Lecture - James Hoffmeier & Stephen Moshier

Lecture by James Hoffmeier and Stephen Moshier
"Moses Did Not Sleep Here! A Critical Look at Sensation
Exodus and Mt Sinai Theories"
Given on Saturday January 18, 2014
James K. Hoffmeier
Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology and Old Testament at Trinity International University, Divinity School (Deerfield, IL), was born in Egypt where he lived until age 16. Hoffmeier graduated from Wheaton College with a BA in Near Eastern Studies and Archaeology. Graduate studies took him to the University of Toronto where he received his MA in 1975. In 1980 he returned to Wheaton College as assistant professor and he completed his Ph.D. from the University of Toronto in 1982 in Ancient Near Eastern Religions. He remained on the faculty at Wheaton until 1999. For five years he served as Chair of the Department of Biblical and Archaeology Studies. He has been on the faculty of the Trinity Evangelical Divinity School since 1999. Dr. Hoffmeier directed excavations at Tell el-Borg between 1999 and 2008. Hoffmeier authored Israel in Egypt: Evidence for the Authenticity of the Exodus Tradition (Oxford University Press, 1997 & 1999), Ancient Israel in Sinai: Evidence for the Authenticity of the Old Testament Historiography in its Near Eastern Context
(Eisenbrauns, 1994, paperback 2010) and The Future of Biblical Archaeology (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004), The Archaeology of the Bible (Oxford: Lion Hudson, 2008), now in German, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Romanian and Norwegian. He is the author of
Immigration, Immigrants and the Bible (Crossway, 2009) and
Do Historical Matters Matter to Faith (Crossway, 2012).
Stephen O. Moshier
Professor of Geology at Wheaton College, Illinois, and serves as Chair of the Department of Geology and Environmental Science and Director of the Wheaton College Science Station. He was born and raised in Corning, New York and studied geology at Virginia Tech (BS, 1977), SUNY Binghamton (MA, 1980) and Louisiana State University (PhD, 1987). Previous professional experience included working in the petroleum industry with Mobil and AMOCO and a faculty position at the University of Kentucky. Moshiers teaching responsibilities cover areas of general geology, earth history, stratigraphy, sedimentary petrology, biogeology, and geoarchaeology. Prior to 2000 his professional interests were focused on ancient carbonates and petroleum geology. From 1998 to 2007 he served as team geologist for the Tell el-Borg excavation in the NW Sinai, Egypt and in 2008 he joined the Harvard University - Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon, Israel. He is a member of several professional societies and past president of the Kentucky Geological Society. Moshier has contributed articles to the American Assoc. Petroleum Geology Bulletin, Sedimentology, Journal of Sedimentary Research, SEPM Core Workshops, Geological Society of America Bulletin, Geological Society of London, Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, Geoarchaeology: An International Journal, and Books and Culture Magazine.

[@WalterRMattfeld]

