Making skatole - The essence of poop

[@stonent]

Thank you for only synthesizing it and not extracting it.

[@NileRed]

+stonent hey, dont give me ideas.

[@YaBoyJedi]

NileRed you are literally my favorite chemist. In the good way. Not like Walter White.

[@Sparkette]

How come? You wouldn't have to smell it, or even watch the video.

[@alisdairherd9501]

"light piano music starts playing" You would have to watch it though.

[@morrisnyang]

@@NileRed I am sure that will be an idea with VERY STRONG aroma

[@officialninjachannel]

The newest fragrance: "Essence Of Intestines" by Nile Red

[@nicknorthcutt7680]

lmao

[@asdrubalvect6328]

Eu De Merde?

[@deoxyplasmic]

Takes a lot of guts to do that.

[@zerotwo8251]

@TMoD7007 haha nice

[@saas9997]

Skatolé*

[@ConnorNolanTech]

"I'm sorry I just compared feces to oranges." I think you mean you were comparing crapples and oranges.

[@ethangoldsmith9332]

Two chuckles, that's it

[@svby]

Why do I feel the urge to punch you 😂

[@yukonjimmy]

Or road apples to oranges

[@danielshae3300]

i hate you

[@arnaudmenard5114]

“Road apples” is an old euphemism for horse dung from the street.

[@ItsDomke]

Is this what women mean when they tweet about being able to "smell his colon?"

[@jmbkpo]

@noxxi knox old meme

[@ZA-mb5di]

@@jmbkpo can you explain to me

[@vicxar1763]

@@ZA-mb5di misspelling of cologne

[@zoesdada8923]

What? What kind of women are you hanging around?

[@jmbkpo]

@@ZA-mb5di ok bro

[@TheFishCostume]

This pancake recipe tastes bad.

[@HentaiNat]

ikr? disliked the video for the awful taste.

[@lazysloth4256]

+hentai nat don't tell nobody to dislike his video if you don't like then don't watch it

[@TheFishCostume]

Naoto Shirogame You need to work on reading comprehension.

[@HentaiNat]

TheFishCostume not to mention joke compression.

[@ZA-mb5di]

It's meth

[@melody3741]

when, the, moon hits your eye like a big pizza pie, thats skatolé

[@TracksWithDax]

dean fartin

[@ThePhantomSafetyPin]

When the shit hits the fan and sprays on your new pans, that's skatole.

[@mistyaqua]

This made my day.

[@chowderslut2205]

@Sean Wilkinson when the o'le makes you pray to a buffet in your drain that's skatole

[@rattlesnakz9716]

When the toilets too far .. but your still at the bar .. that's skatolé When the nuts are real nice, so you enjoy them twice, that's skatolé When the big rumble comes and you know .. it's the runs, that's skatolé When your holding it in, and you think you can win that's skatolé Is it air is it shit oh fuck it I quit ITS ....SKATOLÉ ! (i enjoyed doing that) haha 🙂

[@rob45311]

These videos give me a good excuse to procrastinate studying for my chemistry final

[@NileRed]

+Robert Sheppard oh no!

[@revimfadli4666]

Plot twist: by watching it you turn out to study for them anyway... Or a future one.

[@lucienreyes9]

I know I'm commenting 3 years after yours, but me too!!!

[@AndrewKunik]

@@lucienreyes9 haha me too!

[@thechosenone8808]

@@lucienreyes9 me rn

[@holdinmcgroin8639]

RAVIOLI RAVIOLI GIVE ME THE SKATOLE

[@bengarab5190]

HA! HAHA! this needs more upvotes!

[@representelanation4463]

Ben Garab upvotes? 9gag much?

[@LieseFury]

4u

[@TorqueSlayer]

@@representelanation4463 or Reddit, 4chan, many forum boards use the term upvote.

[@modestus2826]

raviole...

[@rogerdotlee]

This strikes me as one of those reactions that one does simply so one doesn't have to do it again.

[@NileRed]

+rogerdotlee That's exactly it. It is one of those ones that are just annoying because of the stink. Not particular difficult or dangerous.

[@rogerdotlee]

+Nile Red Makes sense, though it seemed like there were a LOT of individual steps. Personally, I can't wait until you release the Potassium metal one (and if you can show or point me to the synthesis, I'd appreciate it) and perhaps some Manganese redox reactions (I don't know why for sure, but I seem to have taken a liking to transition metals and their redox reactions).

