As a native Spanish speaker, I've used IPA since the first language I started learning (English). These symbols are really helpful to pronounce everything correctly. If people told me "this vowel/consonant sounds like this vowel/consonant in Spanish", it wouldn't be accurate and I'd still pronounce them incorrectly, with a thick accent. Thanks for this video
@matthewheald89645 ай бұрын
I don't mean to be patronizing, but I teach English as a Second Language and I've seen a lot of my students struggle with English, so I just wanted to say that yours is very good. 😊
@letsunnahgoforth2 жыл бұрын
You have such a good speaking and singing voice. You could be on the radio or voicing audiobooks or documentaries.
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
That’s very kind. I do have an audiobooks store at LukeRanieri.com
@RobertRanieri Жыл бұрын
Very clear
@FrozenMermaid6667 ай бұрын
I am learning multiple ancient languages, including Norse / Gothic / Latin and all other Germanic languages and their Middle + Old versions - I highly recommend learning the prettiest languages ever Norse / Icelandic / Dutch / Norwegian / Gothic / Faroese / Danish that are as pretty / refined / poetic as English and way too pretty not to know, and any of the other Germanic languages and the 6 modern Celtic languages and Galician / Latin / Gallo etc and Hungarian and Slovene, as these languages are so pretty!
@matthewheald89645 ай бұрын
@@FrozenMermaid666 why are you here?
@MenelmacarLG2 жыл бұрын
Thou hast done well here. Yea, a worthy moving picture.
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Χάριτάς σοι
@UnenlagiafraMaknoeja2 жыл бұрын
Brilliant video as usual! Clear, synthetic, and illustrated with great examples. One tiny nitpick: in European French the uvular trill /ʀ/ is all but gone. To most speakers, /ʀ/ sounds very old-timey, something you would only hear in songs from the 1940s, 50s and 60s (such as songs by Edith Piaf, Jacques Brel or George Brassens). Many people are actually unable to pronounce it and standard French rather uses the uvular fricative /ʁ/ (like in standard German). I sometimes use /ʀ/ but just for fun, because I like how it sounds ^^ (thanks for the cat purr tip by the way :D)
@Mercure2502 жыл бұрын
When I explain /ʀ/ to French speakers, I usually say "C'est le R d'Édith Piaf" lol
@wingedhussar11172 жыл бұрын
I am a German native speaker and I mostly use the voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/. However, when I want to stress a word, sometimes a uvular trill slips out of my mouth, but this mostly happens when I get angry :D Like when I say "Raus hier!" (Get out!), "Ruhe, ich will schlafen!" (Shut up, I wanna sleep!)... However, I do not do this on purpose, this happens rather accidentally
@quietcat2 жыл бұрын
The first time I heard that /ʀ/ (or noticed at least) was in a Portuguese late night show, the host had a German singer has a guest who sang/talked with that /ʀ/ sound. I was fascinated by it because it was new to me, and I went around trying to reproduce it. This was all before the Internet gave you access to the easy info on all manner of subjects. I eventually managed to figure out how to make that sound. I was so happy about that, still am. And yes, later on Edith Piaf also came into my sphere of knowledge. I have noticed that Stromae also has that /ʀ/. So I wonder if it still happens in Belgium.
@XQQ-qm8ow2 жыл бұрын
Peux-être c'est quelque chose de régional (j'ai grandi en Picardie rurale) mais depuis mon enfance j'ai toujours prononcé le « r » en tant que /ʀ/ lorsqu'il est entouré par deux voyelles (comme « arrête »), et en tant que /ʁ/ lorsqu'il précède une consonne (comme « armoire ») ou termine un mot (comme « mort »). C'est avec votre commentaire que je viens de réaliser comment est-il rare de le prononcer de cette manière.
@oceantree50002 жыл бұрын
IPA is such a wonderful tool. I’d never have gotten Gaelic pronunciation in hand without it!
