plural sense though, did they not? For example, Genesis referring to God's spirit and him seemingly being in bodily form. Then with the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, it talks about God calling down the fire brimstone from God in heaven.

@user-bl7oe2md4p 3 ай бұрын

Some of this ancient near eastern cosmological creation stories and mythology, definitely form a cultural background, from which the biblical worldview and scriptures have sometimes borrowed but also refined and reconstructed, to correct what is seen to be the errors and distortions introduced by the gentile and pagan, idolatrous nations and peoples. Some of the deep existential cosmic origin and order themes, and archetypes of the collective unconscious use the fantastic and symbolic language and imagery of myth to give themselves an objective form, a container, a shape which they can manifest themselves. So these universal themes exist and are common to all these creation myths, and stories, both pagan and biblical. This does not mean that the biblical stories are just reworked versions of ancient mythology, nor does it mean that pagan mythology is speaking the same truth, but from a different viewpoint, but it does mean the relation of the biblical worldview, monotheistic culture and belief system, to the ancient polytheist, pantheist, animist worldviews and belief systems is more subtle and complex than one is all true and all the others, all false, even though there exists many points of disagreement and divergence. What we see instead of dogmatic assertions and denunciations is an interactive interplay and mutuality of influence, which has its own intriguing, sometimes idiosyncratic and unexpected, developmental dynamic.

@michelleprull4105 3 ай бұрын

Kind of off topic but I have a question for whomever can help. I understand that gods are considered divine beings….. that being said, when people worshiped other gods like Baal was there ever actually a person or divine being that was Baal or is it stories and just people believing there was a god? Is there ever a human that was worshipped? If they are worshipping actual divine beings or “gods” is it a certain divine being that is real or is it deception from divine beings that give way to stories with names? So, are there actually other gods like Baal or is it just evil made up things?

@amymarie6724 3 ай бұрын

Not divine, but spiritual beings. They are worshipping fallen spiritual beings that rebelled against the divine spiritual being Yahweh. There is a specific distinction between the divine being Yahweh and other spiritual elohim who rebelled and became idols.

@suzanneflowers2230 3 ай бұрын

Check out his book, The Unseen Realm.

@jacknickelson8096 3 ай бұрын

@@user-el3sh1xh3t Marduk.

@marcusg6904 3 ай бұрын

⁠@@amymarie6724What scripture or scriptures state the “fallen spiritual beings “ rebelled against YHWH? Thank in advance

@michelleprull4105 3 ай бұрын

@@suzanneflowers2230 already read it.

@burningsodium 3 ай бұрын

In Psalm 74, destroying the dragon is talking about his judgment of the gods of Egypt when he flooded Pharaoh's army. Dividing rivers is talking about crossing the Jordan.

@DonExodus3 3 ай бұрын

It's also drawing a comparison to creation of the cosmos, hence the language relating to establishing the earth and its luminaries. Which is what Heiser is referring to.

@isaiasherrero7889 Ай бұрын

@@DonExodus3exactly!

@found.ernest 3 ай бұрын

❤

@zackzimmer7167 3 ай бұрын

Imagine speaking for Jeroboam…

@shaccooper4828 3 ай бұрын

It’s mind blowing how someone can purportedly provide scholarly insight and casually make grave errors, and the sheepish crowd is as clueless as the speaker. It wasn’t Elijah who stated choose you this day. It was Joshua, the protege of Moses who lived in a totally different era before the Kingdom of Israel existed.

@threeqtrthrottle 3 ай бұрын

Joshua did make that statement verbatim, but Elijah made (effectually) the same statement regarding the miracle of fire being called down from heaven. 1 Kings 18:21 (ESV) says this: And Elijah came near to all the people and said, “How long will you go limping between two different opinions? If the LORD is God, follow him; but if Baal, then follow him.” And the people did not answer him a word........Essentially this is an echo of the challenge brought by Joshua, and I would take the lifted verbiage as a clever comparison, rather than a gross oversight as stated. Having said that, what's your point? Not being combative, but you clearly shared this for a reason, yet I am unable to discern this reason.

