RELATIVE PRONOUNS | THAT, WHICH, WHO(M), WHOSE, WHERE, WHEN or nothing? | Explained with donuts

Do you get confused about when to use THAT or WHICH or no relative pronoun. What about WHO or WHOM. In which situations can we use WHOSE or WHERE or WHEN? What's the difference between a restrictive relative clause and a non-restrictive relative clause? What about pronunciation. Are they pronounced differently. Yes, indeed in this lesson you will learn all about relative clauses.
0:00 What you need to know
1:14 What are relative clauses?
3:13 Non-restrictive relative clauses
6:43 Restrictive relative clauses
7:47 Can you use WHICH in restrictive clauses?
10:36 More rules for choosing which relative pronoun
12:27 Pronunciation of relative clauses
13:38 Omitting the relative pronoun
The film clip is from The Sweet Smell of Success
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[@pradipiramdhan6293]

Gideon's way to deliver his English lesson is always superb

[@LetThemTalkTV]

Glad you think so

[@Tony32]

I'm blown away by your ability to make a complex subject easy. You are to English what Carl Sagan was to astronomy.

[@7k0_]

I was unwillingly forced and supressed to observe this moving format of an image during the time of my unwillingly forced education class. Very splendid video good work my lad!

[@pranavgiri11]

That tip "don't tell your girlfriend about other girlfriends"😂😂😂

[@sou.emanuelpaiva]

Gideon, you are the best teacher on the web. Congratulations 🎉

[@Daniula02]

The teacher from whom i'm learning so much is you my dear Gideon! I want to be like you

[@brentmacdonald5569]

I am in the Mid Atlantic region and trained in public education and finished university and graduate education.. “That “ almost always sounds better than “which” in restrictive clauses and I rarely us “which”. Found your KZbin website and you are amazing!

[@MrAlexsegal]

I think that sometimes “which” sounds better than “that” in restrictive clauses. Consider the following: “We have in fact two kinds of morality, side by side: one which we preach but do not practise, and another which we practise but seldom preach.” This sentence is quite intricate - so it makes sense to savour it and thus to say it slowly. As it takes more time and effort to say “which” than to say “that”, I think that Bertrand Russell made a good stylistic choice when he penned this sentence.

[@germanmorganti9686]

Excellent lesson, Gideon! You deserve a dozen doughnuts!! Thank you!

[@mariacebrecos303]

Rather a dozen matcha latte. For his sake. I like Gideon, I appreciate him.

[@LetThemTalkTV]

Doughnuts only on special occasions

[@emiliakoufou5920]

This channel , which I am subscribed to,is amazing! 🥯🥯😊

[@LetThemTalkTV]

Your comment, which I'm reading from my armchair, makes me happy.

[@bindu9185]

you're my hero! I was debating yesterday the mandatory use of that/which in relative clause with a student and I happen to agree with your perspective completely.

[@pussycatlover6522]

Another impeccable lesson from the grammarian, the man who knows his doughnuts ! Thanks again for the time and effort that you put in. We much obliged to you. it's been a long time since we last saw you. I believe Blighty has lifted lockdown restrictions, so why don't you go there for a bit of life normality, such as fish and chips or just a pint and a fight? 😉 Far gesund for now Gideon ! 👋 stay mellow !

[@LetThemTalkTV]

Glad you liked the lesson. I cannot visit blighty just yet. Maybe in the summer.

[@evelynakoublova5610]

Dear Gedeon, thank you so much. I have to watch it again. It was too complicated for me this time.

[@maya.7057]

Thank you very much! That's a tricky topic. You have made it clear!

[@lucafiorentini5292]

I used to call these two kinds of relative clauses "defining" and "non-defining"

[@CELINE0355]

I m grateful dear Gideon for your accurate explanation, you re unique 😍.. a fourth thing.. we should never miss Let'Them Talk videos to learn english and completely enjoy. Wishing you all the best👍💯❤️

[@LetThemTalkTV]

The 4th rule is the most important of all. Many thanks

[@Leonardo.Britto]

As a Portuguese language teacher, I noticed this subject easier and interesting, because its quite similar to the Portuguese language syntax.

[@Eduardo-zt6td]

Olá, professor Leonardo!

