Personality Traits Diagnostic Model of Personality Disorders in the DSM (Dimensional Model)

This video answers the question: What is the personality trait model of diagnosing personality disorders in the DSM? When we consider personality disorders in the DSM, we know that there are sections on categorically diagnosing these disorders. For example, a number of symptom criteria and so many of those symptoms must be fulfilled in order to qualify for a diagnosis. In the DSM, there's also an alternative model based on personality traits. We could argue this is an approach to be more dimensional rather than categorical in terms of diagnosing. This alternate model can be used instead of the categorical model under certain situations, for example, if the categorical model of personality disorders doesn't quite match up to the needs in the assessment. This is also just really a proposed set of criteria and a proposed methodology, so it's something is still being worked on, but right now is available to use. First, to understand this personality trait model, we have to understand the general criteria for personality disorder under this model. Here we see two main criteria and then a few other criteria. We would have to consider the two criteria that really stand out here would be A and B. Criterion A says that there needs to be moderate or more severe impairment in personality functioning and Criterion B indicates that you would need to have one or more pathological personality traits. Then we see other criteria and these are like some other sets of criteria we see in other places in the DSM, including that this impairment that's referred to in criterion a must be inflexible and pervasive, the personality traits need to be stable, and the onset needs to be traced back to adolescence or early adulthood. We also see that the disturbance can't be better explained by another mental disorder, substance use, or from a medical condition. The disturbance would not be considered normal for the developmental stage or for the socio-cultural environment. Using this alternative model based on personality traits only six personality disorder can be diagnosed so from Cluster A we see only schizotypal (no schizoid and no paranoid personality disorder), from Cluster B we see antisocial, narcissistic, and borderline (no histrionic), and from Cluster C we see avoidant personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (no dependent personality disorder).

[@PotionsMaster007]

I’m binging your videos to study for my exam. It’s much more engaging than reading directly from the dsm

[@tsbcmhc2083]

I was unaware that there was two models that can be used. This was a lot of information but also very helpful.

[@TheVampirequeen2009]

Thank you so much for these wonderful videos. I am taking my masters to become a clinical psychologist and I wish I discovered your channel sooner, you explain better than my teachers. Keep it up, you're amazing!

[@DrGrande]

You are quite welcome!

[@angelinastanton7996]

This video really helped me to understand the Five factor model in comparison to the Five trait model of pathological personality traits. The examples given on the antisocial and borderline disorders helped me to see how the facets underlie each trait. Everything was very organized and well explained.

[@kikixiong6156]

I can see myself coming back to this video for many times as the information was a little bit overwhelming but very interesting!

[@suzgen7323]

This video contained a lot of information and the content was linked very well. Excellent explanation with much detail for review.

[@nickosman9739]

Thank you for these, and in particularly this one. Please keep them coming.

[@kristiewatunya2699]

This was such a well explained video on Personality Disorders. It was broken down to gain a better understanding of the Personality Traits Diagnostic Model. Overall, I obtained a better understanding of the DSM's Personality Disorders. Thanks!

[@jackiesorrells5571]

Personality disorders are the most pervasive challenge facing our profession and it critically important that as clinicians we remain well trained in these disorders.

[@wandamixon5360]

This alternate model of diagnosing disorders is interesting. I look forward to both learning more about it as well as seeing how the model progresses.

[@SK_TorON]

Dr. Grande, you have done an excellent job in summarizing this non-trivial model of personality disorders. A hypothetical mapping between the trait "Openness to Experience" in the Big Five and the trait "Psychoticism" in the alternative clinical model of DSM-5 could still exist, but it could be a more complex mapping than for the other four traits. For example, true delusions (one of the characteristics of high psychoticism) might be reasonably likened to a very low openness to experience, since true (not pseudo-) delusions are not amenable to questioning challenge from others or to disconfirming evidence from environment. But on the other hand, there seems to exist a quite reverse correspondence, where hallucinations or disordered thinking (also characteristic of high psychoticism) might be likened to a very high openness to experience, as in perceiving a shadow as a person or connecting ordinarily disjoint ideas into a false pattern. So, if there is a mapping between "Openness to Experience" and "Psychoticism", it may be facet-dependent: for some facets "high" may be mapped to "high", while for other facts "high" may be mapped to "low". Does that make sense at all?

[@DrGrande]

Yes, that makes sense. I agree some of the facets of Openness could correspond to Psychoticism. For example, we see a positive association become high Openness and Schizotypal personality disorder.

[@thebehaviouristguy]

Thanks once more for the information you share with the community.

[@DrGrande]

You are quite welcome!

[@observerszenith]

Very clear and informative. Thank you for this.

[@veronicabetz9452]

This video is very complex, but interesting. I like the example of the five factor mode and using the personality dimensions OCEAN.

[@adambrowne332]

I thought this video was very informative. There is a lot of information that goes into diagnosing mental health disorders so it is very necessary to understand all of the criterion of each. However I think that reviewing this again in class or using this video as a guide for future reference will greatly help me to understand all of the caveats and criteria.

[@angelinastanton7996]

I agree this video was very informative, organized, and helpful when giving examples of personality disorders. This would serve as a great study guide and quick reference in the future.

[@virginiamurrey9139]

Interesting video, especially since I have recently started to familiarize myself with the DSM 5.

[@ketokatt5555]

Thank you for clarification. Very concise. How much disability (inability to work or enjoy social relationships) do you see in persons with these impairments?

[@andreanichols7950]

I've always known about the categorical model, but never knew of the alternative.

[@JoeDirt-el2fr]

The trait model was interesting to look at, personality disorder need to be studied further.

[@justonefyx]

Another great video. Could you make a video on Self Direction? I'm a little confused on what is considered poor or good self direction in mental health.

[@jillbeck6917]

Personality disorders are quite interesting and I would think required specific understanding to diagnose. Symptoms are simplistic and easy to define compared to a person's embedded way of being.

[@rhondabaileyyy]

I was interested in learning about the alternate model.

[@johnharrisjr2808]

There was a lot of information in that video. Personality traits diagnostic model of personality disorders are used under certain situations, moderate to severe impairment in personality functions and one or more pathological personality traits

[@lolly_golightly]

Update: ICD 11 went ahead with the change to dimensional / spectrum model as of January 2022. This represents a move in the right direction, as no longer will there be one one kind of NPD persona. There’ll be less stigma for those who don’t fit the stereotype of NPD as it’s currently understood. BPD - Now can we please get most of those ppl re-diagnosed so they can get treatment for CPTSD? And get CPTSD added to ICD and DSM. It’ll save lives.

[@janicedixon2051]

I don’t think I quite captured everything I should have from this video. Definitely would like to explore this further in class.

[@suzgen7323]

I agree. There was a lot of detail information quickly covered in this video that I would also look forward covering in class.

[@kelly4321]

A lot was covered in this video, another look would be needed to fully get the information down.

[@Zurvan101]

Another great video, I've recently subscribed. Which traits would be present for a diagnosis of avoidant (AvPD) personality disorder?

[@generalleenknassknotretire9180]

But, I wanted see the *"three dimensional"* model.

[@nicorizzo5402]

The antagonism wouldn't apply to all borderlines, maybe just some of them.