[@NileRed]

rogerdotlee Transition metals are definitely cool (because of the colors :p). Making potassium metal is still hard because the catalytic version that has been going around doesn't seem to work all the time and yields are super variable. The most straightforward way is electrolysis of molten salt. The only danger is that potassium is much more reactive than sodium and i am not sure i recommend trying this method. Do you have any manganese reactions in general? The only one ive really done is the oxidation of an alcohol using KMnO4, but more would be cool.

[@rogerdotlee]

Well, you could show the different oxidation states and the colors that the same compound group (ie KMnO4, K2MnO4, etc) display. You could also do the Mn2O7 redox of just about everything organic, even though a lot of others have already done it. I wouldn't mind seeing the reactions of KMnO4 with an alcohol as well if you haven't already done it. A general look at the compounds that Mn makes up would also work for me. Thanks a LOT! Roger

[@Austingame]

+Nile Red I wanna see either the mercury or potassium ones. I need to know how to clean my mercury and i want to know how to clean my potassium, too.

[@Lucavex]

Instructions unlear. My chili tastes awful now.

[@gonzo4007]

When I saw the title I thought NileRed was going to start with actual poop and extract skatole from it. I laughed hard when I realized he was going to synthesize it instead. :D

[@jawwad4020]

Gonzo Diablo But he did extract urea from urine!

[@bonbonpony]

It would be even funnier if he synthesized the entire poop.

[@Thefenestrador]

I've been just studying heterocyclic compounds synthesis this whole semester and then this appears! Thanks bud, it's really cool to see everything I study in theory being applied

[@NileRed]

+Renan Vinícius de Araújo I am glad you enjoyed!

[@Thefenestrador]

+Nile Red I would really enjoy some unusual heterocyclic compounds as oxazoles, thiazoles, isoxazoles and so on. There is so few material about it!

[@NileRed]

Renan Vinícius de Araújo do you have any derivatives of those in particular that you would like to be made? If there is an interesting/useful product, ill look into making it.

[@marcingoawski9305]

+Nile Red Just make THF and pyridine. Everyone will be grateful. Pyrrole may be interesting. Also some interesting conductive polymers like polyaniline or polypyrrole may be interresting.

[@NileRed]

Marcin Goławski I will be making pyridine at some point from niacin.

[@willcifur]

Your channel has single handedly brought the love of Chemistry to my life !! I was robbed of this by uninspired teachers who lack the joy you seem to have in these videos. Stay inspired man!!

[@sbalogh53]

I found an easier way to make it.... just saying. ;)

[@NileRed]

+Dexxter There is an easier way, if you can get the starting materials to do it

[@frtard]

+Nile Red Chipotle?

[@oldcowbb]

the separation will be painful

[@misterhat5823]

We're on a budget here. Taco Bell.

[@Terrus_38]

Some beans and dried plums

[@andrewwilson57]

For the longest time i always thought that these videos were very functional chemistry videos making useful compounds. I never stopped to think that maybe NileRed is just carrying out his childhood fantasies of making poopy stink bombs and other explosives. Chemistry is wonderful

[@BonesyTheBoneLady]

Funny thing is...those weren't childhood fantasies on a podcast he was on he told stories of blowing stuff up and causing havoc as a child

[@BarelySentientBraincell]

Instructions unclear, accidentally made DMT.

[@Chironex_Fleckeri]

*Joe Rogan would like to know your location.*

[@anantsingh75]

Tnt right

[@kypdo1713]

@@anantsingh75 DMT is a huge lot better

[@madscientistshusta]

He did have 1-propanol as a byproduct you can make some fun stuff with that

[@erinmayo5170]

@@madscientistshusta I would rather have phenyl-2-propanone

[@RosGamesBG]

"Essence of poop" sounds like some really important thing you need to upgrade your weapon with in an MMO game.

[@deckerd6832]

"I was kind of sick and tired of working with the smell" LOL

[@BruceEverett]

Artists often struggle entire careers attempting to distill the essential reality they're trying to express. I congratulate you on achieving the ultimate in dubstep, and in so little time!

[@baronrogers806]

Excellent comment

[@altersami9660]

@@baronrogers806 What's the joke?

