Civil War of the First Crusade - Medieval History DOCUMENTARY

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Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the First Crusade continues with the aftermath of the battle of Civetot of 1096 ( • People's Crusade: Batt... ) during the so-called People's Crusade of the First Crusade and the battle of Nicaea of 1097 ( • Princes' Crusade Begin... ) as the Princes' Crusade began. The Crusaders continued moving into the Asia Minor and had to fight against the forces of the Seljuk Sultan of Rum Kilij Arslan in Dorylaeum ( • Battle of Dorylaeum 10... ) and after the victory over the sultan, the road to Syria was open, leading to the Siege of Antioch in 1097-1098 ( • Siege of Antioch 1097-... ), but the partial victory of the crusaders in this siege was followed by a counter-attack of various Seljuk generals, leading to the biggest battle of the First Crusade - the battle of Antioch ( • Biggest Battle of the ... ). In the aftermath of the battle, the crusade almost collapsed, as the infighting between the princes became too difficult to resolve leading to a Civil War like situation ( • Civil War of the First... ).
Previous videos on the Crusades, Bulgaria, and the Byzantine Empire:
Battle of Manzikert 1071 - • First Crusade: Battle ...
Battle of Kalavrye 1078 - • First Crusade - Rise o...
Creation of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum - • First Crusade: Partiti...
Pope Urban II's call for Crusade - • How Pope Urban II Spar...
Battle of Civetot 1096 - • People's Crusade: Batt...
Battle of Nicaea 1097 - • Princes' Crusade Begin...
Battle of Dorylaeum 1097 - • Battle of Dorylaeum 10...
Siege of Antioch 1097-98 - • Siege of Antioch 1097-...
Battle of Antioch 1098 - • Biggest Battle of the ...
Rise of Bulgaria - Battle of Tryavna 1190 - • Rise of Bulgaria - Eve...
Sack of Constantinople 1204 - • Sack of Constantinople...
Battle of Adrianople 1205 - • Battle of Adrianople 1...
Battle of Klokotnitsa 1230 - • Battle of Klokotnitsa ...
How the Romans Retook Constantinople - Pelagonia 1259: • How the Romans Retook ...
What Was Lost in the Sack of Constantinople - • What Was Lost in the S...
Varangians - Elite Bodyguards of the Byzantine Emperors - • Varangians - Elite Bod...
Siege of Damascus 634 - Arab - Byzantine Wars - • Siege of Damascus 634 ...
Byzantine Empire Strikes Back - Battle of Nikiou 646 - • Byzantine Empire Strik...
Siege of Constantinople 717-718 - Arab-Byzantine Wars - • Siege of Constantinopl...
Pliska 811 - Byzantine - Bulgarian Wars - Pliska 811 - Byzantine - Bulgarian Wars
Versinikia 813 - Byzantine - Bulgarian Wars - • Versinikia 813 - Byzan...
Third Crusade 1189-1192: From Hattin to Jaffa - • Third Crusade 1189-119...
Basil II - Reformer, Restorer, Bulgarslayer - • Basil II - Reformer, R...
Creation of the Medieval Roman Army - • Creation of the Mediev...
Strategikon - Army Manual of the Eastern Roman Empire - • Strategikon - Army Man...
Elite and Levy Units of the Eastern Roman Army - • Elite and Levy Units o...
Medieval Battles - • Early Muslim Expansion...
Support us on Patreon: / kingsandgenerals or Paypal: paypal.me/kingsandgenerals or by joining the youtube membership: / @kingsandgenerals We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: docs.google.com/document/d/1o...
The video was made by Martin Stamatov, while the script was researched and written by Georgi Kolev. This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & kzbin.info/door/79s.... The art was created by Nargiz Isaeva. Machinimas by MalayArcher on Total War: Attila engine.
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Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsound.com
#Documentary #FirstCrusade #History

[@KingsandGenerals]

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[@michaelsinger4638]

The fact that the crusade succeeded in the end despite all this is remarkable.

[@antonywayne8487]

These dudes must have thought they were invincible after they took Jerusalem. I'd have thought I was one of God's favorites after this shit.

[@ccptube3468]

They were drunk with the Belief of Religion just like the Saracens who still are up to this day!

[@LeSethX]

It's amazing that the previous one, the People's Crusade, actually helped. Because when a rabble of peasant "crusaders" reached the Muslim world first and promptly was crushed, the Seljuk leaders just dismissed the next crusader army as a threat compared to internal problems.