[@Eduardo-zt6td]

Do Brasil ou de Portugal?

[@tepan]

This apparent interchangeability of that and which kept bugging me for ages. Thanks for the explanation!

[@mariacebrecos303]

Another superb lesson on basic grammar that we all need so badly. Have a blast, stay safe and cheers, Gideon!

[@LetThemTalkTV]

I'm glad you liked it. Reading the comments is a blast. Best wishes.

[@luiscarlitosrecinos8598]

My respects to you very well explained and simple... The best video I have seen!!

[@ilamtung1977]

Hi, you are a great teacher; thanks so much

[@marcusalves3646]

Thank you very much for all these intelligent, funny and useful useful videos!

[@devika_25]

Can we appreciate that it is free !

[@monidefi2680]

You are such a great teacher. I've realised that I use all of these relative pronouns correctly, but I didn't know the rules.

[@aporsebestyen4509]

I will be dreaming with doughnuts for a while, but I don't mind. Thanks for the great lesson!

[@12701270able]

Yet another flawless video/lesson Short and sweet Thanks

[@LetThemTalkTV]

Thanks. It was rather long and sweet but glad you liked it.

[@kostakosta5352]

Hi. Many thanks! Yes, totally agree. Using “that” in restrictive relative clauses ( defining relatives clauses ) is much better.

[@alphacentauri2134]

The best, sir! Thank you.🥰

[@sylviazizzi8070]

I love your videos. WOW. You are an awesome English teacher.

[@paulfaulkner6299]

My own personal style is to always use _which_ in preference to _that_ if possible. I also tend to use _whom_ more than my pears on analysis too. Thank you for crystalising the topic for us.

[@mamymimma]

Grammar gets Gideon, who's a fantastic teacher, in a good mood - which is great

[@LetThemTalkTV]

Nice non-restrictive clause....

[@hekmatshah8209]

The lecture, which illustrates relative pronouns, was informative and easy.

[@linhadabeleza]

Very, very well explained! Brilliant!

[@LetThemTalkTV]

You are brillian

[@bakribrahem319]

Best teacher ever 👌

[@pascalmassie4706]

Thanks. This is very helpful! I have lived in an English speaking country for years and I am still making occasional mistakes on that vs. which.

[@tubeman1983]

Brilliantly explained! :)

[@LetThemTalkTV]

brilliant comment

[@kanav._]

Yesss!! I am here to learn with a doughnut. What more could I need in my life 🎉🎊😹

[@alicerossi_ap]

Yay! Another great grammar lesson, thank you very much 😃

[@LetThemTalkTV]

Great comment. Thanks

[@kikoissa]

It’s an excellent class!!! Thanks, boss.

[@LetThemTalkTV]

an excellent comment. Thanks

[@kikoissa]

@@LetThemTalkTV Do you call a video like this a “lesson” or a “class”?

[@mojif9995]

another lovely lesson thanks very much that would be great if you make a video about casual english and common one which naitive speakers use them in everyday conversation

[@LetThemTalkTV]

Good suggestion. I think I've made a few on that subject.

[@sou.emanuelpaiva]

This is the cat whose tale is short. That boy to whom you were talking is my brother.

[@carolclark5776]

Because of trauma, did not get this info in high school but I can get it now, thank you .

[@Pablogamalielm]

Very creative!!! Thank you

[@arwashatla1552]

Your explanation, Which was brilliant , made me understand relative clauses

[@uffa00001]

If memory serves, my reference grammar (Grasso - Bottalla, for Italian learners) says that "that" is imperative when the restriction is an actual restriction, i.e. when there is a collection of objects, or persons, and one must refer to only a part of them. If I say "the students that have bought a ticket will be able to get in the museum" I actually mean that maybe not all students will get in the museum, but only those that have bought the ticket. If I want to say that all students have tickets (I know, I bought it for them etc.) I will say "the students, who have the ticket, will be able to get into the museum" and that is because all of them have the ticket, so there is no "restriction". By the same token, if I have more than one sister, I will definitely say: "the sister that lives in London gets married tomorrow" and not "the sister who lives in London gets married tomorrow". If I say "who" in this case, the implication is that I only have one sister. That all in "theoretical grammar".