[@Quario]

I can't belive you made an item in The Binding of Isaac into a real thing

[@meghanohalloran729]

Fly love!

[@ViyoAlt]

Blue baby's gonna be so proud

[@biomechanoid]

actually i think i know easier way to make poop smell, and this way also produces more authentic sound

[@andygozzo72]

me too 😜😈 **prrrrt**

[@mh6276]

Farts smell different that poop in my experience.

[@violetschamel3918]

I guess the final product is... a vile vial

[@MalcolmCooks]

A Series of Unfortunate Events, Book the 14th: The Vile Vial

[@sansthepungeonmaster5864]

sounds kinda shitty...

[@ming7831]

PfTT

[@bruhmoment1835]

Ba dum tiss

[@AximVidya]

get out

[@PrimalNaCl]

Is this the active ingredient in that 'Liquid Ass' stuff? I've not experienced either and not in a hurry to do so; just curious.

[@evmanbutts]

I'd assume that it is. Some kid sprayed it in my highschool cafeteria and I swear everybody left the entire floor of the cafeteria because it smelled like a septic overflow

[@madscientistshusta]

@@evmanbutts I believe that is just a sulfer molecule

[@clearskies7401]

No

[@enricohocho]

have u experienced liquid ass already?

[@avlsage]

Naaaa that's hydrogen sulfide lmao methyl/ethyl mercaptan are bad too...

[@raiden9x56]

why dookie essence manufacturing is in my recommended and why im watching it is beyond me.

[@DustyEggSauce]

*D o O k I e E s S e N c E*

[@staalman1226]

That's simple. It's in your recommended because you're watching it.

[@spwicks1980]

Interesting. I always wondered why i got indoles and indenes in my GC-MS traces when testing soils contaminated with coal tar. Particulary bad contamination always gave methyl indoles, which was likely skatole. Nice to know what it is and where it comes from.

[@dc2008242]

the pleasant flowery smell of poop

[@elephystry]

It really is in low concentrations actually. Might be related to the adage, “my farts smell like roses”

[@bazwright1962]

My shit smells like roses!

[@sjcflawless]

@@elephystrycorrect! So I wonder how much of it is present with flaunt.

[@gabriels.5556]

Me at the start of the video: "Ew" Me after watching the video: "Ew"

[@apothecurio]

I’d love to see you do an April fools prank where you bake bread but use as many scientific words as you possibly can. Or do an experiment that should be done with high care and use very casual words for every single thing you talk about.

[@JeffandJake]

"The essence of Poop" sounds like a great angsty teenager band name. Might have to steal that one... Awesome video as always, I was wondering what use you'd have for skatole when you mentioned it last time. Perhaps a stink bomb prank? Your channel is going places, and fast--the professionalism and attention to detail definitely make you stand out. You mentioned your garage being stunk up after the recrystallization, is that where you film your videos? I was under the impression you were filming in a lab setting for the most part. Cheers!

[@davidzed3274]

+Jake Bender Yeah, that is where he filmed most if not all of this video.

[@RavemastaJ]

+Jake Bender Just name the band 'Skatol.' It's got those hard consonants that kids crave!

[@twowheelsclubseals]

+Jake Bender essence of shit has a better ring to it

[@misterhat5823]

The Essence of Poop could just spray a dilute mixture of skatole and ethanol into the crowd during the finale. Stupid angsty teens would go for that. "Yeah man. They sprayed everyone with poop smell at the end. It was awesome!"

[@marcellinus3981]

Skatol: The Essence of Shit

[@rickb1973]

Let's take a moment to think of Fischer....who's contribution to the body of Science...who's historic namesake...is the synthesis of a major part of the smell of poop. The man worked his whole life and this is his legacy. I salute the courage of all pioneers.....you never know where you'll end up.

[@aaronjackson1875]

Me having a nice day KZbin recommendations: how to make the essence of poop. Okay that’s enough Internet for today.

[@Mehrunes86]

Have you ever watched 2 Girls 1 Cup, this is nothing😁

[@Med-B]

actually no this is interesting

[@FilbieTron]

It’s amazing how biological processes have streamlined the development of these very complex compounds that take so much effort in the lab!

