PassiveTransport

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SCIENCE ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: In this video, we will be discussing passive transport. Passive transport is when particles move through the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration without the use of energy, also described as movement along the concentration gradient. What are the types of passive transport? They are diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. We'll describe diffusion first using the solution in this container. A solution is a liquid with something dissolved in it. The aqua color represents the solvent, meaning the liquid part of the solution. The yellow particles represent the dissolved substance called the solute. The structure in the middle of the container represents a semi-permeable cell membrane, a barrier through which only certain sized particles can pass freely. It's important to note that although diffusion often occurs across the cell membrane, diffusion can happen with or without a semi-permeable membrane. Right now, there is more solute on the left than there is on the right. Because solute particles are able to pass through the semi-permeable membrane, they are going to naturally move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. They will continue to do this until both sides of the container have about equal numbers of solute particles. This is called achieving a state of equilibrium. Let's review what we've covered so far. Diffusion is when particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration. This just happens. It's a natural process that doesn't use any energy. Here's an example of diffusion happening without a semi-permeable membrane. If you spray air freshener in a room, people near you smell it right away. But after a short time, depending on the size of the room, people farther away will also begin to smell it. This is because the little scented molecules are trying to achieve equilibrium by spreading evenly throughout the room. Remember, diffusion is a natural process, like a ball rolling down a hill. The ball's movement is automatic and doesn't require any energy. Osmosis is diffusion that happens with water molecules. Let's look at another container in which the solvent is water but the solute particles are larger. The membrane in this container has openings that are too small for the solute to move through, but water can pass through the membrane freely. This time, we'll focus on the concentration gradient of the water rather than the solute particles. Although the large solute particles can't pass through the membrane, the water molecules are small enough to pass through. The water moves freely from its area of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached. Equilibrium means that the proportion of water to solute particles is about the same on both sides of the membrane. In the cell, osmosis means diffusion of water through the cell membrane. Water can enter or leave the cell through the membrane until the cell achieves a state of equilibrium with its surroundings. So like diffusion, osmosis is passive. No energy is required. It just happens automatically. Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport in which molecules diffuse through specialized protein channels in the cell membrane. The protein channels work like special ports or tunnels that allow these substances in or out of the cell. Facilitated diffusion is also when particles move from high concentration to low concentration. How do you know that? From the word "diffusion." Facilitated diffusion works naturally without added energy, just like the diffusion example we discussed earlier. But facilitated diffusion generally happens with particles a bit larger than those that can seep through the cell membrane's phospholipid layers. So they move in or out of the cell along the concentration gradient in a specialized way through protein channels. In summary, passive transport is a natural process that doesn't require the cell to expend any energy. The types of passive transport are diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. [music]
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I read four big-chapters from a book about this like six hours until understand and you teach this in five minutes. It's explained better showing in video than with words and paints, I guess.

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[@nerd3390]

The voltage-gated potassium channels associated with an action potential provide an example of Facilitated diffusion.

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[@anajuliaazevedo2896]

Na apostila de farmacologia que minha professora disponibilizou está dizendo que quando a molécula precisa de uma proteína para passar a célula é transporte ativo...

[@michaelfravn7907]

Water cannot diffuse freely through the cell membrane because of the fatty acids in the center. It needs aquaporins. It is still osmosis and passive transport though...

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[@nerd3390]

Na, k, Ca and Cl− permeation through their respective ion channels represents an example of Passive transport

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5:11 The content of the video continues, but there will be link images to other videos to prevent viewing. You might say that there is nothing you can do about it. But the truth is that you have at least two options: - add enough seconds of "blank" to the end of the video content, so that the image links fall there in the timeline. - you can prevent them from coming - even after publication in the settings.

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one spectacular thing to observe is that the bilayer of lipid is having a rotational movement due to its quasi fluid nature

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[@userone-lh3is]

If osmosis is passive transport, then can it occur in dead cell too ?? Some textbooks say it can occur in dead cells, some say it does not...........

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ooo maybe some Info on ATP and facilitated diffusion

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[@user-pu3dy2wo7k]

Make sure to include what gradient you are talking about. Isn't it from low to high? In other words the concentration gradient of the solvent is from high to low, but the solvent is also moving from an area of low solute concentration gradient to high. Am I wrong? because I have heard so many different things, but I think this is right.

[@alicealexandre9662]

Que eu saiba, as moléculas de água não podem passar livremente pela membrana celular, pois a cauda dos fosfolípidos (camada interior da célula) é uma região hidrofóbica devido à apolaridade dos seus componentes. Por este mesmo motivo a água só entra e sai da célula através de aquaporinas, proteínas que permitem a sua passagem, por isso não é bem como está representado no vídeo… certo?

[@sanihastiar3635]

Isn't osmosis the movement from lower to higher consentration (3:22 also shows the same, or i have misconception about it 😂)? Got a bit confused there with what i learned from school 🤔

[@joyzote]

Lower to higher movement is active transport because it requires ATP energy.

[@sanihastiar3635]

@@joyzote i mean if you look at 3:22 it shows that the water molecules pass through from lower to higher concentration, but the narrator says the other way. I'm just a bit confused, sorry if im wrong

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[@spencerwozniak]

water moves from high concentration of water (low concentration of solute) to low concentration of water (high concentration of solute)

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Osmosis is just the transport of water across cell membrane and stuff.

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That's how the cell membranes look like!. They look like a bed mattress. lol

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Remember... Water's diffusion happens through cell membrane directly but it is majorly through aquaporin proteins...

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[@ShettigarsFOODDestination]

As I learnt in 9th class... Diffusion is the movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration.. while coming to osmosis, it is the movement of only water molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration... But as u have examples; diffusion in water.. actually it's false example u gave, I mean diffusion does not takes place in water, only osmosis is the movement of water molecules..... So, please be write

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in semipermeable membrane solute cant pass only solvent can pass . video is incorrect . ????

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