[@johnjustice8478]

I thought a "relative claus" was when you find out your uncle is being Santa Claus this year in the shopping centre.

[@jacekmickiewicz5868]

Thank you, Sir!

[@sivasenglishgrammar]

Sir,I watch your videos regularly.I have benefitted from your videos.Especially,relative pronouns.This is my request.Could you make a video on the all uses of "could".It has many uses, which we can not understand.Please.P Siva Rao,India.

[@monicas.9407]

to this end , the greatest asset of a school is the personality of the teacher .

[@internations6272]

Such a great teacher 😎

[@user-ys2ej9ru2s]

Gideon, please! Need your advice! Is this relative clause formed correctly: ...the device for which an operational system was developed. I thank you very much.

[@apmd5915]

This was very interesting indeed. But how about "THAT WHICH?" I would love to hear Gideon talk about the dreaded "THAT WHICH"!

[@lucianoazevedo4199]

Excellent.

[@jimsbooksreadingandstuff]

These are guidelines not rules, which is an important qualification, in this useful video.

[@federicodeangelis5026]

We might no be as brilliant as you imagine. Gre ‘meerien! :-)

[@gsjethidromasajesgo1834]

Love your videos so much! 💕

[@LetThemTalkTV]

Love your comments. thanks

[@iamcurios]

Mr/Ms AliceRossy has got detailed explanation to his/her question 'THAT' he/she had asked in Paris Lockdown day 2 video 👏, while I've been asking having vs have had difference earlier than him but didn't get answer!!

[@mariadengiz4410]

Thanks 🙏

[@everythingwithfeeling3305]

The awesome Teacher Back with The awesome Lecture.

[@LetThemTalkTV]

you are awesome yourself. Thanks

[@hakanerbil1505]

Thank you. I couldn't see any video link, where you pointed. 06:22

[@karinsvanback7497]

I agree, that sounds better! Thank you, I love your teaching. All the best!! PS: Doughnuts are not the healthiest thing you can it. I could even add that Dr. Eric Berg, the famous nutrionist on KZbin, consider them the worst thing you can eat (poor police officers all over the world). What is on the other hand the best thing you can eat? Algae? Nutritional yeast? Wholegrains? I do not know but I am on the search for it. I therefore do not wish you doughnuts but the healthiest food there is both spiritual and physical. G-d bless you!! Love Karin from Italy, Sweden. (Swedish woman living in Italy that is haha).

[@karinsvanback7497]

I forgot perilla oil! Sorry THAT I was off topic previously, but now I am on again.

[@karinsvanback7497]

It was meant to be hilarious the fact that I only commented on the donuts (watch the spelling) - and not even more serious things like promiscuity. This because I understand you are only kidding. Except about the importance of grammar, you did not joke about that, of course! - but I did not receive any comment so I had to comment on my own comment (haha).

[@karinsvanback7497]

Did I mention I am always in the search for that WHICH is excellent and perfect, WHICH by the way is the very reason I found your channel. Thank you G-d!!!

[@tubaizcier5021]

Thank you 🥰

[@pinellafranich6007]

A very ispiring video for teachers.

[@LetThemTalkTV]

Glad to hear you liked it.

[@isabelatence7035]

Today's explanation was worth a lot, super class, here we say "AULÃO", I was not aware of how to use" which" it was more complete with other pronouns, easy peasy with favorite candy, Gideon my green shirt arrived, delayed due to wrong postal code, i am loving my Grammarian shirt👕🤩🤩

[@LetThemTalkTV]

Glad you liked the lesson. I hope you're happy with the t-shirt. Do send me a picture of you wearing it. My email is easy enough to find.

[@isabelatence7035]

@@LetThemTalkTV Yes Gideon I am very happy with the t-shirt, very beautiful and creative. I see your email on the LetThemTalkTV website, it will be my pleasure to send. 🥰

[@Eduardo-zt6td]

Aulão? É do Brasil?

[@user-ws4py5np2f]

Thank you sir 😘☺️🙏🙏🙏💓

[@LetThemTalkTV]

Thank you

[@GoodNewsEveryone2999]

In American English grammar check software which is ALWAYS highlighted as incorrect and the suggestion is to switch it to that. I hate it. Sometimes, I have to set it to British English in order to get it to allow me to use which. I love which. The easiest trick I ever learned for whom is if you can replace the word with he or they you say who but if you could replace it with him or them you say whom.

