HUGE Yellow Jackets Nest in Basement Ceiling | Wasp Nest Removal | Wasp Infestation

[@darsi8724]

Imagine being a wasp after a hard day of foraging, excited to come home and tend to the nest, and when you climb through the door your whole crib is gone

[@Jackson-mi3dr]

and your children have been eaten by chickens

[@glitchygang702]

Jackson you wouldnt see that happen unless you lived near the chickens that ate them

[@chpke7750]

Can't have shit in Detroit.

[@artemislogic5252]

@@chpke7750 lol

[@karibucountry1981]

Lmao

[@alexcunningham2037]

That homeowner is definitely how I am about that kind of thing. Always watching people doing their job and asking questions lol

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Such a good guy! I always love when clients are interested!

[@jeffwilson7086]

I hate when people stand over me and watch me work

[@avisiva9045]

@@jeffwilson7086 the owner was just interested lol he didnt want to irritate him

[@stephanienoblet8503]

I would be another room I’m petrified of wasps and bees 🐝

[@thereaIitsybitsyspider]

That homeowner was so brave. I wouldn't want to be anywhere near that nest in shorts.

[@HornetKingOfficial]

He was a really cool guy! Very interested in the removal and colony!

[@shanepageau8462]

@@HornetKingOfficial The king

[@shanepageau8462]

The king rules he has such calm and?focused demeanor

[@average_dude207]

They're Probably Russians

[@kieras20wideos46]

Łłl

[@BlakeFoster050]

Larvae: “Gee, can’t wait to grow up and work on the nest and...” Hornet King: “Chepchepchepchep” Larvae: “...oh god, oh fuk”

[@asauwu3233]

That’s great! 😝😝😝😝😝😝😝

[@asauwu3233]

I am still laughing “ hornet all happy then the noise chepchep lol so, so funny 😂 needed that thanks

[@st4rpt_603]

That was some beautiful poetic justice.

[@sophjie9048]

👏🏻👏🏻🤣🤣🤣

[@dirtylaundry00.]

but larvae can’t curse... cus they’re kids basically

[@suziemccolm4216]

When I was a little girl, I stepped on a ground nest and was swarmed and stung by hornets. It led to a true bee phobia. I've been working on educating myself about bees, wasps and hornets to kind of get "desensitized" so I don't freak out around them any more. These videos are helping a lot! Than and of course your chooks and squirrels.

[@shaun5809]

@shrimp Except killer bees. They're best friends with wasps and hate humans.

[@Bakamoli]

Same!

[@DROGOC0P]

good luck, im trying to do that with needles. its working, so i will keep going

[@dreysantillan]

Glad you're overcoming it You got this! Even if it is a slow progress, progress is still progress

[@KingKong-xp7yo]

@skeemp bruh they both suck in my eyes

[@scubasteve9512]

I also imagine when ever you relocate they are like “ our numbers in the last 2 days have gone down 80%, queen do your thing “

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Yes! 100% facts!

[@KingKong-xp7yo]

*male walks in ready to get busy*

[@maybebasssing3291]

@@KingKong-xp7yo males

[@Nonexistent_creature]

@@maybebasssing3291 😳😳

[@pucktoad]

Pest contorl is an interesting thing. I appreciate that you make use of the larvae instead of just blasting them with spray. They have to die, but at least they provide a benefit.

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Exactly! Completing the circle of life!

[@DioBrando-ln1to]

I'm waiting for the video where he explains how to remove these nests without being slowed down by the massive balls on this guy

[@HornetKingOfficial]

HAHAHAHA

[@PVBJR]

l agree...

[@alan30189]

It’s like a walk in the park, for him! 😁

[@datboitaco5463]

lol

[@keiranferrier3642]

As someone who's deadly afraid of insects and bugs, I agree

[@carrueross2705]

Homeowner: “how many are in there?” Hornet King: “about a thousand.” Homeowner: “RIGHT NOW???” 👀😳😬😭😱🐝🐝🐝

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Haha! He was so funny!

[@Saltykidpro]

Hornet King can u get camera pics of the queen laying a egg?

