Eukaryotic Translation (Protein Synthesis), Animation.

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The translation process involves the following components:
- mRNA or messenger RNA containing the genetic information to be translated.
- tRNA or transfer RNA bringing in the amino acids - the building blocks of the protein.
- Ribosome - the machine that performs the translation. The ribosome has two subunits: small and large.
- Several initiation factors, elongation factors, and release factors. These factors assist with initiation, elongation and termination of the process, respectively.
Steps of the translation process:
Initiation (eukaryotes) : The small ribosomal subunit binds to the initiator tRNA carrying the initiator amino acid methionine. This complex then attaches to the cap structure at the 5’ end of an mRNA and scans for the start codon AUG. The process is mediated by several initiation factors. At the start codon, the large ribosomal subunit joins the complex and all initiation factors are released. The ribosome has three sites: the A-site is the entry site for new tRNA charged with amino-acid or aminoacyl-tRNA; the P-site is occupied by peptidyl-tRNA - the tRNA that carries the growing polypeptide chain; the E-site is the exit site for the tRNA after it’s done delivering the amino acid. The initiator tRNA is positioned in the P-site.
Elongation: A new tRNA carrying an amino acid enters the A-site of the ribosome. On the ribosome, the anticodon of the incoming tRNA is matched against the mRNA codon positioned in the A-site. During this proof-reading, tRNA with incorrect anticodons are rejected and replaced by new tRNA that are again checked. When the right aminoacyl-tRNA enters the A-site, a peptide bond is made between the two now-adjacent amino-acids. As the peptide bond is formed, the tRNA in the P-site releases the amino-acids onto the tRNA in the A-site and becomes empty. At the same time, the ribosome moves one triplet forward on the mRNA. As a result, the empty tRNA is now in the E-site and the peptidyl tRNA is in the P-site. The A-site is now unoccupied and is ready to accept a new tRNA. The cycle is repeated for each codon on the mRNA.
Termination: Termination happens when one of the three stop codons is positioned in the A-site. No tRNA can fit in the A-site at that point as there are no tRNA that match the sequence. Instead, these codons are recognized by a protein, a release factor. Binding of the release factor catalyzes the cleavage of the bond between the polypeptide and the tRNA. The polypeptide is released from the ribosome. The ribosome is disassociated into subunits and is ready for a new round of translation. The newly made polypeptide usually requires additional modifications and folding before it can become an active protein.

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

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[@garyprice359]

This is by far the best animation and explanation of eukaryotic translation I've ever seen. Thank you!

[@ScarfaceEugene]

I wildly agree😂

[@cowsaredelicious]

I come back to this video every two years or so whenever a class or exam covers the topic of translation. You'd think I'd have it down by now, but every year I forget how it happens, and it's a hard concept for me to understand for some reason. This video has been so helpful and has saved me so much time over the past ~6 years LOL thank you!!!

[@maryamal-ali2331]

great idea

[@anshi5098]

Biochemistry in a nutshell xD

[@mirandag5779]

GOD BLESS YOU AND WHO EVER RAISED YOU

[@mr.awesomevibes6041]

it's 8 years and still this video remains the most up-to-date and excellently explained tutorial one could ever get, God, bless you

[@Jeremy-qe9gu]

Thank you for this video! This is exactly what I was looking for when reviewing for my Biochemistry final. Most other videos I have watched did not mention anything about the initiation factors, and that was one of the key things I needed to review. Thank you again.

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

Thanks for watching!

[@meghamadhukumar1776]

@@Alilamedicalmedia one doubt

[@Kate-hu9be]

@@meghamadhukumar1776 what?

[@meghamadhukumar1776]

@@Kate-hu9be now it's clear

[@naturelover472]

@@meghamadhukumar1776 😂😂🤣

[@farahrauf9069]

Why there is not option to like more than one time??

[@Tas1889]

I can feel it

[@robbyschwartz]

I cannot tell you how incredibly helpful this channel has been for me! thank you!

[@opheliavallee7585]

The mRNA is also looped before elongation with the EIFs at the 5'cap and PolyA tail

[@aidashakeri5808]

This is seriously the best video I have found on this topic. I would like this a 100 more times if I could

[@Nabilo8501]

Dont know what to say Just saved my life man ❤

[@davidbogossian2583]

This is incredibly helpful, wow this cleared up many questions

[@CH-zc8qx]

Best video on eukaryotic translation I've found. Short, concise, but has all the important details. I always refer back to this video whenever I need to refresh my memory on translation

[@baktashfardin8649]

wow the animation that i wanted and i needed tnx from that Alila Medical Media

[@balah28]

Tomorrow I have a presentation and I need to explain this process. It helped me a lot.