[@camipeterson6683]

Wow, I have some indole among my perfume chemicals, it's so interesting to see stuff like this! I would love it if you did more aroma chemicals ♥️

[@RussellTeapot]

I hope the indole you have is not the skatole variant

[@camipeterson6683]

@@RussellTeapot Actually, civet, castoreum, and ambergris...I have synthetic versions of those. But yeah, it's essentially poop or vomit lol. It's insane what's used in perfumery! However I will say ambergris smells divine on it's own. Not animalic at all

[@RussellTeapot]

@@camipeterson6683 Aahahahah so you are telling me that the base for perfumes are stinky odours? I had no idea. Well, I had "some" idea, but never fully realized it. In fact, NileRed in the video mentions that "..scatole, in small concentration, smells flowery"

[@camipeterson6683]

@@RussellTeapot It gets surprisingly complex. I would say civet / castoreum in ANY amount is stinky (I haven't smelled skatole), but if used correctly, citruses and certain florals get a heck of a boost from it. But we're talking in tiny, tiny amounts. That goes with musks, which is available in many different synthetic varieties - but even that started with actual animal musk. It's the pheromones I believe. Chanel No 5 is famous for having a good dose of civet, but it's too well blended to tell. As for ambergris, which is essentially sperm whale vomit, you'd be surprised how pleasant it is...next time you're at the mall, search the cologne counters for Prada Black. Yummmm

[@RussellTeapot]

@@camipeterson6683 "..ambergris, which is essentially sperm whale vomit" ahahahahah *mom!! I'm scared!!* Jokes aside, it's fascinating and to some extent even poethic. It reminds me of an old adage related to drugs: "sola dosis facit venum", which roughly means something like "the difference between a medicine and a poison is the dose". So I guess the same can be stated for perfumes: only the dose makes the stink :D

[@GnosticInformant]

This guy can probably make the best DMT ever known

[@sjcflawless]

Meth too obviously! Makes Walter look like a child 😂

[@Uwek212]

you could have extracted skatole from poop itself.

[@anotherdayisforever]

Im glad you went the extra mile and attempted to purify. I think it would have been cool to have the crystal but just seeing that dark syrup and knowing what it is sent the indole crap smell right through my computer into my living room. After extensive analysis I find this channel the most creative and entertaining on youtube. I was inspired to throw down on your patreon keep up the good work.

[@NileRed]

+Cole Knapek thank you very much, I really appreciate it! I really wish i had a centrifuge, i think that would have made the purification much more possible.

[@thesupersmashedbros2607]

I love your Channel Nile Red! I am utterly shocked by your passion in chemistry. Keep up the amazing job of sharing the "word" of organic synthesis. Cant wait to see where your scientific career goes. You know many scientists begin their careers at home..

[@NileRed]

+The Super Smashed Bros Thanks :)

[@judges69]

You are doing amazing chemistry as always, Thank you Nile Red.

[@firearmsstudent]

You should make Skatole-infused flowers. (They would be a great prank!)

[@isaacelliott5511]

Stimpy&Ren That’s disgusting

A lot of flowers actually have skatole as a scent component and it actually makes their smells... better? in very small amounts. e.g. jasmine

[@autopsyjuice6648]

I love watching these. So interesting! Even tho I have no idea what any of it means and such. Don’t drop out of school kids!

[@nawazfahad1798]

Much easier way: dissolve poop in water. Bang! Done!

[@mumiemonstret]

I'm still waiting for two follow-up videos: 1. Turning the skatole into a food additive, and tasting it 2. Repeat the process with skatole from a natural source

[@jan-christianerichsen7504]

I wonder what smell triggered your need to make a video on the smell of poop... Just kidding. Very interesting video as always. The quality is top-notch too. For short: One of the best chemistry channel on KZbin! Keep up the awesome work!

[@misterhat5823]

Views. Brutha. Views.

[@psychsoma]

.... I didn't know exactly what the numbers in long molecule names meant but now I have kind of an idea. That's cool. Thank you!

[@jacobc874]

Wyd today bro? Oh not much, just makin some shit crystals

[@goodoc8248]

imagine eating and looking for a video to watch and then you just see this beauty right here

[@priitmolder6475]

at the store: "So what ya gonna do with the p-TSA?" "Skatole" "Shieeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeet"

[@darthmoomoo]

Clay Davis approves this message.