[@HornetKingOfficial]

@@Saltykidpro check out my latest video 😉

[@ohiokellys2368]

Hornet King but what’s the link so Ik where it is

[@erictoft3878]

Here’s your sign

[@LedaSBotelho]

That is insane! I had some Eastern Yellow Jackets make a small nest in our car tent. One layer of comb and my husband was scared to do it so I gladly volunteered. I even told him how much I've learned. I'm so happy to see you're still making these videos honey. Stay safe. Very funny with the "Come get some Pigeon! You ridiculous looking creature."

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thats so awesome!! Haha! Good for you!! Thank you so much for being here and checking out the videos!!

[@LedaSBotelho]

For you, I will be a loyal fan girl.

[@JeiNotReal]

Leda Botelho leave your husband and marry hornet king🐝🐝🐝🐝

[@Shawn-b5m]

Leda Botelho pleaseeeee tell me how. I got a little nest of hornets in my shed and afraid to go near it. I wanna remove it before they make it bigger. It gets bigger weekly.

[@LedaSBotelho]

@@Shawn-b5m I heavily sprayed hornet remover. I gave it some time for any others that were coming back to the nest. After that scrapped it off and tossed it on the garbage bin.

[@graff5138]

*Says comb*. In terms of maturity we have no maturity

[@Randybobandy12345]

I can honestly say that’s the first time I’ve seen a residence with one of those business/school type ceilings

[@kyriansalvar247]

Super late, but I think basements (especially renovated) have these ceiling tiles. Maybe to access stuff up there, who knows.

[@jm329]

@@kyriansalvar247 Yeah, we have those in our basement.

[@guycomments]

@@kyriansalvar247 this

[@thesunisupright5923]

The nest is actually very beautiful with all the swoops and swirls on it.

[@lingling2823]

I love this guy. He destroys these evil creatures and then feeds their babies to his chickens 😂😂

[@BopDaddy2112]

Ling Ling, I also, don't like being around Bees. However they are NOT evil creatures. They make sure that We get our Fruits & Veggies. Why does everybody forget that? When the Bees die, We die next.

[@lingling2823]

@@BopDaddy2112 Everyone knows bees are important for the environment. Just because somethings important doesn’t you can’t dislike them. And don’t take me calling them “evil creatures” so seriously. It’s just the way I feel about them.

[@roger5059]

@@BopDaddy2112 i don't know if you noticed, but they aren't bees, they are wasps. Bees pollinate plants. Wasps are sometimes pollinating, but they mainly eat foul fruits and flesh, which pollinates nothing. Yes, we are dependent on bees, but we don't really need wasps

[@BopDaddy2112]

Roger 505 I Thought about it after I made my post

[@BopDaddy2112]

Roger 505 However I do love your show keep up the good work

[@legateelizabeth]

How is watching one man just do his job so compelling and satisfying? Also young adult hornets are strangely adorable.

[@liamkramer2836]

i am deathly afraid of wasps and bees but i do like watching these videos for some reason!

[@callsignvapor07]

Same here, Liam, same here.

[@harshitjain1809]

Yeah cos fuck them, innit?!

[@philipjnz9923]

I really appreciate the level of quality you put in your videos thank you for that. Just know that every little effort you make never goes unnoticed by us. (like filming and holding the light at the same time haha)

[@HornetKingOfficial]

I appreciate that! Thanks for showing your appreciation for my efforts! Makes it all worth while!!

[@reflections.with.rhonda9269]

I agree! He needs his own tv channel!

[@kamoonrathewolfgod9189]

The best part is watching the chickens eating the larva. Also enjoy watching those little beasts get sucked up with the vacuum cleaner.

[@Kitagawa_Senpai]

I introduced my girlfriend to your videos, she loved the turkey, and your squirrely squirrel from the other video. She hates bees/hornets/wasps. Let's just hope I can still make her "Hornet"

[@HornetKingOfficial]

NICE! Keep plugging the channel man! I appreciate it!

[@Coolex-k8d]

Lol.

[@Riccksu]

Is this an HK reference lol

[@viampir]

bro I wish this guy was my dad. his videos honestly comforting in a weird "hang out with dad at work" vibe. i might have to buy merch👉🏻👈🏻

[@datway2479]

Do u have a dad?? If so what a shame !!