(08 October 2023, Sunday, 08:00 a.m. EST) At 1:01:57 of this video appears on the screen the following statement in white lettering: WHERE IS MOUNT SINAI AND WHY IT DOESNT MATTER. Professor James K. Hoffmeier (a Christian Apologist and Egyptologist), on another video, explores 12 proposals for this mount and admits he was not able identify the sacred mount! Why this inability, on his part, to identify Mt. Sinai/Horeb? He stated that, for him, Mt. Sinai has to have pottery debris evidence of Israel's camp: he understands Exodus is an event of circa 1260 B C. No site has pottery debris for ca. 1260 BC (and that includes Gebel el Lawz in Saudi Arabia). Having failed to identify Mt. Sinai, Professor Hoffmeier then concludes that finding its location really doesn't matter! Contra Hoffmeier, I believe I have found Mt. Sinai, its really two sites, both of which, Hoffmeier stated he has visited in person. Why was I successful in finding Mt. Sinai when Professor Hoffmeier was unable to do so? I came to realize _it was impossible_ for the Iron Age Israelites to properly identify the age of any ancient site because they did not have access to Sir Finders Petries' Pottery Typologies which he authored by circa 1890 AD. I concluded, accordingly, that these Iron Age peoples had MISDATED ALL THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE IN THE SINAI AND NEGEV AND HAD MISUNDERSTOOD IT, GIVING FALSE EXPLANATIONS FOR ITS PRESENCE. They had misdated ALL the archaeological debris and sites in the Sinai and Negev as being ca. 1446-1406 BC based on 1 Kings 6:1. The reality was that the sites were not 1446-1406 BC, nor Hoffmeier's 1260 BC, they were of different ages: Neolithic (5000 BC), Early Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age, Late Bronze Age and Iron Age times! So, where is Mt. Sinai, contra Hoffmeier, as for me, _it really does matter!_ Site number One: Ras Safsafah is, for me, Mt. Sinai/Horeb, near Gebel Musa. Why not Gebel Musa, which pilgrims climb at night to see the sunrise? Gebel Musa is not visible from the plain of er-Raha, where I believe, Israel was mistakenly envisioned to be assembled by the Iron Age Israelites. So, where is the the archaeological evidence (the missing pottery debris demanded by Professos Hoffmeier)? In the 1990s Egyptian bulldozers unearthed a Neolithic settlement while clearing land to build a hotel for pilgrims and tourists visiting Gebel Musa and the nearby St. Catherine's Greek Orthodox Monastery. This Neolithic site was dated by its pottery debris to circa 5000 BC. It is my understanding that the Iron Age visitors (1200-562 BC), MISDATED THIS SITE AS being ca. 1446 BC and explained away its presence as being Israel's Exodus camp at Mt. Sinai/Horeb! Site Two for Mt. Sinai is the general area of Gebel Serabit el Khadim. Here archaeologists found an Egyptian mining camp seeking copper and turquoise to export back to Egypt via boats, across the Gulf of Suez (my Red Sea after an Israelite camp at Elim, for me, Ayun Musa and its 12 springs and palm trees). At Serabit el Khadim was found a temple/shrine erected to honor the Egyptian bovine goddess, Hat-Hor (Hathor). Whom, I suspect is, in part, behind the Golden Calf. Yearly, her devotees honored her with drunken, naked, sex orgies, and loud song and dance to thereby emulate her. All this being, for me, recast in the Bible as Israel honoring the Golden Calf with naked song and dance (cf. for nakedness, the King James Version of the Bible, Exodus 32:25). I understand what is behind the shattered Ten Commandments are shattered steliform tablets originally erected near mining tunnel entrances asking the gods to protect the miners and help them find rich ore vein deposits. Some of these tablets are written in a Proto-Sinaitic alphabet (ca. 1800 BC or 1500 BC), the ancestor of Hebrew. Carved into the living rock near mine entrances, over time, the forces of weathering and erosion separated these steliform tablets sending them crashing below into the rock scree debris/rubble at the mounts' feet, where upon impact they shattered! Archaeologists found them at the foot of mounts near the Hat-Hor shrine. _For me, these are what are behind Moses' shattered Ten Commandments._ I doubt these Proto-Sinatic inscriptions could be read by the Iron Age Israelites, so they "explained them away" as having been written by the finger of God, as the Ten Commandments, and misdated them ca. 1446 BC (cf. 1Kings 6:1). Today they are in safe-keeping in an Egyptian Museum. So, there you have it dear reader, the identity of Mt. Sinai, and the Ten Commandments found by myself (by circa 1990). Just south of the Hat-Hor shrine are two mounts, Gebels Ghorabi and Saniyah, perhaps Horeb and Sinai in corrupted Arabic? Google "Academia Profile Walter R. Mattfeld" for more info if the subject interests you.

[@501Mobius]

25:11 It can't be assumed Hobab lives in Midian. From Judges 4:11 "Now Heber the Kenite had left the other Kenites, the descendants of Hobab, Moses’ brother-in-law, and pitched his tent by the great tree in Zaanannim near Kedesh." Here we find that descendants of Hobab may live near Kedesh. Which is far to the north near Edrei. It is likely Hobab lives near Kedesh and may have become a Kenite. That is his own land and those are his kindred. He would thus be of use finding places to camp on the way there. He declined to go with Moses knowing how slow the Israelites travel and hurried on ahead. (We don't learn if he ever changed his mind.) If Horeb is near Jebel al-Lawz and Kadesh near Petra then Moses would know the way from Horeb to Ezion-Geber but not know the location of good camp sites from Ezion-Geber to Kadesh near Edom.