[@bj.bruner]

How to make skatole: 1. Eat a Clif bar 2. Wait an hour

[@robertlee4775]

tutorial on how to make jenkem

[@cubedable]

concentrated jenkem

[@cancel1913]

"... and in the end I was sick and tired of working with the smell." LOL Priceless! You are awesome and keep up the good work.

[@stinkyfungus]

out of curiosity, what legitimate use does this chemical serve? I mean... why make it? other than the academic exercise of course.

[@NileRed]

I'm sure it does have use as a chemical precursor of some sort. I just made it for fun though

[@stinkyfungus]

+Nile Red yeah, like a noob, I commented before the end of the video, where you said its only use is to be stinky... lol... I suppose you could do some pretty evil pranks with the stuff but that's about it. just found your channel... diggin it.

[@NileRed]

Yeah you can be pretty mean with it. Other than that, you can make some bigger molecules with it, but I don't have any in mind.

[@foelstudios]

+stinkyfungus Isn't it used for fragrant products (no joke)?

[@MrBrainbooger]

caps lock broken?

[@kieranwalsh2058]

What a wonderful video to watch with my morning coffee

[@sleepycowboy18]

Watching while taking a dump for maximum effects

[@sjcflawless]

😂😂😂

[@jimsvideos7201]

Essence of poop is an excellent way to describe a particularly unfortunate situation.

[@TheChemistryShack]

Welp you ruined oranges for me :P

[@Agorija]

"In small amounts it can have a pleasant flowery smell" so I can officially say my shit smells like roses.

[@Lady8D]

WOW, I really just voluntarily clicked that link...

[@clarsach29]

i was surprised to discover recently that minute amounts of skatole are often added to foodstuffs, particularly things flavoured with vanilla such as ice cream....apparently this is because of skatole's naturally pleasant floral aroma in very low concentrations but also because humans lack the ability to detect the smell of vanilla well when it's used alone in pure form and we can smell and taste it much better when minute amounts of animalic compounds like skatole are present alongside it.

[@DaveWhoa]

does it taste the same or as good or worse than real poo

[@rawhamburgerjoe]

asking for a friend?

[@ChrislyCast]

Nice video! Guess I know should start working on my chemistry essay. Would love to see vanillin and vanillylamine next.

[@jakekimds]

Could you do an extraction? ;)

[@bobtheflyingdonkey]

Jake Kim hehehhehe

[@brandonb9452]

J K you want him to take an extraction from his extrusion?

[@cadetcarrot8914]

Name one other big KZbinr who teaches their viewers how to make doo doo juice. I’ll wait. Lol this is why I’ll never get bored of Nile ❤️

[@guy4822]

9:55 so that's poop syrup 😂😂

[@katykennedy4893]

Why am I watching this and thoroughly enjoying it

[@drevil9554]

I’m a Skat man

[@momo_u]

This channel consistently has the best comment section

[@blackcat14077]

*UH OH STINKY*

[@transistortester]

Very interesting and informative as always. Although I would normally say the opposite, I'm pretty happy that smellovision doesn't exist. My votes for future videos are vanillin oxime and nitrous oxide.

[@rainbow_vader]

Nobody: 12 year olds: haha he said the poop word

[@lozoft9]

Thank you for going through the hell of smelling that stuff for science.

[@SoulDelSol]

is that why poop is called skat

[@MD-pg1fh]

Other way around, I think.

[@SoulDelSol]

You mean, that's why skat is called poop?

[@romajimamulo]

Dan S. No, this is called "skatol" because it comes from poop

[@thomascooney4078]

Watching this on the toilet creates a different experience

[@asdf7108]

i dont want to make this..

[@FictualKyle]

asdf do it

[@asdf7108]

Artemis Ares you cant make me!

[@FictualKyle]

asdf asdf, do... it!

[@asdf7108]

Artemis Ares NO!

[@Kabodanki]

do a flip while doing it

[@cool_chemist7644]

I know this is an old video but I'll ask you anyhow: have you ever done or considered doing a basic flash column chromatography on the crude indole? I'm quite positive that would clean it up and give you a nice, pure crystalline solid. I've made my fair share of indoles back in the day via the Fischer-Indole rxn.

[@sand1573]

face reveal at 30k?

[@NileRed]

+MrJovi287 I might reveal soon. Still deciding. It's mostly because I am too lazy to change things up.