[@theoneTMoney]

@@datway2479 what?

[@TheWaynelds]

Bro? Who the hell is “bro”?

[@TheWaynelds]

@Jacob Prieto Nah, I’m not bro or bruh. I’m, dude, guy, or man.

[@margowinterlake]

@Jacob Prieto i see you with that techno pfp lmao

[@YourFriendJessie]

as a vespaphobe - whenever i move, i always have the property searched before moving in to make sure there's no nests. as soon as i see one wasp - immediate search

[@TheLambdaTeam]

I hate wasps, I really do.If I find a nest, I devastate it, along with the inhabitantz. I do like bees tho, they're cute, and they give us honey and crops.

[@nightyy5576]

wasp: i like crawling around my beautiful nest, surely no one will *AH-* **vacuum noises**

[@alvexok5523]

Just my opinion, he should've continued picking those remaining combs apart and vacuuming up those wasps while still in the ceiling space, rather than place them in that container and carry it outside the house, lift the lid, and do it all there

[@slator2662]

i am absolutely blown away by the effort you put into your videos,and you always strive to be better,keep it up

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thank you so much!! I really appreciate your feedback! I work hard on these videos!

[@derse9081]

i got stung for the very first time the other day! right on my toe 😬 but i felt like a total nerd when my family called it a hornet and i corrected them “no, this is an eastern yellow jacket”.. 😹 thanks for the great videos!!

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Sorry to hear that!

[@spheresong]

Video request, do a collab with a bee keeper so we can see a comparison between wasps and bees. Like how their combs differ, how they differ in caring for young, what is similar and what is different between their anatomy at different development stages, etc.

[@tommyb1two3]

I'm really impressed with the quality of the footage, especially with regards to the lighting, it looks incredible.

[@ziprima6224]

Love the vids Man

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thank you!

[@BackroomsExplorer-es2tm]

Hornet King dude if you ever accidentally kill the queen please put it next to a worker so we can see the difference up close

[@HornetKingOfficial]

@@BackroomsExplorer-es2tm I show that in a lot of videos.

[@BackroomsExplorer-es2tm]

Hornet King oooh ok

[@XiaoFury]

I dunno bout y'all, but watching that vacuum eat the envelope is stress relieving.

[@molliesollenberger6830]

I love how you compost the contents of the vacuum!

[@petershipman8391]

I love the informative commentary you give during your videos. I learn so much from them! Better than a discovery channel video!

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thanks so much, Pete!

[@heatherk.9937]

Really cool to see that close up emergence!

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thanks, Heather! My favorite shot!

[@Sunshine-and-lollipops]

Wow, what a beautiful nest. The eastern yellow jackets had worked very hard. . Love watching the removals and to see weather you relocate or recycle them back to your feathered and fur family. Love your video's 💖🌞thank you

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thank you so much!!

[@wildfiresnap]

It’s always interesting to see one of the rare Eastern yellowjacket wall nests. I believe you’ve removed two before?

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Exactly! Definitely a rarity!

[@wildfiresnap]

Hornet King I swear I’ve learned more about wasps from watching your channel than from anywhere else, and that’s great because I want to study them when I get out of college

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thats awesome! I appreciate that!

[@alan30189]

Yes, they do seem to go after wrists, ankles, and your head. That’s where they stung me the most, when I got stung when a little kid, by a ground nest of Eastern Yellow Jackets. I have an idea. Make a Y-attachment for your shop vac, and have two tubes coming out with flexible hose and new hard tubes on the ends. This will prevent the vacuum from sucking too hard, and you can suck up more yellow jackets quicker with two hoses, using both hands. You’d have to clamp your camera on a tripod, or a joist in this case. Also, an option would be to tape one of the tubes to where the yellow jackets are coming in, and then use the other tube to suck them off the nest. You could probably make the Y-attachment with PVC pipe. Where’s Angel? 🐓

[@One.DeSanctis.]

Angel went to the great chicken run in the sky last year.😢

[@dillestvillian]

Hmmm. Good idea, can put a plastic ball value on one hose to adjust air flow too.