[@WalterRMattfeld]

Hoffmeier notes that the Bible has the Red Sea, Hebrew Yam Suph, being reached in 3 days: Day 1 Ramesses to Succoth; Day 2 Succoth to Etham; Day 3 Etham, turn about from, to the Red Sea. He notes a man can walk about 24 miles a day, or 2 miles an hour, for 12 hours. However, he neglects to mention that Israel had herds of cattle, sheep, and goats accompanying her and these animals move at a slower pace. Bedouin shepherds in the Sinai do not drive their goats over over 8/12 miles a day. This would place Yam Suph as roughly 24 to 36 miles east of Ramesses instead of 60 miles east of Ramesses. The problem of a Red Sea crossing at the Gulf of Aqabah and the Nuweibah beach as proposed by Ron Wyatt, Bob Cornuke, Lennart Moeller, and others, is that it is several hundred miles from Ramesses and cannot be reached in 3 days' time by Israel and her herds of cattle, sheep and goats. Not known by many, and not mentioned by Hoffmeier, is that the Hebrew word YAM can mean not only SEA but LAKE as well. For Example the Dead SEA is a LAKE, the SEA of Galilee is another LAKE. So Yam Suph could be a LAKE and not neccesarily a Sea. Suph in Hebrew can mean "reed," but it can also mean "terminate" or "end." God tells Moses he wants Israel brought out of Egypt to worship him at Mount Sinai. When Moses confronts Pharaoh he tells him of God's wish, and that he will need three days to get Israel into the wilderness to worship God. This implies Mt. Sinai is 3 days from Ramesses? Or that Moses wants a 3 day head start on an Egyptian army attempting to overtake him and bring him back to Egypt? From the Exodus itinerary it is clear that Mt. Sinai is further from Ramesses than a 3 day journey into the wilderness. In any event, it is IMPOSSIBLE that the Red Sea crossing is at Nuweibah Beach and the Gulf of Aqaba as it hundreds of miles from Ramesses and way beyond the three days Israel traveled with her herds.

[@pragmaticamente4734]

Yam Suph means "Sea of Reeds" and not "Red Sea".. js In Jewish sources, 1 Kings 9:26 yam suph is translated as "Sea of Reeds" ("near Eloth" "in the land of Edom").

[@WalterRMattfeld]

@@pragmaticamente4734 Agreed that Yam Suph can also be translated as Reed Sea or Reed Lake. Agreed that the gulf of Aqabah is called Yam Suph. However, the time and mileage constraints require there be THREE Yam Suphs. (1) Lake Menzallah or Ballah, east of San el Hagar (biblical Zoan), where God dumped the Egyptian locusts. (2) The Gulf of Suez is the second Yam Suph, after camping at Elim and its 12 springs and palm trees (today's Ayun Musa and its 12 artesian springs and palm trees), and the 3rd Yam Suph is the Gulf of Aqabah where is Edom and Ezion Geber (all three Yam Suphs being noted by Egyptologists Kenneth A. Kitchen and Eric K. Hoffmeier in their biblical research). For an east wind to blow away a yam suph (technically called "wind set-down"), the water must be shallow (Aqabah's Gulf is too deep, over 200-400 feet deep). This, however, works at lakes Menzalleh and Ballah as their water depth is usually only 4 feet, rising to 7 feet when the Nile is at Flood stage (Menzalleh and Ballah getting their water from the Nile on maps made before the Suez Canal was built (pre-1860 maps). In January of 1882 a powerful east wind arose near the entrance to the Suez Canal at Port Said. It blew all afternoon and all night, in the morning the shallow water of Lake Menzalleh (4 feet depth) had been blown away, as far as the eye could see, exposing the lake's bottom covered in reeds and marsh grasses. This event was noted by a British General, Sir Alexander Tulloch, who was inspecting the canal at that time. Pre-1860 Suez Canal maps reveal that Lake Ballah was filled with Nile water via a narrow inlet from Lake Menzalleh. This inlet also served as a ford for Egyptian chariots who crossed this shallow lake at time of low water (4 feet). At time of high water (7 feet) the ford could not be crossed by chariots. The Egyptians called this ford Ta Denit "The Dividing Water," perhaps an allusion to the Yam Suph's waters being divided by powerful east winds? This track, from Ramesses, Egypt to Gaza, in Canaan, was known to the Egyptians as the Way of Horus, the Bible called it the Way to the land of the Philistines. Today this crossing no longer exists, it has been filled in by the Suez Canal, it is in the area of el Qantara on modern maps of Egypt. That is to say, Israel probably crossed the Reed Sea/Lake, or Yam-Suph, at the Ballah-Menzalleh inlet/ford on her way out of Egypt.