@zachchen95642 жыл бұрын
In some Middle Chinese consonant reconstructions, there are a lot of retroflex sounds, like ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, tʂ, dʐ, ʂ, ʐ. In some reconstructions theres no retroflex consonants
@DankePrime2 ай бұрын
I'm a native English speaker, and this video made me realize I pronounce most H's like /ç/. This news hit me like a bullet train, because I didn't even know there where multiple sounds for H
@vytah2 жыл бұрын
10:49 there's a nice video about denti-alveolar vs alveolar T's by Dogen, titled "The Japanese T isn't easy". Most Romance languages use denti-alveolar T's, English usually uses alveolar T's, but for example Irish English uses both, denti-alveolar for ⟨th⟩ and alveolar for ⟨t⟩.
@TadeuszCantwell2 жыл бұрын
You might be interested to know "Irish English" is known as Hiberno English.
@empyrionin Жыл бұрын
No the Irish don't actually hibernate
@martinomasolo88332 жыл бұрын
Modern Persian has the voiced uvular stop [ɢ] (it occurs mostly in Arabic loanwords where a ق qāf, or غ ghayn are present, but also some native words, like the word for frog, "qoorbaqeh")
@AstAMoore2 жыл бұрын
According to many phoneticians, the palatalized version/g/ in English actually _does_ occur in before /ē/, in the word _geese_ Some argue that a similar palatalization occurs for /k/ in words like _key_ or _keep_ (etc.).
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Cool! Yeah that would be consistent with the fronting of /h/ as well
@user-ze7sj4qy6q2 жыл бұрын
probably depends on the accent. i am pretty certain there are accents that do that and some that dont
@deithlan2 жыл бұрын
In my accent of English, "key" and "keep" are pronounced [c͡çiˑ] and [c͡çiˑp̚] respectively :D Now, I am not a native English speaker, but my accent was form as a mix of all the accents I come accross every day, so I cannot pinpoint where they are used, but the fact that I pronounce them as such, and don’t in my native language, shows that some English speakers do do it!
@Smitology2 жыл бұрын
I wonder if it also occurs to a lesser extent before the long a vowel (eg kale, game, etc)? In my dialect (in Australia) it doesn't really happen as our pronunciation uses a far lower vowel that begins the diphthong, but I know in RP and GA they use a high starting vowel, so maybe that creates a bit of palatisation?
@eyeofthasky2 жыл бұрын
thats not palatalization, thats fronting. in phonology everything exists on a spectrum cuz your mouth is a real place, and u can move your tongue etc. to wherever u like, but we need to define at least roughly where or what something is happening. fronting is therefore a weaker predecessor of palatalization. like a mosquito bite is to an alligator bite. Luke's pronunciation of /c/ seemed much more like fronted /k/ too (microphone's fault?). if u compare Hungarian like in its endonym Magyar, you can clearly hear a difference. the thign about h, or much more common in pronouncing e.g. [hi̯ud͡ʒ] ~ [h̟jud͡ʒ] ~ [hʲud͡ʒ] ~ [çud͡ʒ] really is palatalization since the effect is involved enough.
@inconspicuous-nobody2 жыл бұрын
I've been committing ich-laut with only my front close vowel all my life and had no idea. And now I can't unhear it!
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Haha yeah, I would do it only seldom, and I think it’s a habit I picked up from others after university. But now I’m more careful and don’t do it, or perhaps even less
@PodcastItaliano2 жыл бұрын
Great stuff, as always!
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Thank you, my friend! 🇮🇹🇺🇸
@johnreyes73052 жыл бұрын
I can vouch for ALI. Not just good teachers, but great people as well. I've been doing Attic for a while and I have 0 complaints. The classes are fun, flexible and well thought out.
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
I’m delighted to hear that!
@ancientlanguageinstitute2 жыл бұрын
Thanks John - so glad to hear that. Thrilled we get students like you studying with us!
@ecila2462 жыл бұрын
this is absolutely fascinating, and is actually super helpful for me recognising different sounds in spanish, it will definitely be a tool I use in the future. I already unconsciously did the unaspirated p's and t's etc in spanish, but it's cool to see the reason behind why these consonants sounded softer to my ears than the english versions of these consonant sounds.