[@antoniapoultsaki9256]

I love your work! You have a natural flair for this Gideon. Just a quick question. Why did you use "who" instead of "which" for the panda bear? Is it because in this example the cigar gives it a, let's say, human quality?

[@LetThemTalkTV]

You can use who/that for humans or (sometimes) animals not which

[@antoniapoultsaki9256]

Let me see if I got this right. Are you saying that the relative pronoun "which" should not be used for animals? This contradicts every EFL2 grammar book on the market. I'm more than curious to know if I've been teaching this the wrong way

[@ashleyng323]

@@antoniapoultsaki9256 I have the same view. I always use “which” for animals and things, and “who” for human beings.

[@vasylysapre8059]

​@@antoniapoultsaki9256 That's because their English grammar says that a panda is IT)) But I guess I may have my own opinion on that)) So I never call an animal "it". Consequently not "which", but "who". That's all the logic.

[@vasylysapre8059]

Besides, smoking a cigar automatically puts the panda in the category "who", not "it")

[@h.l.asolomonov7674]

The brain and doughnuts 🍩

[@LetThemTalkTV]

They are intertwined

[@shallum2977]

hahah Oh God I can spend hours watching your videos, you're so enjoyable

[@uffa00001]

"The girl from whom I got this doughnut" sounds very right to my non-native ear.

[@shyu8809]

Could you explain more about where? I heard a lot of times using ‘where’ with not places. Liks, ‘Have you ever had an instance where you just wanted to break them apart?’, ‘l know I have this weird thing where I want everything to be in the perfect place but’.

[@alkante2962]

In french it is simply called : La proposition subordonnée relative. There is also : La proposition subordonnée conjonctive ou subordonnée conjonctive.

[@miyaseaytacyilmaz]

Hiiiiii Gideon. I have missed that red wall and brown sofa. Of course lesson too. This is the super way that telling "which clause" by gesture. Mouth is between two hands like "which is between two commas". Never forget. Perfect. Let me know pleaese, is the first rule for women too? Don't telll your boy friend...Bye my genius teacher.

[@LetThemTalkTV]

Many thanks my genius student.

[@frizerbee]

Love that t- shirt

[@findeducationhub7957]

Love your t-shirt

[@sivabalankaniapan6275]

TQ SO MUCH

[@user-iw5ow5lf4s]

Tony Curtis would be honoured to be in this video.

[@ronenr1405]

Great

[@LetThemTalkTV]

Yes you are

[@sawmteafanai6505]

I bet this would be useful again.

[@LetThemTalkTV]

It will

[@brigittecialdini8921]

HEEEELP ! GIDEON ! I listened to your video several times but I cannot hear the second tip you give at the beginning. And even if it's a joke, I would like to understand . I send it to friends and none of them can hear so please could you send me the sentence of the second tip at the very beginning ....about the training or tradding( ? ) block ?? And what is it ???? Thank you very much for your brilliant lessons. I appreciate them a lot.

[@LetThemTalkTV]

It was just a joke (not very funny) about Brexit which is causing problems for British people in Europe

[@donjan8816]

He says: ... don't ask your people if they want to leave the biggest trading block in the world (the EU) ... The joke is probably more funny than the fact, though.

[@patriciahadley2374]

Just one little comment. I was taught that 'who' was only used with people, while for animals and things we used 'which'. Has something changed in the grammar world?

[@vitalis1691]

dear Gideon, as for THAT/WHICH - "Let's go to THAT café we met last week"?

[@LetThemTalkTV]

THAT as a determiner cannot be replaced by WHICH. 'Let't go to that café where we met last week.'

[@linhadabeleza]

Grammarian! I like your t-shirt? Where can I buy one? I want the same.

[@pussycatlover6522]

From the man himself ! Gideon sells them.

[@LetThemTalkTV]

Yes, indeed a link in the description.

[@stephanestephane4291]

hahaha that intro once again. 😂 😂 about the second point as a french man I usually like to tease the Brits about their quirks but I see that Gideon and I could agree on that particular point. I can't help thinking that the Brits keep being attracted by the US like a magnet hence the brexit....