[@pragmaticamente4734]

@@WalterRMattfeld Interesting. "The Dividing Waters" and the "The Way to the land of the Philistines" are a real clues. Thanks a lot.

[@user-jn9pp4ns3t]

I think Sea of reeds(plant) is the nile then crossing the sahara desert they went to Yeha in Tigray(zion. Same route people taking now. " The revisionist channel" is very interesting to watch. It shows the 3000 year Ethiopian myths

[@nateloper]

At minute 27 he starts talking about using maps from antiquity, and not modern examples. I totally agree. That makes sense. Then he completely botches it. He shows a map, the Saint-Sever Beatus Map, which I have spent multiple hours of research studying. He incorrectly states the map is from AD 775, which is incorrect. It's from about AD 1060. He then 100% conclusively and verifiably COMPLETELY misidentifies key places on the map. The yellow circle he identifies as the "Sinai Peninsula" is not the Sinai Peninsula at all, but the Arabian Peninsula. He wrongly assumes the red V shape is the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba, but its not. It's the modern Red Sea and the the Persian Gulf. The map he shows even labels them for us. The left one is labeled as the Arabian Sea (modern Red Sea), and the right one the Persian Sea (modern Persian Gulf). These are the names for them in antiquity, as verified by numerous old maps. Like many old maps, the Gulf of Suez and Aqaba are not even shown. The "Red Sea" at the bottom of the map is today's Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea. Get a hi-rez copy of the Saint-Sever Beatus map and take a look for yourself. The following are a few exhibits from the map: A. You can clearly see both the Tigris and Euphrates rivers on the map. They do NOT flow into the bottom of the Sinai Peninsula. They flow into the Persian Sea as the map shows, with Iran's Karun river just east. B. The Nabatean Kingdom was not centered against the east side of the Gulf of Suez, but rather the east side of Aqaba and further south as the map shows. C. The Philistines and Amalekites were not living directly above the Suez branch, but above the Aqaba branch mostly. D. Look at where lake Tana in the mountainous highlands and Ethiopia are on the map. You'll see, they are east of the "Arabian Sea" (today's Red Sea), as they are in reality. The map is zoomed out much further than just the Sinai Peninsula between the red fingers. It's not Sinai at all, it's the much larger Arabian Peninsula. In conclusion, not ONLY does Hoffmeier mislabel the map, this map actually places Mount Sinai in today's SAUDI ARABIA, east of any part or whole of today's Red Sea, and precisely in the North-South trending al-Lawz mountains. Correctly reading this map, and others like the Ebsdorf Map actually has Mount Sinai in today's Saudi Arabia. Not only is this a big mistake in mislabeling, but the evidence he provides is actually evidence against him.

[@decay-154]

these guys arent very good . David Rohls "Patterns of Evidence" is more recent and 10 times better

[@501Mobius]

You are correct on all points, though the Philistines are along the Med coast. I don't know what those pilusiu. are below the Amalakites.

[@501Mobius]

The problem with the travel time is assuming that after traveling one day they camp. According to Num 10:33 after they travel for 3 days they 'rest'. This resting is the camp. But, no one thinks they travel for 72 straight hours. So these daily stops can not be considered camps. The Israelites must just unpack enough to sleep and make meals. They would not set up their tabernacle. It does then complicates distance calculations because there isn't any standard for the number of days they travel between resting. That Kadesh-Barnea is 33 miles from Beer-Sheva. Moses says it took 11 days to travel from Horeb to Kadesh. But it took Elijah 40 days to travel from Beer-Sheva to Horeb. That is some difficult 33 miles that it takes 29 days to travel.