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Great! I’m glad if it’s helpful
@shweshwa92022 жыл бұрын
Considering you like and speak Italian, I think you should know that in Tuscan dialect and Tuscan accent we pronounce the intervocalic /p/ as bilabial fricative called “gorgia toscana”. So, “ape” bee it’s pronounced “aɸe”
@Mercure2502 жыл бұрын
One sound you didn't describe which I really like is /ɬ/, the voiceless lateral alveolar fricative. It's found in Welsh, and also in Inuit languages, and also as part of the affricate /t͡ɬ/ in Nahuatl (the name of the language itself contains that affricate). It's certainly present in other languages as well, I just don't know them by heart. On the conlang side of things, it's notably present in Sindarin. It's basically like /l/, but with the sides of the tongue closer to the sides of the mouth, and voiceless, and I think it sounds very cool.
@user-ze7sj4qy6q2 жыл бұрын
one of my fav sounds to use in conlangs or to find in nat langs. also used in navajo, zulu, etc, such a cool sound
@thalianero10712 жыл бұрын
Just make sure not to pronounce it as [ɬl]!
@rayres10742 жыл бұрын
Another thing you'll find very little information on is the labiodental approximant. We are so used of the fricative v that pronouncing that labiodental adequately is... extremely hard. Found in Dutch and, to a lesser extent, in German, it's often glossed aside since it's such a minor difference.
@Mercure2502 жыл бұрын
@@rayres1074 Actually, some British people pronounce their "R" this way
@tinzka2 жыл бұрын
@@Mercure250 Which region???
@petarjovanovic14812 жыл бұрын
This chart helped me a lot in learning Hebrew. Now, when I pronounce Hebrew, native Hebrew speakers think that I am one too. My uvular R helped a lot in sounding native. In my native language R should be a trill but due to my tongue tie I can't pronounce it as a trill 😅😅 but for Modern Hebrew it is perfect. Also, the vowel system in my language and Hebrew is the same. That helped as well. Only thing that I am having issues with is stress. 😅 The stress in Hebrew is on ultimate or penultimate syllable while in my native language it is never on those syllables. The biggest thing to get my brain around was a glotal stop. I understood that well but it turns out that native Hebrew speakers don't care much about that sound and generally don't pronounce it. Additionally, I went to a website called "seeing speech" where they have audio and video on how to pronounce the consonant and vowels in IPA chart.
@clordtrundle2 жыл бұрын
whats your native language?
@petarjovanovic14812 жыл бұрын
@@clordtrundle Serbian Српски 🇷🇸🤗
@user-ze7sj4qy6q2 жыл бұрын
yeah, because of influence from european languages many hebrew speakers dont or mostly dont pronunce aleph ayn or any of the pharyngealized consonands
@petarjovanovic14812 жыл бұрын
@@user-ze7sj4qy6q That is not exactly true. European influence on Hebrew is mostly in sentence structure. Many other Semitic languages have also lost those sounds. Two very relevant ones to mentioned are Samaritan Hebrew and varieties of Neo-Aramaic, which didn't have a contact with European languages but mostly with Arabic and have also lost combination of those different sounds, mostly Hey, Chet, Ayen, Qof...
@clordtrundle2 жыл бұрын
@@user-ze7sj4qy6q i mean… ʔ isnt pharyngeal or really lost, just very often not pronounced in casual speech
@jillvslangs8 ай бұрын
I never noticed before, but now that you've pointed it out, I can't "unhear" the voiced "thank you" anymore hahaha thhhhhank you so much for these super helpful and informative explanatory videos about IPA
@garychisholm21742 жыл бұрын
Good golly. If you had been my music teacher I would have learned the Circle of 5ths and finished my minor. You can explain Anything!
@culturecanvas7772 жыл бұрын
I think it's because he's a teacher and a student simultaneously. That makes him a far better teacher.
@The_name1052 жыл бұрын
@@culturecanvas777 yeah.
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Very kind of you
@reillybova2 жыл бұрын
Been looking forward to this video for ages!!!!! My IPA toolbox continues to grow 🥳. “ðæŋks” for putting together such amazing tutorial!