[@sand1573]

Nile Red You could also make it a Patreon goal if you really wanted to

[@NileRed]

MrJovi287 that is true, but i have no idea what my goal is to be honest, ha.

[@brandonb9452]

NileRed glad we get to see your beautiful face now😜

[@bisbeejim]

So that's the secret ingredient in genuine sauerkraut.

[@uncle_thulhu]

I know many things taste approximately how they smell, but how come skatole LOOKS how it smells?

[@firearmsstudent]

I commend you Sir on your determination to make the essence of poop.

[@ddawg7567]

Could you ake a list of all the things needed (beakers and pippettes etc.)?

[@NileRed]

+Dillan Campbell (Ddawg747) For this experiment or in general? I think it is more effective if i make a video on general lab requirements. It is really hard to predict exactly which pieces of glassware will be needed.

[@youtubecomenter3655]

I would love to see a birch reduction! Your channel is amazing! keep up the good work!

[@tobyhoch7014]

Santroch & Jirkovsky had used skatole & gbl to manufacture Atiprosin, respectively.

[@midship_nc]

the orange comparison was spot on, and very funny hahaha

[@freezedream]

Never worked with indoles, but you could try a slow recrystallization with something similar to heptane with a little DCM. Warm it to just dissolve your crude product then cover with foil and let it sit and evaporate for a few days.

[@kevinbyrne4538]

HURRAH !! The great crusade has come to a triumphant conclusion. You have achieved immortality. I suspect that this video will receive a LOT of views once word spreads. (By the way, I notice that when you're purifying a product, you don't use activated charcoal or column chromatography.) Keep up the good work !

[@awesome5678910]

I vote for Benzocaine Revisit and Vanillylamide/Nonivamide synthesis! Also it says in videos being edited Phenylhydrazine Freebasing, didn't you just do that?

[@turgidbanana]

It would be cool to see you extracting it.

[@xeveniahdarkwind178]

Skatole is used in vanilla ice cream in scant amounts to give the vanilla a floral scent...

[@zack_120]

Soo cool watching the actual experiments. Hope one day you may set up some analytical instruments like GC or MS, if you haven't, for compound identification and quantification.

[@stephenjacks8196]

Skatole, at dilution of 1:300000 is the smell of Orange blossoms. (Ambergris, whale vomit, is extremely smelly and used in tiny quatities to make perfume better.)

[@allankhoa4327]

That one reaction create both Skatole and Ammonia 😬

[@thexbigxgreen]

"Repeat washings with small amounts of anhydrous ethanol is important to ensure an adequate yield of the poopstank."

[@jvanvynck]

I'm in organic II right now, and watching your videos is helping me grasp some of the concepts we're learning about. However, I find it really difficult to keep track of all the different reagents used in organic reactions. Do you know of any tips or websites that help you study all the different reagents?

[@NileRed]

+John Van Vynck hmmm, i am not really sure of any good resources. I think the best thing to do is to apply it practically. You are doing a lot of reductions and oxidations, right?

[@BenFoilHat]

Weird flex but I like it. Nilered, you should make puzzles of the molecular structures of everything you make.

[@vonBelfry]

Wow, how far do I have to dig to find the "NILERED SAID HE TASTED POOP" comments?

[@toxiclunch]

I'm curious about the results in mixing this solution with cadaverine & putrecine. The resulting stench liquid could be used as a benchmark for reverse-engineering the "Liquid Ass" Stench Spray.

[@rylanhix5371]

Can you make a video on cleaning old potassium please

[@baileymcclain1094]

You've just validated everyone who scratches their butt and then smells their hand

[@YuPuWang]

+Nile Red so now that you've synthesized some of the worst-smelling compounds already - butyric acid, cadaverine, putrescine, and skatole - have you thought about making thiols (mercaptans)? You built a H2S generator so you can use it to make thiourea. And you also made 1-bromopropane. If you combine the two and hydrolyze the resulting mixture with aqueous base, you will get propanethiol (propyl mercaptan)!

[@NileRed]

+Yu-Pu Wang I actually just have thiourea sitting in my cabinet....that is actually a pretty good idea.

[@poison_corpse3140]

I would love, at the end of your series of "smelly videos" to have a reaction video of people smelling the experiment. 😁😁😁😁

[@STROONZONY]

aside from the smell, Skatole is a Very interesting molecule.