[@LetThemTalkTV]

You're about the only person to get the second joke. Personally, I feel European and so do about 50% of British people. I can't speak for the others but I don't think they look to America but rather they'd say. "I'm British and nothing else."

[@leabreskovac8790]

Easy peasy relative pronouny!!

[@mehditila7424]

💙💙💙

[@ThePositiev3x]

This guy, who looks very similar to Julius Caesar, is a perfect English teacher.

[@pussycatlover6522]

16:20 you meant to say the chair not table 🤔 A slip of the tongue! 😉 Not to worry it happens! was absolutely a pleasure to have you here.

[@LetThemTalkTV]

You are right. I didn't notice it. That's what happens when you go off script.

[@th60of]

There's a guy works down the chip shop swears he's Elvis... ;-)

[@LetThemTalkTV]

He's a liar....

[@vasylysapre8059]

@@LetThemTalkTV Unless he's Elvis, of course

[@Ricardo-xg6gx]

Hi teacher, The video gift (that) you gave us was amazing. The experimented teacher, who is an English in France, showed us all his knowledge of English Grammar. Thanks and greetings.

[@LetThemTalkTV]

Glad you found it so useful. cheers

[@onceuponatime2010]

An insignificant question I reckon, but still since there's nothing insignificant in fact in Let Them Talk lessons I feel free to ask: right at the beginning, what is meant by the second thing I should keep away from doing?

[@LetThemTalkTV]

It was a joke about Brexit which is proving difficult for many British people abroad. Sorry if it was a bit obscure

[@donjan8816]

He says: ... don't ask your people if they want to leave the biggest trading block in the world (the EU) ... The joke is probably more funny than the fact, though.

[@asurapain6822]

I might have heard an R sound at the end of the word Saw, when you were reading the Panda-sentence, haven't?

[@elenasony]

Thank you for your effort. I am a beginner teacher of English. I wonder if such grammar focused classes really help the students in speaking. I feel like learning language in context is more efficient, since the brain will not invest the time in remembering and applying the grammar rules. We want the students to get to feel the language, which is obtained, my guess is, from repeated exposure to common language constructs. Explaining grammar has then merely the role to satisfy the curiosity or need of control of the student, but it doesn't really help him in acquiring fluency. Just my thought, I may be wrong.

[@lamoinette23]

The natural way to learn language is through exposure and without being taught grammar rules which come later. You don't have a conversation and stop in the middle.. wait.. what is the grammar rule for this? That isn't how native speakers learn. Some teachers are heavy on grammar though i personally feel it gets in the way of having a natural flow of speaking and learning. Grammar rules can help later to tidy up a student's speech and give explanations.

[@HaroudoXavier]

Great explanation, thank you!

[@lunavistapaola]

Donoughts next the cheese is a bit British too 👹😄🥰🥰

[@mulot5022]

Gideon one lady at once!

[@LetThemTalkTV]

of course

[@sebashtiannumberone5431]

Yeah, Gideon, it sounds better to use that and not which for restrictive relative clauses. Slightly more natural

[@LetThemTalkTV]

We agree.

[@sebashtiannumberone5431]

@@LetThemTalkTV do u know what 'grosso' mean? It's an Argentinian expression. Informal.

[@joseantoniodavila2752]

It sounds better and more natural for Spanish speakers too. At least for me. Sometimes I misused "which" just because it sounds "more English", and I was corrected quickly. Now I understand the reason.

[@LuisFernando-gj4md]

Your videos are amazing when it comes to teaching grammar. However, even though I like it when you tell us jokes, your humour still needs some work. Cheers.

[@sebashtiannumberone5431]

Gideon: Grosso!!!

[@sashoksashok8108]

Fabio?

[@sebashtiannumberone5431]

@@sashoksashok8108 Fabio?? What do you mean? I'm not Fabio

[@FH-zo6tq]

Thank you for that great explanation! I have a question regarding the examples: Can the sentence „I met a girl who speaks 12 languages“ be changed to „I met a girl speaking 12 languages“? Is the latter sentence gramatically correct? And if it is, is the meaning the same? Or equally „This was the evidence convicting the criminal.“