[@harvey2733]

Perfect video for review and even for first timers...amazing work sir. U saved me. Thank u very much

[@yasminhosam5951]

I swear I can never thank you enough for this fascinating work. It helped greatly.

[@aisharasool4598]

Wonderful....It covered everything in just 3:50 minutes... Thank you so much ...

[@esteryeremia3141]

Thanks

[@jaijoshi8644]

Very beautiful animations that explain everything so clearly. Thank you so much for making this video!

[@braveranger6007]

Wow, University professors with PhDs could not explain it as well as this video, thank you so much!

[@elliekim3910]

This is in perfect alignment with the Standard Level IB curriculum. Thank you so much.

[@AuraAzarcon]

thank uuu

[@KC-hd3wi]

Wow HI DOC AURA! Bio student from PLM hehe

[@medicoinprogress717]

Thank you so much for explaining this in such an easy manner. I was overwhelmed looking at my textbook and duration of lecture videos, but this video has cleared the concept in just 3 minutes

[@mdkaifraza5467]

It took us full lecture to complete this topic in our coaching..... but you covered it very smartly just in 4 minutes nd it was more understandable than our coaching.

[@KristysEdits]

Love this; thank you!

[@dohaerguiti3695]

The releasing factor name's " eRF " for the Eucaryotic and "RF" for the prokaryotic. Thank uu ♥️

[@codyrodes8721]

FINALLY I UNDERSTAND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, WOW, UNBELIEVABLE, BE BLESSED ABUNDANTLY

[@sambas5101]

This video is so good! The important points are not missed and the video is really short and time saving! Thank you so much ✌️

[@Livelonghappy]

THIS IS he best video for understanding how to move 5'>3' mRNA!!! I've been having many lessons for this by using blackboard and not get it. Finally!!!🎉

[@hexa2512]

Very simple and easy to understand animation. Thank you!

[@umarnadeem9367]

thank u so much............... i read and understood it but ur video made it crystal clear.......... this video is release factor .....peptide chain ready to use

[@ankiefrankieful]

this is the best translation video on youtube, thank you!!!!

[@aiims891]

GREATEST EVER EXPLANATION 💯💯💯❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤

[@AvaJal2006]

Thank you so much I finally learned what was going on in my biology class

[@bobuxbanks]

Best explanation of translation, thank you so much

[@Chaoswithin]

This is really good, thanks for clearing things up

[@ganeshgr616]

Ultimately...I got all the points..... i... like. .ur way of explanation.......... ... really these kind of vedio.....are ...... easy to understand ........tq somuch

[@brookogden5658]

This is THE BEST explanation of this I've found out there and I'm a bio major! Thank you!!!!

[@nicholasray9167]

Omg. Thank you so much! Best explanation on the internet. Happy guy right here.

[@kutlopogiso9675]

This video is the best! Simplified translation so well after I have been struggling to master it. Thank you so much!

[@user-xk7xy4dc5c]

AMAZING. explanation! Helped me understand after hours of frustration!!!

[@spoorthym5391]

It was a really good video. Compared to all the other videos,this one had more detailed explanation to it especially the A,P,E sites it was really clear .Thanks for the video.

[@bryantanya5252]

The best illustration.

[@Afreen-ol3le]

Short and to the point

[@rojinksunny9907]

This is excellent!! Everything makes perfect sense now..

[@Pathologymadesimple]

helped for my exam. thankyou

[@muskaanmehta7216]

Thank you so much for this video. I am preparing for my medical PG entrance and I had forgotten all my school basics. After watching this, it's like some rewiring has occured in my brain circuits 😄

[@anshkumar6368]

It explained each and every concept Best animation for translation

[@rebornmmmmuch]

You just save my life!!! Thank you so much for this amazing video💘

[@Akamalk-qr1kg]

Thank you so much. May God bless your day

[@thereisnoiintheteam8475]

AMAZing! Thank you so much. That is what i was looking for!