@smak387 2 ай бұрын

The Devil knows the Bible too - so no extra credit for you. The point this speaker makes is well taken

@messiahmatrix 3 ай бұрын

Wow this stuff is so weighty and important to learn about it makes more sense to me than young earth creationists versus of the Bible.

@dominiqueubersfeld2282 2 ай бұрын

Did God fight a Prosperity Gospel Preacher at Creation?

@ChrisMusante 3 ай бұрын

😔

@JohnMackeyIII 3 ай бұрын

God will only defeat His creation! So it won’t be much of a fight.😂😂 There is nothing that is that wasn’t made, and all that was made was made by the Word!

@cosmologium 3 ай бұрын

Except I do believe Yahweh defeated a seven-headed dragon before Creation. Rev 12 calls it Satan.

@DonExodus3 3 ай бұрын

Revelation comes after creation. Not before.

@rogerweir1772 3 ай бұрын

Yes Egypt was the dragon! :)

@dahmc59 2 ай бұрын

God never had to fight anybody when you are omnipotent omniscient and ever present nobody has a chance to stand up against that the Bible says that God even looked everywhere he could find to see if there was anybody that compared with him and there was none let me repeat that there was none he is the almighty he doesn't have to fight to keep his position

@klar7946 3 ай бұрын

20 minutes to point out the obvious. Really, the waffle in endless.

@Heather-xz3eo 3 ай бұрын

No one was holding you here …. you were free to leave after 10 seconds

@klar7946 3 ай бұрын

@@Heather-xz3eo kept hoping for enlightenment. Woe is me....

@threeqtrthrottle 3 ай бұрын

@@klar7946 It's a 10 minute video...

@klar7946 3 ай бұрын

@@threeqtrthrottle felt like 20

@davidcrane6593 3 ай бұрын

Mr fables....

@jesuschristbiblebiblestudy 3 ай бұрын

The Bible does not tell us. Amen.

@holyhyrax 3 ай бұрын

What is the difference between God fighting a dragon vs. angels having sex with humans? Why does Heiser insist one did not take place, while the other did? What is the metric here?

@DonExodus3 3 ай бұрын

He doesnt insist that angels had sex with people. Only that the Bible clearly states that they did. Just as the Bible describes Yahwey battling dragons.

@holyhyrax 3 ай бұрын

Correct, but if the Bible says it, doesn't it imply it happened? Heiser seems to think these rebellions actually happenened. @@DonExodus3

@DonExodus3 3 ай бұрын

@@holyhyrax Heiser typically considers these kinds of texts as polemic. Where the theological aspects of them are true and did happen, but the ancient near east aspects that involve mythological battles would be aspects of the contextual background. Which is to say that, the story isn't about God actually slaying a real fire-breathing dragon or angels actually having giant offspring like the book of Enoch. In ancient times, pagan kings of Babylon claimed themselves to be deities. They claimed themselves to be sons of God, and they took human wives as well. And Heiser covers some of this content with relation to pharoah in a similar way. And so, it's not as simple of a topic as just reading about God slaying a dragon and viewing it as scientifically true. Rather, these narratives were written in a theologically combative environment. Where the Isrealites were theologically setting the record straight. Yahwey is the one true God who controls the seasons and provides to His people. Yahwey is the one who is righteous and it's His rebellious family that is wrong, not the other way around. In pagan literature, the angels were good guys. And it was God who hated people. So, the isrealites are setting the record straight. But it's not a history textbook, nor is it about scientific identification if a multi headed sea dragon. Truth is in biblical theology, not science.