[@themercifulguard3971]

@@LeSethX It's crazy how Seljuk princes were more interested in fighting over the title of a true Seljuk emperor compared to a Christian army coming all the way from Europe

[@blacklight4720]

There was civil war within Muslim world back when first crusade arrived. It makes sense that both sides struggle.

[@skewed9942]

The fact that so many stayed after famine, infighting and disease speaks volumes about the conviction of the participants One of my favorite series of yours without a doubt

[@apexnext]

Yeah I figured they went through some hard times. But I had no idea the intricacies of their own infighting! 😳 It's truly fascinating. Almost unbelievable this could come together at all, let alone work! 😳

[@rexcroatorum7654]

@@NotoriousSRG your point?

[@lordweaselfreak]

Heroes all

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

@@lordweaselfreak Tell this to Jesus, he says they are infidels

[@lordweaselfreak]

@@user-xu9ji4dd4e they are seated with him in heaven, praise be to God for their sacrifice

[@atlerthedark3639]

Bohemond of Taranto had fought against the Byzantines in Southern Italy before the Crusade. You can only imagine how wary Alexios was when Bohemond showed up, promising to help, and how much he must have felt his suspicions were vindicated by Bohemond's later betrayal!

[@christianvalencia4489]

Pretty sure Alexios was waiting for something like this but he had no option but to take the risk.

[@user-ln8eh5nq3q]

Alexios will get his revenge at the second battle of dyrrachium 1107 when bohemond will attempt an invasion

[@angusyang5917]

Bohemond and Alexios had some serious beef with each other; their entire careers were dominated by one getting even with and one-upping another with jabs, battles, and humiliations. Even after Bohemond's final defeat in 1107, he duped Alexios by promising to return Antioch to the Byzantines as soon as Bohemond returned to it, which he never did, leaving the principality to his son Bohemond II.

[@SavvaSou]

That dog Bohemond got what was coming to him in the end. Died with nothing, and his only son died after being ambushed. His head was sent to the Abbasid Caliph as a trophy afterwards.

[@angusyang5917]

Should also note that Tatikios, the Byzantine general who left the Crusaders two episodes earlier, has also been accused of abandoning the Crusaders b/c he didn't return back. However, it seems more likely that he actually intended to return at some point, b/c he left behind all of his personal possessions w/ the Crusaders, and was probably ordered by Alexios I to do something else, while supplies continued to go to the Crusaders by sea.

[@2bit8bytes]

This was noted in a previous video.

[@thegreekguy1124]

Exactly,Byzantium by no means betrayed the crusaders at any point. If this had happened supplies would have stopped coming. After all Byzantium didn't have resources to spare for nothing

[@ragael1024]

@@thegreekguy1124 correct. Alexios gave more than any would have given, and kept the supply line alive for as long as the crusade was believed to be on his side. but Alexios was still struggling recapturing castle after castle, yet the crusaders demonstrated greed beyond reason. also, the bastards killed not just muslims(the enemy) but christians all the same. loot was all it mattered.

[@QuestioningYam]

@@ragael1024 “greed beyond reason” 10,000s of thousands die to take a city the Byzantians promised to aid in taking, who couldn’t take any of the hundreds the crusaders took for them and chose to give back, they died to get you back all of your nation and you can’t spare some men? Asinine, the greed was displayed by Byzantium and further proof of that is their precipitous decline as a “nation”, karma got them real bad

[@fiddlesticks7245]

Byzantine apologetics are wild. You guys will spout and endless amount of lies to excuse the actions of a group of people infamous for their scheming and betrayals.

[@absolutelydemonic]

I like to think of it as other Crusaders slightly trolling Bohemont, thinking he'd either fail or not accept entirely but after he actually took the city, Crusaders collectively experienced a so-called "Bruh moment" and now had to think of a viable solution to follow through with the promise to Bohemont and not screw over Alexios. God I love history, it's too relatable.

[@vilimandrusz174]

"Manpower and supplies were depleting, the connection to the Empire was severed, but the crusade could still be salvaged, because - as always - Bishop Adhemar was there to moderate and lead the Princes to a compromise....until he died." Lmao they got me with that one.

[@denniscleary7580]

There was always some challenge to their endeavors, but it’s still amazing how they were able to persevere despite everything working against the crusaders. Thank you so much Kings.

[@labkone3921]

They were the Agressors.