[@codeblue2532]

alan30189 : now you have me thinking GO~PRO, HEAD~LAMP, AND A PERFORATED NOZZLE WITH ROTATING SOLID SLEEVE THAT CAN VARY THE STRENGTH OF SUCTION.......well you know the rest of it....

[@banananana810]

Hey man, been here since 3k, I am amazed at you channels growth, and wish you success! I gotta ask, i'm in the NJ area, and I think there is a wasp nest in my house. They seem to be getting in through a crack outside, is sealing the crack with expandable foam going to trap the wasps, and kill them from overheating, suffocation, starvation, etc? Or should I see a professional wasp remover, I see only a few enter and exit once in a while, and I just noticed this.

[@HornetKingOfficial]

In most cases, sealing a nest entrance way that enters your house, will only force them to seek another exit...which usually translates to them chewing a hole through your wall or ceiling into your living space. Best to call someone to remove it.

[@ShiftingDrifter]

Interesting you mentioned attacking wrists. I have a theory about yellow jackets going for wrists. Every time I was stung the first sting was always at the wrist where it latched on. I'm no neuro-biologist and there is a lot still unknown about human pheromones, but our wrists (among other spots) produce a high amount of pheromones in our sweat. A lot of first attack stings from these species seem to occur on the underside of wrists at those sweat glands. From what I've researched, something about our basic fight-flight instincts triggers pheromone levels strong enough the wasps can somehow detect predator scent even through thick gloves. Even though you're experienced at this, your energy and adrenaline levels are still heightened when confronting these guys and they detect it. Anyway... just a theory of mine. Great video!

[@tess_la5150]

Never soon enough. Thank you!!!!! I hope there will be more , more, more!!!!!!

[@HornetKingOfficial]

More to come! Thank you for always being here, Theresa!

[@tess_la5150]

That was really cool to see the adult come out!!!!! Hope yall are safe out there in that weather.

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thank you!! We are good, thanks!!

[@Tockohead260]

There's something so satisfying about watching you vacuum up that envelope and the adults to expose that amazing comb.

[@lynelutz]

Ohhhhh, that envelope was beautiful!! I wonder how that would look as wall paper!?! It's awesome to see how calm you stay while you work :)

[@HornetKingOfficial]

I love it! Thank you for watching!

[@Coolex-k8d]

Idk who you are but you seem nice. I’m subbed

[@lynelutz]

@@Coolex-k8d You're very kind...I never post videos, though :)

[@codeblue2532]

Lyne Lutz ::::LL, very creative.....indoor graffiti as murals and wall hangings Has become popular and trendy. Imagine having a BANKSY in your interior !i I want one accent wall of “Tagging” I can live with.

[@lynelutz]

@@codeblue2532 IF ONLY I had a wall worthy of BANKSY! However, I would settle for a framed section of envelope from a hive if I can't have a full wall papered with it ;) Stay healthy!

[@chancejon]

Great work man. Keep it up, and keep smiling. Smiling is what the world needs right now more than ever

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thank you, I will!

[@Slo_wE92]

To the stranger who is reading this hopefully you’re having a good day and god bless you

[@Chilltownify]

Have a good one internet stranger! :-)

[@torque-drive2488]

Happy group day!

[@goldfish4me]

@Fetus PC-TECH May Jesus bless your path too, Festus PC-Tech!

[@Chilltownify]

@@goldfish4me may Zeus bless you too

[@makoshark40]

Im not but thanks u2

[@adejupe8308]

For once YT's algorithm has stuck gold for me. This is ABSOLUTELY FASCINATING mate!!! A far cry from my tech stuff, but I'm hooked!!!

[@grapplesauce9939]

I wonder how that hatching hornet comes out and is utterly confused about the lack of nest and hornets around

[@messey12]

Feeding larva to your chickens is some next level flex on hornets. Thank you for your work.