[@johnnyc2680]

Before the Q&A, there was mention of an interesting bit of evidence being developed that would be published around that time (2014). I couldn’t hear the professor’s exact name. Anyone know his name and the title of the book he wrote that possibly goes into what Hoffmeier and Moshier were discussing with mention of ancient inscriptions? This happens at the 1:04:55 mark to 1:05:25.

[@fleetwd1]

It sounds like professor von kroft but not getting anything when i google it

[@johnnyc2680]

fleetwd1 Thank you. I was hearing perhaps Cromocov or Cromelcopf. Hoffmeier at the 1:12:53-1:13:00 mark says the name too.

[@fleetwd1]

@@johnnyc2680 yes Hoffmeier's sounded like cromel kroft to me still no google help.

[@fleetwd1]

@@johnnyc2680 I asked Jim Hoffmeier if he might remember He replied: Charles Khramalkov who was working on a book in the Proto-Sinaitic inscriptions. He is not sure if the book has been published.

[@johnnyc2680]

fleetwd1 Thank you so much for getting in touch with Hoffmeier

[@blindambitions]

The first speaker condemns amateur archeologists for using modern day maps to find ancient locations where the second speaker uses modern day tables to dissuade belief of any crossing 3500 years ago. The lands and waters would have been different then based on the first speakers facts and understanding. I believe there was an exodus and everything that happened in the descriptions. U do not believe it is as important to prove it as it is to trust that it did. It is not a point of salvific importance.

[@fleetwd1]

Good observation but i think you are comparing apples and oranges if i understand your point. Many towns on modern maps are perhaps inaccurate because of many different reasons. Multiple towns had the same name so which one is the correct one, others towns may have moved from the original locations. and there are also places some argued wrongly the location based on archaeology but later it was discovered they were not accurate and modern maps may have those listed wrong. however the Exodus water locations really have not changed much. there are various understandings as far as which body of water was the one where they crossed over. I do not think any on the panel deny the exodus took place. However there are many who have good arguments for their theory. Correct it is not a salvation issue. take the arguments and examine them to see if any help your understanding.

[@blindambitions]

A little off topic but in a similar vein. Old maps show that there was a land bridge between South America and Antarctica and that the continent was a sub tropical location. There is no land bridge today and well, it's hardly sub tropical.

[@newsbalance6685]

Israel in Egypt: Evidence for the Authenticity of the

[@motherminerva]

So...? God's Glory is portable?

[@WalterRMattfeld]