[@labkone3921]

They invaded mosques and massacres worshipers. Sometimes blood would reach the ankles

[@apexnext]

@@labkone3921 not denying that. In fact, here in America, the only lessons I learned of any crusade was _"Christians were bad, killed and stole stuff."_ That was the entirety of my crusade knowledge from high school. I think we are mostly just history fanatics and can appreciate the intricacies of the invasion, socially, politically, and on the battlefield. I feel you think that western culture doesn't view the crusades as invaders, I think most of us do. But we can appreciate it just as much as the Mongols "invasions", as much as Early Muslim Expansion "invaded". It's just human history.

[@helveticaneptune537]

They were the barbaric uncivilised hordes invading the civilised world

[@williamalvarez9563]

@@labkone3921 so? If the choice was so what would you be? The aggressor or the victim?

[@EnclaveEmily]

Have I ever mentioned how much these videos help me learn and get through a day? Because they do

[@nenenindonu]

3:50 I wasn't expecting that Khazar Khaganate to be present in 1098

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

@@donaldseigel4101 Are they Chinese, like the Khazars, or are they Iranian?

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

@@donaldseigel4101 True, and King Khosrau I married his son, the King of the Khazars, in order to help him against the Turk tribes in Central Asia, and our actions helped him in his wars.

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

@@donaldseigel4101 But why did the Khazar Turks help the Persian state against their Turkish brothers?

[@seanpoore2428]

Are there any plans to continue the Italian Wars series?? This video is great but there's already so much content on the crusades, whereas the Italian Wars are a much less covered topic

[@KingsandGenerals]

Yep, the next video is ready and will be published soon

[@seanpoore2428]

@@KingsandGenerals hell yes! Genuinely excellent news, And many thanks for the response!

[@sidahmedheros]

@@KingsandGenerals Do More Videos About The Roman Empire And Early Muslim Expansion

[@razaalee9477]

Please keep these videos coming fast. Upload this seris every week please.

[@Drew151Proof]

this first crusade series is just stunning. Thank you guys so much for this. Its intriguing to see how much turmoil and grabs for power there was going on. I really can t help but imagine what could have been had the Byzantines been more able to help the crusaders. I know there was much untrust between the Byzantine Empire and the Norman knights. But just seems like so much future trouble was sown in these dark days of the first crusade.

[@JR-mi3ip]

Always the best content. Such a good channel.

[@JohnnyElRed]

There is something I don't understand. Did Raymond knew that Internal Affairs was setting him up?

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

Raymond, wait for the battle of blood, my friend

[@leecouper7949]

Thank you for your content.

[@imlaughinq7445]

thank you so much for this!

[@davidcunningham2074]

fascinating and riveting story telling!

[@ancientsitesgirl]

fascinating!! I love this channel! 😍😍😍

[@-RONNIE]

Thank you for the information in this video

[@robbabcock_]

Great video!⚔

[@Frost_Trow]

That add opening was absolutely wild lmao

[@zarehh123]

This is my favorite series!!

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

The Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth Crusades Say The Curse

[@lerneanlion]

I've just noticed this. There is no video about the Fifth Crusade on this channel yet. From what I've read, it seemed to be the worst of all crusades in the eyes of the Catholic Christians because they gained nothing and even lost plenty of lives.

[@StrawHalo44]

The answer to your question

[@lerneanlion]

@@StrawHalo44 I just wanted to see why peoples do not talk much about the crusades after the forth one, which is understandable. But don't they know the rest of them have nothing to do with Constantinople anymore?

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

@@lerneanlion Loser

[@beachboy0505]

Excellent video 📹

[@HellenicWolf]

great video, thanksss

[@devintremain9062]

thank u great video

[@vitorpereira9515]

With all the desertions, the infighting among the nobles and that poor excuse of logistics is a miracle of God the success of the crusade. PS: I have a suggestion for what if cenario. what if Frederico Barbarossa hadn't died? What would be the course of the third crusade? Would Richard of England cooperate with him?

[@tatarcavalry2342]

seljuk turks and arabs also had civil wars and infighting but crusaders had and endured much more indeed

[@staC-wh6ik]

or perhaps a reminder that God didn't want more blood spilled over there. Interesting final questions, anyway.

[@vitorpereira9515]

@@staC-wh6ik Or adversities were tests of faith to separate the wheat from the chaff.

[@BugRod64]

it was a completely immoral invasion.

[@vitorpereira9515]

@@BugRod64 Is there any moral invasion but D-Day?

[@trnguy6137]

I'm still waiting for that reference to the holy hand grenade of Antioch..