@brianpfoss2 жыл бұрын
I am a happy customer of the Ancient Language Institute and I highly recommend! I took two Latin courses and loved it. The readings are engaging and the facilitators are knowledgeable and warm! Both classes were taught in Latin which was extra helpful practice. There was no judgment or correction though - it couldn’t be better!
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the comment, Brian! We’re all really happy to hear that.
@weirdlanguageguy2 жыл бұрын
I first realized that the way I said thanks was a minority pronunciation when I looked the word up on wiktionary (at that time, the only transcription was /θæŋks/). Then, as there was very little information about the voiced pronunciation and no one else that I knew used it except for my siblings, I concluded that it was probably just a weird thing either from my family or from the west, where my family is from. So it was very exciting to learn that you have it too! On another note, I actually have uvular allophones of /k/ and /g/ when they come before /l/, because my l's are uvularized rather than velarized.
@mmmmmmmmmmmmm2 жыл бұрын
Hey, me too on the uvulars!
@weirdlanguageguy2 жыл бұрын
@@mmmmmmmmmmmmm its nice to see that I'm not alone!
@user-ze7sj4qy6q2 жыл бұрын
i also pronounce thanks etc w voiced th. p sure that's pretty typical but maybe im wrong.
@empyrionin Жыл бұрын
I pronounce it unvoiced but due to time spent in the Southern US it goes more towards θæɛŋks. Definitely feel that ð would sound off. But I'm not a native.
@highgroundproductions85902 жыл бұрын
There's something interesting that I noticed. I am natively biliongual in English and Russian due to being an American with Russian immigrant parents. I've observed interesting differences between the consonants of English and Russian that, say, Wikipedia does not mention. Wikipedia does a great job with most aspects, but it says that the russian N (H) is [n], the same as the english or romance-language /n/. But in fact the russian N is pronounced with the tongue a lot "broader" and "flatter" than the english N. In the english n, only the tip of the tongue delicately touches the roof of the mouth, while in russian a broad area of the tongue pushes against the roof of the mouth, creating a more back of mouth or slavic sounding sound.
@driksarkar66752 жыл бұрын
I believe the terminology is that English n is apical alveolar, while Russian n is laminal alveolar. The difference between apical and laminal is (I think) the main difference between the letters ট and ত in Bengali (though they’re voiceless stops) or between s and z in Basque (though they’re sibilants.) Edit: I believe Russian’s n is also velarized (so it’s coarticulated velar-ly) and this is probably also (part of) what you’re noticing.
@oceantree50002 жыл бұрын
The Gaelic languages also have both Ns (and a third, counting the palatalized version, just like Russian н before a soft vowel). I love that diversity! The phonological richness of especially Scottish Gaelic (and also its close cousin, Ulster Irish) was a great jumping off point for that in Russian.
@gabor62592 жыл бұрын
Is the Russian /n/ somewhat similar to L sound?
@highgroundproductions85902 жыл бұрын
@@gabor6259 Yeah actually. The American style Dark L has the tongue in a similar position, more back in the mouth.
@oyungogdfrust4136 Жыл бұрын
the russian n is i think postalveolar while the english n is alveolar.
@sharkeynoyz2 жыл бұрын
Oh, your “wh” pronunciation is so classy!
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Thanks! It’s not native; I started doing it because I like it, and I use it for Shakespearean original pronunciation
@haitike2 жыл бұрын
@@polyMATHY_Luke I thought it was because Jackson Crowford influence haha Thanks for the video, it was very helpful.
@zyctc0002 жыл бұрын
Woohoo! Just after I finished the Vowels video.
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Great timing
@zyctc0002 жыл бұрын
@@polyMATHY_Luke Thank you very much. I came across your vowel video trying to learn French better. Yet in the process it actually helped me to understand English, which I’ve been speaking everyday for like 10 years, much better. It even helped me understand Mandarin(my mother tongue, kind of, since we all born with our dialects and learned Mandarin in school) better! I realized I actually have an accent in Mandarin caused by my dialect even though I’m Chinese for my entire life so far lol. Thanks again for these kind of meta language video!