@DonExodus3 3 ай бұрын

@@holyhyrax and a similar case could be said for the sea. Obviously there isn't some multi-headed fire breathing dragon swimming around. However, in the Bible, Leviathan also personifies the deep. Which is something that is dangerous. People struggle to live in the ocean, there are mysterious animals like sharks that will kill you, you can't breathe in it. It's a dangerous place. And the Canaanite pantheon, they had gods that represented the sea. So the narrative of Yahweh defeating the sea, it's both theological in the sense that God is greater than pagan deities, but there's still a real component to it as well. Simply asking the question of "did it happen" really doesn't get into the nuance necessary to understand the historical context.

@holyhyrax 3 ай бұрын

@@DonExodus3 So would you say that Heiser would accept certain stories in Genesis to not have happened? The watcher story? That particular rebellion is something he talks alot about.

@isoldemaputzen8414 3 ай бұрын

🤍💡🤍

@georgekantstandu4501 3 ай бұрын

God is a abusive spouse. I love you, whack....I love you, whack......If you don't love me you get another whack.

@Heather-xz3eo 3 ай бұрын

🤡

@nonainai 3 ай бұрын

🤡 🤡

@theguyver4934 3 ай бұрын

@cynthiaerickson3646 3 ай бұрын

Vegans?explain the eating of fish they ate,lamb consumed at passover they ate then

@nonainai 3 ай бұрын

@@cynthiaerickson3646Cynthia he cannot explain such claims, and their authentic biblical rebuttals. Jesus ate meat, drank wine (wasn’t drunk) so it doesn’t take away from Christs Divinity. Islam is a false religion concocted by a Demon, Fallen Angel, like Paul said.

@theguyver4934 3 ай бұрын

@@cynthiaerickson3646 Okay i may be wrong about jesus and his apostles being vegetarians but i'm 100% right about the trinity, atonement, original sin & hell keep in mind i'm not saying that christianity is false or that the bible is corrupted\changed far from it but i do think that it's misinterpreted which is why it needs to be re read in it's original hebrew\aramaic understanding Yahweh\Alaha\Allah bless you and bless true christianity

@earlysda 3 ай бұрын

No, God did NOT fight a chaos dragon at creation! This speaker is contradicting the Holy Bible near the 8:00 mark when he strongly implies that natural forces were in play before God started his creation in Genesis 1. He is also making the classic error of so-called "scholars" when he says around the 4:20 mark that the Bible authors were borrowing from the pagan religions around them and turning the narrative. . The facts are that the entire Holy Bible is inspired by the Holy Spirit. . Let's remember these inspired words of caution: 1Corinthians 1:20 Where [is] the wise? where [is] the scribe? where [is] the disputer of this world? hath not God made foolish the wisdom of this world?

@Heather-xz3eo 3 ай бұрын

According only to you

@therealkillerb7643 3 ай бұрын

The problem with Dr. Heiser's interpretation is that one has Biblical writers lying to make a theological/polemical point. There were no real dragons at the creation, but they still claim YHVH defeated them to make some apologetical point against Mesopotamian religion. So they lied, they lied for God. But it's OK for them to have lied, somehow because that was their culture?

@stormchaser9738 3 ай бұрын

That’s a super black and white way to think about it. Using a poetic image where you personify chaos isn’t the same as lying…it’s poetry. The type of truth we expect to find depends on genre. In Hebrew poetry we expect something true theologically to be taught even if the imagery used is not literal. (EG: YHVH does not literally walk on a sapphire dome in the sky and empty storehouses of rain and snow. It’s an image used for teaching the truth that YHVH governs the weather.)

@The.Tamayo 3 ай бұрын

I bet that Dr. Heiser knows a little more than you.

@mikesarno7973 3 ай бұрын

Is the newspaper lying when it lists sunrise and sunset times? We know the Earth's rotation causes that apparent motion in the sky. It's metaphorical language that serves a purpose and is easily understood.

@therealkillerb7643 3 ай бұрын

@@The.Tamayo And I bet that I know a little more than you... at least in how the academy works and how it influences people, especially Christians.