[@IcelandNick]

1:53 to skip ad btw

[@pakshirajan8585]

Please make a video on Chahamana (Chauhan) Dynasties (c. 551 - 1315 CE)

[@barnabaszu]

great vid

[@mikemodugno5879]

Excellent video, as always. Looking forward to your Kingdom of Georgia content. Two thumbs up.

[@brokenbridge6316]

I had heard that the leaders of this crusade had disagreed pretty severally. But not to this extent. Nice video.

[@TheManCaveYTChannel]

Best history channel

[@AlexC-ou4ju]

success despite all the odds being against you is all the more impressive.

[@Pentagathusosaurus]

Another great video. That segue into the sponsored ad was definitely not your smoothest though 😅

[@user-yr4js5zq1k]

God how I missed the First crusade series

[@markusskram4181]

Cool vid

[@solider191]

Hope we have all the crusades history in the future.

[@Lethargie55]

Why is at 03:33 Sewastopol called Cherson? What was the ancient name of this city?

[@KingsandGenerals]

Yep, it was called Chersonesus

[@QuestioningYam]

Can you make a series on the transition period between the split of eastern and western rome, the fall of western rome and the rise of the nations we see by 1099?

[@jamelcasino5093]

This is House of Dragons on Crack 😂🤣😂

[@user-yh5pc1fz8f]

I think that what happened was a natural thing in their first campaign to a land they had not seen before and a weak planning for the aftermath of the victory, except for the issue of lack of cooperation between them and Byzantium. That is why we say that Europe lost victory in the second crusade.

[@TheOldBlackShuckyDog]

Love the videos guys but would be quite nice to see an actual source list.

[@kennyPAGC]

What's the link of the previous video you're referring to?

[@kang8098]

THE CONTENT Is ExCellent to please the INVINCIBLE KANG. THANKS TO KINGS AND GENERAL.

[@paulceglinski7172]

Smashed the like button as a sacrifice to the Algorithm. Cheers.

[@sourabhmayekar3354]

Gr8 1

[@Rolilasx]

Ah, the good old French pride, you can always count on it to mess up a situation 🤣

[@RoboticDragon]

You say "Back in June 1009" can you explain this date? It makes little sense to me. Is it like june 10th? Or is it meant to be like june and the year 1009?

[@KingsandGenerals]

June of the year 1009.

[@RoboticDragon]

@@KingsandGenerals So that event with Stephen happened 89 years prior? I thought he deserted this crusade. That or I completely missed something in the video.

[@KingsandGenerals]

@@RoboticDragon sorry about that, should be 1098, narration mistake.

[@apexnext]

Nice to know the team at K&G is human after all. 😎👍

[@sourabhmayekar3354]

Wow

[@ajmaingaming4489]

After finishing the series of the first crusade, could you make vids on the crusade of 1101 where Seljuks of Rûm fought the Crusaders once again

[@WissHH-]

No

[@cnw6306]

Oh yeah, the next is siege of maarat huh? Yeah i can't wait for it 💀

[@theodorsebastian4272]

And to think this is the best and most successful crusade.

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

yes

[@Spacklatard]

all this argueing the toss at Antioch is really about who controlled the Holy Handgrenade

[@jonbaxter2254]

I imagine the Turks in the citadel watching this all go down...

[@sahilahmed597]

Can you make series on Julies Ceasar

[@KingsandGenerals]

We have 2 of them

[@mazenaljayousi49]

Keep it up 👍🏻

[@abdirahmanfarah885]

Hi Kings and generals,what happened to the Alexander series❓❓❓😕⁉️‼️

[@KingsandGenerals]

It takes time to make videos

[@kostasperdikis2256]

Imagine a world where the crusaders could have capitalized on their victories and held their states in Judea and Lebanon

[@berradaleonardo5417]

What victories ?, they were around 10 crusades 8 won by the muslims 2 by the christians.

[@AlexC-ou4ju]

@@berradaleonardo5417 i think he refers to the first one when the levant was decolonised. Like I think he's saying ' imagine a world where jerusalem had been held by the Crusaders.'