@AllenYangZzz2 жыл бұрын
28:00 reminds me an interesting fact about Hindi. They tend to use retroflex t/d instead of dental to transliterate those loan words from English. But we know the dentals sound nearer to English actually. Why they choose retroflex???
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Well, the articulated position of English T/D is more alveolar than dental, and this difference must have led to the tradition in India if using retroflex consonants for English. Yet the effect for native Anglophones is a unique an odd thing to hear
@pawel1988122 жыл бұрын
Speakers of Indian English will sometimes use dental t (or tʰ) for the θ and ð of other varieties of English. So a phrase like "Thor, the god of thunder" might sound like t̺ʰoːr d̺ə goɖ of t̺ʰɐɳɖər. This plosive pronunciation of the th-sound also occurs in Irish English and British varieties that were influenced by it (f.ex. Scouse). So pairs of words like thanks and tanks will sound similar but still distinct if you have the ear for it (which I do not)
@XiRevsGD7 ай бұрын
13:31 this sound appears in Emirati Arabic represented by ق (Qaaf)
@vip96582 жыл бұрын
the voiced q is used in yemen and sudan but some people pronounce it as g
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Cool, I had a feeling
@josephsaab72082 жыл бұрын
@@polyMATHY_Luke I think also in Lebanese/levantine arabic it's pronounced different aswell
@eyeofthasky2 жыл бұрын
28:20 if we stay in europe, Swedish has retroflex sounds too. everytime a coronal stop comes after an /r/, the two fuse to a retroflex sound
@Urdatorn5 ай бұрын
Interesting fact: we have four of those Sanskrit retroflex consonants (ɳ,ʈ,ɖ, and ʂ) in Swedish! They all occur as the effect of r coming before the consonants n, t, d and s, as in ’horn’, ’ort’, ’ord’, ’fors’. The r, which is normally a trill, is not pronounced, but merely acts as an operator to retroflex the subsequent consonant. A random bridge between Scandinavia and India 😊
@jejtherusheddoodle232 жыл бұрын
Now we need the third installment. *The IPA pronunciation for numbers.*
@matthewheald89645 ай бұрын
I didn't expect to improve my knowledge of Tengwar with this video; those books where one of the first things that really got me into linguistics, but I could never find any definitive outline for their pronunciation due to their wide use among the other tongues of Middle Earth. Again, not the knowledge I expected to glean, but hey, whatever works 🤣. Also, your explanation of "w" really helped me get the velar approximant down a little better; as a native English speaker, that was like the one sound I just could not make. Anyways, thank you (I say it with a voiceless "th") for another helpful and entertaining video!
@chriflu11 ай бұрын
Thanks for the great content! I now realize part of the reason why your pronunciation sounds so "native" in every language you speak including my kinda mother tongue, German ("kinda" because my mother tongue is Swiss German). When I studied the foreign languages that I speak (French, English, Italian, Latin), I had quite a good ear, so I am often complimented on my good accent, but I feel that if that intuitive approach had been complemented with your analytical approach, I could have done much better. While listening and trying to imitate the different sounds with my mouth, I also realized one thing that had already struck me when first learning foreign languages: It is less difficult to learn sounds that don't exist at all in one's own language than to learn to differentiate between phonemes that are allophones in one's own native language. Ironically, this even applies to the "ach-Laut" and the "ich-Laut" in Standard German. While the rule is simple ("ch" after a, o, u is the ach-Laut, "ch" after i, e, ä, ö, ü is the ich-Laut), I think most German speakers are not even aware that they pronounce "ch" differently depending on the preceding vowel. And even if a German speaker uses neither, but always realizes "ch" as the uvular variant as a lot of Swiss and Tyrolean speakers do (influenced by our dialects), that's perceived as a different realization of "the same sound". The same goes for voiceless and voiced "s" when German speakers learn French. Even though or rather: because both phones exist in German as regional variants of the same phoneme, German native speakers often confuse them when speaking French - because for example to German ears "ruse" and "russe" sounds like the same word, once pronounced by someone from Hannover and once by someone from Munich. I find it fascinating that it seems to be easier to teach your mouth to make new sounds than to teach your brain to "unlearn" perceiving different sounds as one and the same phoneme, so to speak ...