Doctor James Hoffmeier (PhD) conludes, after a lengthly investigation, that Mt. Sinai is most probably not Gebel el Lawz in Midian (Saudi Arabia), but more likely somewhere in the Sinai. He also noted that no site proposed for Mt. Sinai has the archaeological evidence demanded by scholars for an Exodus circa 1445 BC (Early Exodus) or 1260 BC (Late Exodus), such as on-site ancient inscriptions stating that the location is called Mt. Sinai (see 7:16-7:30 of the video). Another acceptable form of archaeological evidence, not mentioned by Hoffmeier, would be of camp sites possessing shattered pottery of the period, either circa 1445 BC or 1260 BC. Surprising, for me, is that Hoffmeier is apparently UNAWARE that such a site in the southern Sinai does exist which has the pottery evidence for circa 1445 BC as well as circa 1260 BC, it is in the vicinity of Gebal Serabit el Khadim (which has been proposed as a Mt. Sinai site) and the Egyptian mining camps near the shrine dedicated to an Egyptian mining goddess called Hat-Hor "House of Hor," a sky-cow goddess. In Egyptian myth she gave birth to the sun as bull-calf (she was assimilated to another cow-goddess, Nut) at On (Greek: Heliopolis), Egypt. In tomb art this bull-calf appears between two sycamore trees at sun rise. Old Kingdom Pyramid texts have a deceased Pharaoh asking to be allowed on a small boat, with Hor the Hawk god, in the form of a golden bull-calf, to travel across the sky daily as the sun-orb. Tomb art shows a golden calf on the solar bark with a pole star hovering over its back and a seated man with the head of a hawk (Hor, Greek: Horus). Aaron declared that the golden calf lead Israel to Mt. Sinai (Exodus 32:5). Israel, heading for the southern Sinai from Egypt, to Mt. Sinai, would follow the sun as it rose in the east at daybreak, and follow it southeasterly to Gebal Serabit el Khadim and the shrine of Hat Hor. Hat Hor bore an Egyptian epiteth, NUBT, meaning: "the golden one" and in art she is sometimes portrayed as a cow goddess with a golden body. At dawn and at sunset the sky sometimes takes on a golden hue and as Hat-Hor the sky-cow is called the "golden," perhaps this is why? The golden calf at sunset has become a mature golden bull, who mounts his mother, impregnating her so as to be born the next morning as the Golden Calf sun-disc. Archaeologists have found the names of various Pharaohs who honored Hat-Hor in her Sinai shrine and some date from circa 1445 BC and 1260 BC, two dates proposed for the Exodus. Shattered pottery also exists of these two eras at the Hat-Hor shrine and vicinity. Moses descends Mt. Sinai and hears Israel at song and dance, honoring a golden calf. In anger he smashes the two stone tables of the 10 commandments, carved by God from Mt. Sinai. Hat-Hor and Pharaoh were honored with song and dance by her devotees, a prancing flower bedecked bull-calf leading the dancing of the revelers in tomb art. At the base of nearby mounts, in fallen rock scree, archaeologists found the remains of shattered tables of stone bearing protosinaitic inscriptions asking for the Canaanite god El (the Hebrew god is called El) to bless the Canaanite miners who worked the mines under Egyptian supervision. The Hebrew alphabetic script is a descendent of the protosinaitic script found on the shattered stone tables at the base of mounts in the area. The Canaanites worshiped Hat-Hor as Baalat, "the Lady," she was worshiped at Byblos under this Semitic title. I suspect Hat-Hor and the deceased pharaoh she suckled as a bull- calf in tomb art, is behind Exodus' story of the Golden Calf. Google "Mattfeld, Golden Calf" for more info or visit my website, www.bibleorigins.net or click on my name by my photo for my KZbin videos on archaeology and the Bible. I understand that the shattered protosinatic tables became Moses' shattered 10 Commandments, Google "Mattfeld Ten Commandments" for more info and pictures of these stone tablets.

[@lisabernier6327]

My people (‘am ‘any), your guides (‘ashar - those who lead the way and who pronounce blessings) lead you astray (ta’ah - cause you to wander away, misleading you into error by deceiving you, intoxicate you, causing you to stumble (hifil stem - the subject causes the object to participate and become similar to them)) and (wa) the courses (derek - ways, conduct, and journey [plural in 1QIsa while singular in the MT]) of your paths (‘orah ‘atah - broad thoroughfare, ways and manners, especially your destiny in life) they have thoroughly confused and hopelessly befuddled (bala’ - misleading you by confounding your understanding to the point you can no longer process information rationally, they have taken you down an improper path by way of their deceitful communications, feeding you that which is bewildering (piel perfect - the object is put into action by the subject for a limited time)).” (Yasha’yah / Salvation is from Yahowah / Isaiah 3:12)

[@lisabernier6327]

But no matter the intent of the feminine reference, the problem that Yahowah is addressing is humankind’s propensity to “exploit others by claiming authority to control them while imposing their will to oppress (nagas)” because it “is an evil and childish scheme, demonstrating one’s immaturity and capriciousness, causing untold abuse and suffering (‘alal).” Moreover, “our guides, including those who lead the way and who pronounce blessings (‘ashar) lead us astray, causing us to wander away in error, intoxicated and thus with impaired judgment (ta’ah).” Therefore “the course of our paths, our conduct, manners, and destiny in life (derek ‘orah ‘atah) has become thoroughly confused and hopelessly befuddled, confounding our understanding to the point that we can no longer process information rationally (bala’).” God cannot and will not overlook the consequence of the religious, especially those who have intermingled truth and lies to befuddle billions. And for those in academia, the media, or politics, be careful because nothing has been as effective at dumbing down an entire society to the point as few as one in a million retains the ability to exercise good judgment than Political Correctness - the ignorant and irrational moral code of Socialist Secular Humanism. Universities have become its grand cathedrals and professors are its high priests. Indoctrination has replaced education.