@T4nkcommander 3 ай бұрын

Yeah, I'm inclined to disagree with his point here for that reason. A number of prominent scholars have described the "chaos era" briefly mentioned in the start of Genesis, so when tied in with 1) the existence of these spirits (that God has already defeated in the war sense) 2) and so many other mythologies describing the Most High warring against the Chaos dragon[s] (which again, still exist as threshold guardians) it makes more sense that they were not making things up and that historically happened. I love Dr. Heiser but for as much work as he's done coming up with the Divine Council line of thinking, he's still very reserved on a lot of points he wagered were very controversial .

@Dexter.001 Ай бұрын

This Heiser guy really no different than Joel Osteen, clever with words and no Gospel message, so many are lead astray with Fancy talk to draw a person into a bunch of nothing......clouds with no water. Heiser is so much in error on his view of Psalm 82, he tries to answer the "gods/elohim" as non human when Jesus says the "gods/elohim" are human in John 10, Jesus answers this question long before Heiser was even born. Heiser writes a book the unseen realm arguing against Jesus. Osten writes books about prosperity and self gain, People like Hieser or Osteen should not be teaching becasue they do not point a person to Jesus and teach/preach the true Jesus, so many different forms of error within Christianity that people are unaware of. A person never hears of sin either from them two, they just lift themselves up with their own theology and people eat it up. Lets look at Psalm 82, which Heiser thought the gods/elohim are angels, Heiser was totally wrong on Psalm 82. Jesus holds the answer of the gods/elohim of Psalm 82 in John 10. The gods/elohim of Psalm 82 have never been non human/spirit beings/angels. Israel are the "gods" in Psalm 82, the "gods" are human NOT nonhuman meaning angels/spirit beings. Israel was unique from the pagan nations that surrounded them, Israel had the law of God, 10 commandment, prophets and a Levitical priesthood. Since Israel had the law of God, it put Israel in the position of being "gods," (elohim), because God chose them, Israel was God's chosen people. They were chosen because of Christ. Psalm 82:6 I said, “You are gods, sons of the Most High, all of you; John 10: 34-35 Jesus answered them, “Is it not written in your law, ‘I said, “You are gods” ’? 35 If He called them gods, to whom the word of God came (and the Scripture cannot be broken)," 1. >>>>"I said, “You are gods” >>>>>ONCE by the God (Father) in Psalm 82. Aspaph is the Author and Psalmist of Psalm 82. Prophets of the Old Testament like Asaph the "word of the Lord" would come to Prophets like Asaph. Prophets were the "Voice" of God. God (Father) would communicate His words through the prophets, God does that here in Psalm 82:6 I said, “You are gods, sons of the Most High, all of you;">>>>>>>>Israel, Psalm 82 uses the word "all". This clearly is not about a bunch of watchers/super angels of a divine council. The Psalms were written to and for Israel. 2. SECOND time Jesus in John 10: 34 Repeats >>>> ‘I said, “You are gods” >>> Exodus 4:22 You are to say to Pharaoh, ‘This is what the Lord says: “Israel is my firstborn son." If you know your bible Jacob is Israel and there would be 12 sons borns to Jacob, which make up the 12 tribes of Israel. When a person reads Psalm 82:6 when it mentions "sons" it is referring to the 12 tribes of Israel in the physical world. In reality what a person can get from scripture is that Jesus tells us who the "gods/elohim" are in Psalm 82 when we read John 10 34-35. Jesus is the One who fulfills the words of the prophets from the OT in the NT, that is why Jesus REPEATED the exact words " I said, “You are gods, from Psalm 82 (God/Father) in John 10 (God/Son). The gods/elohim/divine council in Psalm 82 are not disembodied spirits, angelic or nonhuman spirit beings, they are Israel, all of Israel (Jacob's descendents) would be human, which includes judges, elders, rulers, kings, and the common Isrealite citizen.