@georgios_53422 жыл бұрын
Very nicely done! I love it when practical videos on ancient Greek and Latin help us with modern languages as well, like this one
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Thanks! I’m glad if it’s useful
@conlangus99662 жыл бұрын
Beautifully done, amazing resource for aspiring language-learners and Conlangers!
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Thanks
@almazu27702 жыл бұрын
13:36 Persian has ɢ sound
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Cool! I didn’t know that
@alsatusmd1A132 жыл бұрын
And so did Proto-Indo-European according to one of the odder models of the Glottalic theory: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottalic_theory#Original_glottalic_proposal
@zyctc0002 жыл бұрын
7:42 I’m so grateful that we have both p and pʰ in standard Chinese. I learned b through English because Chinese doesn’t have b. Now when I’m learning French, I can really get the p like the French version of “les parents”.
@oceantree50002 жыл бұрын
What about “bàba,” “bái,” “bàozi,” particle “ba,” etc etc? What do you mean by “Chinese doesn’t have b”?
@zyctc0002 жыл бұрын
@@oceantree5000 the pinyin writes it as a “b” but it is actually an unvoiced and unaspirated /p/. I know this because I have been using it to mimic English’s b, which is a real voiced and unaspirated (b). Only after I started to learn French, which has both aspirated p( poulet) and unaspirated p (parent) that I realized I was saying the English words wrong all those years. When I used to say a word like bed, I was not vibrating my vocal cord in the b part at all. So if your native language is English and trying to learn Mandarin, keep this in mind : you don’t vibrate your vocal cord when you met pinyin’s “b d g”, the vibration happens later with the vowel part. In short: Pinyins “b d g” are IPA’s /p/ /t/ /k/, while Pinyins “p t k” are IPA’s /pʰ/ /tʰ/ /kʰ/. English kind of has them too, consider the c in car vs scar. Can you feel the difference? P in Pay vs spade, t in tear vs stair. I hope you can spot the difference. Don’t be like me, I pronounced my English b d g wrongly for like 20 years. Listen closely to him at 8:45. The /pin/ he made is exactly like Mandarins 病(bin in Pinyin). Also a free pro tip: h in Pinyin is /x/ not /h/
@Yusuketh443 Жыл бұрын
@@zyctc000 it doesnt sound like /x/
@artugert7 ай бұрын
@@zyctc000Mandarin does sometimes have voicing. To quote the Wikipedia page on Standard Chinese Phonology: “If a weak syllable begins with an unaspirated obstruent (/p, t, k, t͡s, t͡ʂ, t͡ɕ/), that consonant may become voiced ([b, d, ɡ, d͡z, d͡ʐ, d͡ʑ] respectively). For example, in 嘴巴 zuǐba ("mouth"), the second syllable is likely to begin with a [b] sound, rather than an unaspirated [p].”
@kshitijvids2 жыл бұрын
thank you SO much for this🙏 you’re doing the lord’s work, appreciate this!
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for watching!
@letusplay22965 ай бұрын
6:05 Interesting tidbit: the order of the Kana in Japanese is actually taken directly from the ordering of letters in Nagari scripts. This is why the 'S' row is actually out of place. It corresponds to the retroflex 's' in Sanskrit, each row of letters is supposed to move as the tongue moves through the mouth, hence 's' after 'k' and before 't'. The 'h' row is before the 'm' row because they all used to be bilabial plosives
@MensHominis2 жыл бұрын
Hey man, great video! One thing that bothers me is the fact that in German (my native language), voiced consonants get unvoiced in syllable-onset position. It might be like that in English, too, but I’m not sure, considering that y’all don’t have German _terminal devoicing_ either. So, my problem is as follows: if I unvoice a voiced consonant, this should basically become a normal voiceless consonant. Now, in German phonetics, we often replace the ‘voicedness’ dichotomy with the concept of _fortis/lenis_ plosives, but to me that sounds like a cop-out from phonology to keep our orthography systematic. :D In my ears (and I’m usually very finicky with consonants*) there really isn’t a serious difference between the [b̥] in German “bitte” and the [p] in Italian “porco” (apart from the lip form owed to the resp. vowel) - in fact I believe that my pronunciation of Italian has improved wonderfully since I’ve started (then unknowingly) to pronounce Italian voiceless consonants like the German un-voiced consonants I was subconsciously used to. *) Trust me, I’m a Lower-Saxon. :D We don’t speak as pure a standard German as people here want to believe, but all in all, we mainly butcher our vowels. :3
@eduardocarbonellbelando68652 жыл бұрын
I really need to improve my pronunciation in the anciant greek lucian pronunciation because for χ I use the spanish j and also I’m unable to differenciate φ and β from f and v.