[@lisabernier6327]

For this reason, “Yahowah stands up (natsab - He has, is, and will take His stand, He is properly stationed, rigid, solid, and unwavering, He is prominently positioned, determined, and steadfast, upright, and firm to solidly establish the basis (nifal - God is carrying out and receiving the action of this verb)) to actually oppose and hostilely contend with them (la ryb - to dispute and quarrel with them, to file a complaint and bring legal charges against them, showing hostility towards them, to ridicule, taunt, mock, and insult them, to argue against and to dispute them in the controversy they have raised (qal imperfect infinitive construct - actually and literally intensifying the action of a verbal noun on an ongoing basis without respect to time)). And then (wa) He will judge (dyn - He will execute judgment and render an appropriate sentence, imposing a just punishment and condemnation based upon the opposing arguments of (qal infinitive construct)) people (‘am - related individuals).” (Yasha’yah / Salvation is from Yahowah / Isaiah 3:13)

[@lisabernier6327]

Yahowah is going to do what He asks of us…“Into (ba) the exercise of good judgment (mishpat - the means to resolve disputes and make justifiable decisions, the rendering of decisions which properly assess a person and situation) Yahowah () will commence (bow’ - come to pursue, participate and engage, entering (qal imperfect)) against (‘im - in association or conjunction with while simultaneously in opposition to) the religious and societal leaders (zaqen - the dignitaries, elders, and community leadership) of His family (‘am huw’ [His is from 1QIsa]) and (wa) the government officials (sar - high ranking military officers, royalty, commanders, princes, and political rulers) thereof (huw’). So (wa) you (‘atem) have senselessly removed (ba’ar - have foolishly replaced and then destroyed, taken away so that it no longer exists, and stupidly set ablaze, thereby devouring (piel perfect - the object suffers the effect for a prescribed period of time)) the vineyard (ha kerem - the cultivated land prepared for growing and harvesting grapes). The possessions stolen (gezelah - the looted plunder and stolen property) from the afflicted and oppressed (ha ‘any - the lowly who have suffered and been harassed and the poor who have been persecuted and impoverished) are in your homes and temples (ba beyth ‘atem - is in your households and dwelling places).” (Yasha’yah / Salvation is from Yahowah / Isaiah 3:14) Societies’ leaders, religious, governmental, and military, will be judged and held accountable by the same standard that has served to liberate Yahowah’s Covenant children: the mishpat. As is the case with most things Yah, the choices we make determine whether or not we are on the right or wrong side of this dividing line between saved and condemned. The mishpat represent “the means to exercise good judgment and to resolve disputes.” If we have done so and acted upon them then we are afforded acceptance into our Heavenly Father’s Covenant Family. But those who openly oppose one or the other aspects of mishpat and who impose their errant ways on others, will find their souls eternally incarcerated in She’owl.

[@hebrewgreek7420]

“My people” is עַמִּי ʿammi, not עַם אֲנִי* *ʿam ʾani (asterisks added to indicate an incorrect form). It is clear you don’t know Hebrew and aren’t even reading from the Hebrew text. A great way to learn Hebrew, if you are interested, is from the Biblical Language Center and also modern Hebrew language resources, since modern Hebrew has a great many similarities to biblical Hebrew; it is a great jumping-off point.

[@lisabernier6327]