[@sagaramskp]

Same like colonism did. Britain and French colonised middle East for some time. Eventually they will be repelled. Colonialism started as ongoing crusade by Portugese. So we can see what would have happened. Loot the locals and thrown out

[@thegreekguy1124]

Or even better a world where Byzantine aristocrats maintained trust in Romanos II after the defeat in Manjikert,which would probably lead to Byzantium maintaining control over Anatolia,thus the crusades would strat from Antioch with Alexandria as their final goal. And the new crusader states would be not in Tripoli,Edessa,Antioch and Jerusalem but in Gaza,Alexandria,Cairo and Suez

[@toko125]

Can you make a video about the battle of Didgori and David the Builder? The Battle of Didgori was fought between the armies of the Kingdom of Georgia and the Great Seljuq Empire

[@KingsandGenerals]

Yep, both in the works

[@toko125]

@@KingsandGenerals Thanks 😍

[@mikemodugno5879]

@@KingsandGenerals So exiting. Thank you very much.

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

Too many heads is a bad army.

[@EraKindak]

Woah Napoleon

[@wedgeantillies66]

Given how the crusaders leaders fell to sq Ambling amongst themselves over the division of the spoils, personal grebious with one another and deciding which oaths to honour. It is a wonder that the first crusade made it to Jerusalem, let alone conquer it and created the crusaders states thereafter .

[@TheBanjoShowOfficial]

2:53 “June 1009” did you mean 1090? I don’t know

[@ACRJ06]

Good video, but that sponsor is wacky as hell

[@-JA-]

🙂👍

[@markransom9198]

*Fight

[@R2jjj]

that Islamic army was so cruel that they have made a crusade

[@criscoduck3922]

Looking forward to the next chapter! TYVM 😃👍

[@mq9047]

Sacrificial algorithm comment

[@vane909090]

So in the end it was pride. It's always pride isn't it?

[@imawormbeforeiamman6052]

For power, wealth and maybe Slaves

[@maxrcrypto]

A new Crusader video, an instant like

[@Catonius]

"festival of inter-species breeding," I thought you were about to say you were sponsored by the UN...

[@Jackasaurus]

This crusade had absolutely no right to succeed

[@dracandros]

Deus Vult !

[@MohamedMohamed-ws7mq]

Are you planning on continuing the early Muslim expansion

[@KingsandGenerals]

Yep, the next video is ready, looking for a good spot to release it

[@andrewyarosh1809]

It’s not Ge-NOH-a. It’s GEN-o-a.

[@flashgordon1262]

😃

[@xe2594]

Another bad few weeks. This helps on the late nights.

[@thedude9461]

The title of this video gives me an aneurysm. It is in need of some serious editing

[@Caligulashorse1453]

I now have a better understanding of why the reformation happened…

[@StephanthePelted]

This type of political intrigue should've been what Crusader Kings is about.. yet the game is so shallow and far from what its namesake claimed to be

[@apexnext]

I honestly had no idea the turmoil they went through. It's almost unbelievable! 😳 Once again my schooling has completely failed me. _Every crusade_ was taught as "Christians did bad things, stole stuff, end of story..."

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

Crusaders kill Christians. No wonder the Romans, Bulgarians and Serbs fought the Crusaders

[@FieldHoodGaming]

The whole thing was a human disappointment. Even the Romans failed to regain Antioch

[@user-xu9ji4dd4e]

The Romans succeeded, but the Turks and the Kurds took him

[@nureddinmahmudzengi1406]

Crusade of 1101... 👀👀

[@Cumanshot]

🌝

[@apexnext]

Wait.... The _first_ crusade isn't the final one? ... 😁

[@williamalvarez9563]

14:05 very irresponsable, instead of leading himself Urban II was content with others leaving everything behind to fight his wars, just like modern leaders, so very progressive of him.

[@bread5049]

Did you even listen why he didn't lead it?

[@MDP1702]

Urban II wasn't just busy with the crusade, he had as the pope a lot more responsabilities than just that. Besides that he already was around 65 years old and would die a few months later around the same time Jerusalem got taken.

[@WissHH-]

The moment u read "progressive" in this context u know how messed up your useless opinion is

[@mahdighorbani505]

just alexander the great documentary

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

A peasant should’ve shouted “I’ll take it!” when the princes were fighting, volunteering to take the lance to the depths of Jerusalem.

[@M3chUpN8y]

Screw this, screw this Crusade, screw Bohemond! 😂

[@apexnext]

I love when they do that kinda stuff. 😂

[@Sp-zj5hw]

We are fortunate that my ancestor, Anna Komnena sat and wrote everything down.

[@dmdrosselmeyer]

What a shitshow! Super interesting but the misery, at times, is palpable lol

[@catmonarchist8920]

Shows the reason why the chain of command exists

[@dmdrosselmeyer]

To quote Napoleon, "I believe that one bad general is better than two good ones. War, like government, is a matter of tact."