[@TheLambdaTeam]

LOL, the chickenz are like "Mmmmm, this one is basement-flavored! My favourite!" :DDDDDDDD

[@vexxa366]

Bring the turkey inside they have a cold>:( (The sneezes were so cute)

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Haha stinky Turkey, gobble gobble gobble ;-)

[@JudWhite1]

Awesome shots of the pupa and adults coming out of their cell! We have one with about 50-100 on our front porch (nicely protected from wind, rain, sun) and they've been fascinating us all summer. Just tonight I saw a brave gecko get within inches of the nest, I thought it might be over but an hour later he was gone. If they keep having their current success I may be giving you a call in a couple months, fall comes late here in Texas. Cheers again and keep it up.

[@allisongear524]

Am I the only one who finds his videos relaxing? 😂

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thank you, Alison!

[@daveycortez2944]

🐝🐝 Great video brother. I think the homeowner was equally scared and amazed at the same time. You always do great work. Great commentary!!!

[@CSW994]

Love the huge wasp nest removals. Idk why but it’s so satisfying watching it

[@kathyturner6177]

I just love watching the chickens and the turkey earring. Best part of it to see you call them and here they come🐔🐓

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Crazy Birds!

[@FFRN00B]

Wait, does this man do a full voiceover for each of his videos? That's pretty awesome.

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Yes! Thanks for watching!

[@Coolex-k8d]

He sure does.

[@coloringwithd]

Again, great video. Love watching you separating the nests and finding the queen. Tweezing is good, but watching the chickens and turkey eat the larva is better. Thank you for sharing ♥♥♥

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thank you so much for the feedback!

[@bmrjma2144]

That queen was HUGE!!!

[@Thetis058]

That nest had quite a cool design and the coloration was also really cool . That homeowner sure was interested in what you where doing with these wasp . Always great to see the chickens and the turkey as well as the squirrels eat their wasp larva treat . Keep the videos coming never a dull one yet .

[@BigRatNuggz]

Those chickens about to eat good

[@alvexok5523]

If you consider eating a pile of maggots good. Well, the chickens liked them

[@OddMeterMusic]

Mad respect for the skill it takes to video and vacuum up wasps. That’s crazy.

[@Jayako12]

Hornet King: "Remember guys, you always have to BEE aware"

[@VanessaDownen]

I appreciate that the homeowner was interested in learning about the nest. It's pretty cool stuff

[@DJX435]

I love the intro man! It’s been awhile since I’ve popped by huh?

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thanks man! Thanks for stopping by!

[@lizimpey6338]

Yea!!!!!!! 🥳🥳🥳 Been checking for a new post, brilliant video but each post I see I get to feel more sorry for the wasps. 🥺 We need a new relocation just so I can feel less guilty! Glad your back😁👍

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thats awesome! Thank you! There are PLENTY of relocation videos coming!!

[@tamaradavis3693]

awwwhh, don't speed the tweeze... jk I do enjoy how cathartic watching you tweeze really is. This is one of your coolest videos to date. Thanks for sharing.

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thank you, Tamara!! ❤❤❤

[@Blackve1l]

whenever the comb brushes something- doesnt matter if it's a spade, against other comb, against your glove as you handle it- that dry, rough sound it makes is super satisfying for me

[@Slo_wE92]

Love you’re vids already subscribed

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thanks for subbing! Thank you for watching, Joel!

[@charrydog22]

I'm so happy to see that Turkey is no longer running away from Ginger when it comes to larvae feeding time!!

[@robertmalis4493]

I’m not sure what type of turkey you got but it looks like a common white and they are genetically modified to grow very fast he may have a lot of health complications in the near future at least that’s been my experience love the video

[@cliffordpereira1189]

One of the most genuine guys there is out there, love these videos!

[@parryhotter4283]

"They will fly to a window because they prefere natural light over artificial light" Can you please tell the wasp in my flat that has been in here for a week how it should behave?

[@steveshoemaker6347]

I see thanks again are in...Order again....Thanks bro....Cool stuff to watch....Stay safe my friend..!!

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thank you so much, Steve!

[@ravenmationsyt3443]

Why was my first response to you dumping the larva into your hand: "EAT THEM"???

[@Paul_Sleeping]

Mad respect for the home owner. He is my hero besides Hornet King. In the same room in T and shorts. Even if HK says he is in no danger, it still takes guts to be in there.

[@jackiebeckwith5317]

The pattern on the nest looks like marble.