The Song of the Sea--Shemowth 15:5 w' [the]ruwach [the wind and presence of Yahowah] aph [blew from his nostrils in anger] mayim [the waters] aram [to pile up like rubbble] Stem; Niphal, Mood; Perfect [**which means it literally happened] nazal [flood, flowed forth or down] Stem; Qal Mood Participle active [**that means Yah did it in the active form of the word] natsab [stood upright and firm in its place] Stem:Niphal, Mood Perfect kemow [as it were, like unto] nad [a heap, in the sense of piling up] tahowm [the depths of the abyss, waters also likened to Sheol] qapha [A primitive root; to shrink, that is, thicken (as unracked wine, curdled milk, clouded sky, *frozen water*):-congeal, curdle, dark`, settle.] I guess your ways are not his ways, your thoughts are not his and I would guess right, you love to be up front looking like you know something when you don't know shit. You hate the truth just as much as the fucking rest of the whores sitting in your Circe/Church/Circus filled to the brim with idols and whoredoms on satans sun-day sucking the member of homosexual Paulos, whom is a demon and admitted to such and uplifted a whore called Charis aka Faith, three Grecian goddess/whores, whilst reciting passages from the epic of Dionysis, "It's hard to kick against the goad" Shaul was the wolf warned about, how came out from us but was not of us, while suckling his lover Timothy; this can be corroborated in Towrah from Yahowah's own words that he [Ap]Paullos/Shaul/Shewol likes the genitalia of men. You people are daft as hell. Yahowah call Twistianity the Plague of Death and Shaul calls him a dead god, and breaks with the circumcision which is non-negotiable in Yahowah's torah and calls the Torah a taskmaster and that it made him evil, what a joke. I guess your shittym only works on the m.asses, anyone daft enough to listen to a shit stain who calls the elohym of Yisrael his nemesis name of Baál/LORD which is HaShatan's moniker whilst pretending to be smarter than others is a real douche bag. You dear sir are a top notch fucking douche, stop calling Yahowah by the adversary's name, fucko. Shemowth 15:3 Yahowah is a man of war, Yahowah is his name. Not Baál which means lord, shit stain. I'm sorry, make that Dr. Shit Stain PHD

[@syedali1000]

Not very scholarly. Continually pushing his books. In final question at end , What language did Moses speak? Mr Hoffmeier basically leaves it at Hebrew, when anyone with common sense would know that, Moses, being a Prince of Egypt, would have spoken Egyptian fluently (as well as Hebrew).

[@Bimfirestarter]

Yeah, no, Hebrew is the logical answer. The Question wasn't 'What language did Moses speak?' but rather 'What language did Moses use to speak with his people (the Israelites) and with God and what was the OG language of the Mosaic Law (given to the Hebrew-speaking Israelites)?' Logic tells us this wouldn't have been Egyptian.

[@kenkeil9067]

Hoffmeier just yaps about Mt. Sinai and Red Sea crossing.Why doesn’t he go to Mt Sinai in NW Saudi Arabia to see the real Mt Sinai .He can also go to Neweiba,get some underwater cameras to see the debri and chariot wheels and axles which are plainly visible on the Egyptian side as well as the Saudi side of theGulf of Aqaba.Dr. David Kim ,personal doctor for the Saudi royal family from 1987-2007 has person pictures of himself on top of the real Mt. Sinai . The rock pictographs show all the evidence showing there is no doubt that Jebal al Lawz is the location of Mt. Sinai.Coming in to Neweiba from the north ,there is now a paved road coming in from the west . The road is called Way Of Moses.! Saw it with my own eyes.Many scholars manipulate scenarios to fit their own view.

[@vgrof2315]

Your "God" could easily have provided the "GPS" (or equivalent) necessary to provide all of us, historians and all, with CERTAIN locations for biblical places. Why would that "God" have caused the need for centuries and centuries of digging and digging to prove what "He" wants us to know? How silly. Put a sock in it.

[@fleetwd1]

yes he could have. but the recipients at the time would not have known anything about GPS. God spoke to the ancients in terms they understood not in truths that would eventually be known. the first chapter of Genesis talks in terms of the cosmology the ancients understood not in absolute truth, as we have come to understand cosmology today. Understanding scripture requires study to know what was meant to the people being communicated with. John Walton has some great videos concerning this called Genesis through ancient eyes. God and the Bible do not set out to prove his existence. It is a given to the ancients. his many acts recorded are enough for those who have faith and for those who do not? it was not written for them.

[@mr.b7940]

bad

[@chriseinfeld8478]

Yeah, very bad comment from you. You can do better.

[@DylanFan51]

Stephen Moshier: So you think that God can't do whatever He wants. What you "think" does not matter one bit to him. All of your knowledge is but a speck to Him. You need to go work w/ Isreal Finklestein.