[@drnailamasood]

Excellent animation. Well explained 👍

[@sayantanchatterjee3874]

By far the best animation for the topic. Great work.♥️

[@JamesG_3]

Great video really cleared translation up

[@tags.m5014]

really it's the best animation and explanation for PN synthesis I have ever seen ❤❤❤❤ thanks alot ❤❤❤❤

[@iamkimg11]

This is such a huuuuge help! Thank you for posting ❤

[@davisonchama7203]

Your videos are always on point, I love alilamedicalmedia

[@f7rurirurur976]

Thank you for you lecture. I am from Bangladesh. It helps me very much.

[@SLPtoMD]

Thank you!!!!! I finally understand this now.

[@isaacdutson4021]

What happens to the mRNA molecule after translation? Is it used to make more copies of the same protein or is it broken down into the nucleotide subunits?

[@shihanasclasses2506]

These types of videos are very effective for me..thankyou

[@elliepourm]

The mistake is the video shows the initiation procedure exactly likes the translation initiation in prokaryotic cells but it should be completely different. EX: you need to show eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2,eIf2b, 5'Gcap in mRNA that binds to the eIF4 and ..........

[@kisafatima1103]

Such a saviours this video is 🙌

[@shaimaqambrani8640]

Wow! An amazing animation ❤

[@skarts9953]

Thanks for this video❤ translation topic is crystal clear only becz of this video

[@Iwasbornyesterday4f]

i literally cant thank you enough for this!

[@manususmitha7028]

It is same as of prokaryotes but initiation factors consist of eIF1, eIF2, eIF3 and the ribosome subunits consist of 60s nd 40s

[@user-uf4ho3nr9o]

This is so helpful to help visualize the process. Thanks

[@biauxchety8129]

You guys make a perfect work. Thanks!

[@orangecaprinun]

Amazing amazing work, thank you so much

[@ayeshasana1433]

Thank you so much....it really helped me to clear my concept....I was finding a video which also include initiation factors which I couldn't find in other videos....

[@priyasultania8943]

Best..🥺 i was looking for an animated video and it is best ... Thank you so much ❤️ From India ❤️

[@callumpreston2922]

Really concise, easy to understand video. Thanks a ton :)

[@ayahammouch883]

Thank you it’s super clear now!

[@kookeyes174]

The best and easiest explanation ❤

[@user-me6zj6ij7s]

This is so helpful to prepare my bio exam :) Thank you

[@alhaddi]

Couldn't understand it any better.

[@devanshmalhotra1441]

This is it🔥🔥 After a lot of searching...this video is gold Thank u man❤️

[@vide0gameCaster]

THIS! THIIIISSSSS, is the video I WAS SEEKING FOR! Thank you my boiii!

[@Linda_7yui]

Optimistically, may a smile cast out darkness.

[@tanishathakkar5602]

Best ever explanation of translation!!! Thanks a lot!!

[@aqsaashar2716]

Best animated video..... thumbs up👍

[@zorazhang3686]

Thank you!!! This really helped me out!

[@solomonchollomhworo6795]

Beautiful work

[@daisymapfumo8273]

Thank you so much for making this easy to understand 👏

[@m.maryyambakhsh4874]

Sir Kamal ka explain kia ha very nice 😘😘🤩🤩🤩🤩

[@itsmekose]

This video is soooo helping!! Finally understood the concept ;) Huge thanks

[@bouhamoussa9865]

Thank you so much, it is so helpful and your video give a detail information comparing to others

[@Katherinecam12]

Thanks for this video!!! But can I ask a question if you don't mind? My teacher said that the eukaryotic ribosome doesn't have the E site, the aminoacyl-tRNA will be released in P site.

[@oindrilasarkar1422]

Thank you for the clear cut explanation!!

[@cosminbarbos4235]

this video is NOT according to the latest discoveries. Ignore it and get other sources

[@Its-me-Rosie]

Are there any specific reason of using GTP while translation process instead of ATP?

[@beatboosted7077]

Because of this im working with the chinese making 4 cents an hour thank you.🎉

[@sylvesterleo4680]

U my savior for this knowledge

[@Helen_lm]

Let happiness be your faithful companion.

[@tevii_mahnmegao6145]

That really helped. Thank You.

[@chick0032]

考研時看到這個影片真的會落淚

[@byuntaeyeonkim4322]

hello. i'm confused. do both transcription and translation process have initiation, elongation, and termination? i've seen the 3 stages on both processes but in different sites. please help, exam's near. thanks.

[@ayeshahussainii27]

Very well explanation 👏

[@aanjalithillainathan9295]

Thank you so much for this!

[@ahmedsheraz3665]

Best animation and best explanation❤❤