[@jaymelwill]

Fantastic footage of newly emerging yellow jacket. Great stuff !

[@carolcrane9153]

What do you with the yellow jacket Queen after you have removed the nest? Many thanks Carol

[@HornetKingOfficial]

She is dispatched with her colony. Thanks for watching, Carol!

[@jenniferagrusa3155]

Another amazing video Bret!!! Loved it!

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Glad you enjoyed it! Thank you for watching!!

[@bunnymerlin]

*would want to do this, but my irrational fear would make me fall of the ladder*

[@briansegers674]

What a treat finding this channel. I used hate wasps now im more interested. When I was a kid in northern California i almost walked into a massive honey bee hive in a dead tree. Was one of the scariest experiences of my life. Thanks for the education

[@keganE621]

I think you should encase the queen in epoxy and sell them it would be cool

[@Gavosh1977]

Fascinating close up of a wasp hatching... something I have never seen before, thank you

[@lindong2481]

I bet you could use that wasp compost as a natural fertilizer for plants 🤣

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Totally!

[@Electronichub_05]

Cody's lab made charcoal out of bee's lol

[@leeds7892]

@@HornetKingOfficial i was wondering if you have done any bees before? i think you need a special licence but idrk

[@tamijocampbell4629]

The paper on this one was so may layers wow ..oddly enough i find their paper so beautiful. . i love when you show us them chewing then adding the little strip. I could watch them do the entire nest i swear. It amazes me

[@torque-drive2488]

Hello, M.r. King

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Hello!

[@elijahsdad]

Pretty nest. Usually yellow jackets build these dull gray nests. This one was a nice color.

[@munchiequeen6924]

Show the like button some love guys!!

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Bless you!

[@reflections.with.rhonda9269]

I always learn so much from you. I need to support your channel.

[@ombremoon45]

Oooh, early squad :D

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Thank you, Jenna!

[@pennyoflaherty1345]

Just love watching your Tom Turkey seeing youcalling him . Even through internet I can hear him Gobblegobblegobble🤓

[@emilyc5441]

WHY DID I CLICK ON THIS OMFG my trypophobia could neverrrr

[@alexisgrunden1556]

I could never do this; I don't even want to come face-to face with a nest like this! But from a nice, safe distance, like, say, clear across the interwebs? I can admire how pretty the striated layers and swirls of the envelope are~

[@chrislaezur730]

Hory shet That’s a big melon

[@HornetKingOfficial]

YES!

[@turtlefast7251]

Try eating it

[@FuneFox]

Its tasty to

[@weabooedgelordiv1621]

Why did I like this video so much? I never had a wasp problem, and you’d think I would even give 2 shits.

[@mexicoballgaming2611]

Wasp world

[@nightyy5576]

you are actually so brave, i would never have the braveness to do that

[@youraveragesassyzenyatta2730]

Me : hey do you wanna see this video? Bee protection protester: sure! *Shows video of wasp removal* Me: oh I forgot you wanna protect bees Bee protection protester: nah it's fine wasp are horrible and the dont even help the environment. All they do is attack people! Me : true.

[@PublicVoidStart909]

I call bs, wasps are in fact pollinators, and modern honey bees are actually invasive to North American, and are killing other natural pollinators, like bumblebees

[@youraveragesassyzenyatta2730]

@@PublicVoidStart909 I knew that . But thank you for spreading knowledge!

[@kenconley9642]

I'm actually terrified of wasps but I'm addicted to theses videos! Love your channel:)

[@queefedworm]

13:26 attack on titan anyone?

[@ssip7339]

Yes 😂

[@humidpuddle8897]

Lol

[@TFSneps]

Just wanted to say I LOVE your vids! I actually have a huge fear of flying insects and the sound of the buzz freaks me out, but I love that yours in mainly commentary! Can’t wait to see more!

[@freshbaldoctoling9246]

Hi I’m first

[@BenignSteak2716]

14th

[@Coolex-k8d]

BiggieCheese1738 lol

[@_e92_]

I love the way you talk to your chickens😍😍

[@hollow795]

HK, another satisfying and educational video!! All the best to you, brother. 😎

[@kelpero3721]

I can't believe how fascinating this was.