[@Wonderwhoopin]

My neighbor tried to interbreed with his cousin and let me tell you, wrong turn movies dang close to truth. Hey I’m jack im from Kentucky 😂

[@bigsarge2085]

✌️

[@stephenbooth3196]

If Alexios never intended to go to Antioch, then why did he leave Constantinople and make a show that he was? Your claim does not make any sense.

[@leeboy26]

I don't think they put that across very clearly. Alexios clearly intended a quick march to Antioch but was perturbed by news of a large army from Chorasan under Ishmael. Most of the sources seem to agree Stephen's hysterical self justifications for fleeing were the main reasons for Alexios' change of plan.

[@stephenbooth3196]

@@leeboy26 So claiming "he never intended" was a poor choice of words.

[@leeboy26]

@@stephenbooth3196 Yeah I reckon.

[@fiddlesticks7245]

Because it's wrong. It's just an embarrassing example of Byzantine apologetics. Had he claimed Stefan's report perturbed Alexios into abandoning his plan to reinforce them, he'd be undermining his narrative that the Byzantines dindu nuffin wrong.

[@nokran1054]

some Indian history , please

[@Catonius]

Nah

[@marshallsilverstar9636]

They will do Alexander's expedition in India . But true we can have some more

[@sahilahmed597]

Hi

[@fratsan9979]

I think the Muslim world could have done better, they only fought with the Seljuks, but there were many Muslim countries in the region. Yet the crusaders fought well

[@moonshadowsong]

Unfight, the Caliphate was busy trying to hold the only city left under his power Baghdad and Egypt under shai, and every other leader as you can see trying to eat as much land from other

[@apexnext]

Yeah. I feel like in previous videos in the series they explained the Muslims were both divided and shocked at the crusaders success. I can see why they wouldn't have united in time.

[@S4ngheli05]

@@apexnext I guess to a certain extent, they were even more divided than the crusaders themselves, which seems kinda hard after watching this video ngl :D

[@themanfromtheeast2048]

one of the biggest terrorist wars wages on humanity and a vast record of war crimes.

[@S4ngheli05]

But then one could argue that the same was done to the romans who lived there before, and the persians etc before them.... Better not dwell on the past :)

[@Omer1996E.C]

@@S4ngheli05 proof please. Yes, crusaders massacred almost all muslim civilians, but did muslims did this to the Christians after the crusades? And show me any reliable proof that any massacre happened by muslims, after the first muslim expansion. Muslim expansion was even more favorable than Alexander the great conquests, that were considered tolerant You can't see muslims from andulusia in Spain, but you can find egyptian, Syrian, palestinian, iraqi, etc... Orthodox Christians from the middle ages in the middle east

[@Omer1996E.C]

@@DroknarsForge4198 first, yes muslims were majority throughout the middle east by the 11th century Second, I haven't read any reliable source that tells that crusaders treated civilians well, not even from local orthodox Christians

[@Omer1996E.C]

@@DroknarsForge4198 when I said "middle east" I meant all of the middle east except Armenia, Anatolia & Antioch. And yes, there were some Muslims, rarely treated well, these examples you gave me are one in tens at least, because it is documented by tens of other Muslim historians & ibn jubayr himself that most Muslims were oppressed and heavily taxed, with exceptionally severe punishments and for the first time, free people became serfs to European nobilities, after they were free farmers under the former Islamic rule (he wasn't there during the massacres, as ibn taimiyya, and other writers)

[@Omer1996E.C]

@@DroknarsForge4198 still, these were rare. Go to every history book about the crusades, it clearly shows that most Muslims were massacred, if not, they were used for crusades good. 50 percent tax isn't repressive? Most islamic states collected 2.5 to 25 percent only, and according to Islamic laws, it was only 2.5 percent of surplus stocks of products. I see that you're trying to beautify the image of the crusades. Even if they said that the crusades weren't that bad, remember that all of these words come from the times of saladin, where he was continously threatening crusaders from mistreating Muslims (although they were traitorous), especially after the battle of hittin. And with ibn taimmyas documents, we see the aftermath of the crusades and their impact on local people, when you talk about crusaders kind of tolerating muslims, you are mostly referring to after sometimes 2nd, but mostly 3rd crusades time line, when muslims were more united under Sultan Saladin of the ayyubid Sultanate