@WhizzKid20128 ай бұрын
Lucian is Koine Greek. I think that you should use the reconstructed ancient pronunciation where χ is /k/ followed by a /h/
@desmorgens31202 жыл бұрын
I have bought a book titled "Handbook of the International Phonetic Association" (Cambridge University Press, 2007). I hope this book will help me to understand IPA better than before.
@artugert7 ай бұрын
Did it?
@ToastyOs2 жыл бұрын
I don't think I've ever heard someone say ðæŋks before. Or perhaps I've just never noticed. In fact I'm realizing you must have said it many times in your videos but I never noticed it happening until the end of this video.
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Yeah, I’ve said it hundreds of times in all my videos. Isn’t that interesting? You’ve probably heard lots of people say it, but this particular variation usually goes unnoticed by 99% of people who hear it, including the speakers with it who assume, like I once did, that everyone uses the voiced version.
@Andunia2 жыл бұрын
I loved this video! Even thought i knew most of them already, now i learned even more. Thank you.
@pierreabbat61572 жыл бұрын
I think it likely that /ɢ/ occurred in Aramaic. Some words are spelled with ק in one stage of the language but with ע in another. If a word is spelled variously with ק or ע, or is spelled with either and has a Hebrew cognate with a corresponding צ, or is spelled with either and has an Arabic cognate with a corresponding ض, then the Aramaic word has the /ɢ/ sound. For instance, earth is ארעא in both Daniel and the NT Peshitta, but has an alternate spelling ארקא, the Hebrew cognate is ארץ, and the Arabic cognate is رض. Other examples are מחמעא (sp?) (yeast), which occurs in the Pesach liturgy and is cognate with חמץ; and אעא (tree), whose Hebrew cognate עץ has an irregular aleph-ayin correspondence.
@HiroMahtava2 жыл бұрын
the glottal stop is really important in the Formosan Languages
@JMaster-Scion_Of_Naught2 ай бұрын
I have a theory about 'ðæŋkz'. In English, there are obviously two sounds represented by TH. This is an allophone, and a lot of English speakers who don't know about linguistics don't realize that, and think that there is only one TH sound. Most likely, not realizing the difference lead to the slight alteration in accents from θ to ð in the occasional word. θæŋkz / ðæŋkz for your time.
@MaoRatto2 ай бұрын
No? ð and þ were allophones, but became phonemic due to loss of inflection. Also turned into function words...
@tFighterPilot2 жыл бұрын
It's important to note the the glottal stop occurs in the beginning of every English word which starts with [a], [e] [o], [u] or [i]. (Apple, Inside, Offer, Etc...)
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
I mentioned that. But it’s not phonemic in English
@tFighterPilot2 жыл бұрын
@@polyMATHY_Luke I think the difference between Year and Ear makes it phonemic
@isaacbruner658 ай бұрын
This video helped me figure out how to pronounce the velar fricative, thanks. I'm familiar with the IPA but for some reason it took a long time for this sound to click for me. I think the way I was doing it before was more uvular.
@100mintmagic22 жыл бұрын
07:27 Korean language has three contrasts of aspiration of /p/,/k/,/t/,/t͡ɕ/(unaspirated,weak,strong) and has voiced consonants of /b/,/g/,/d/,/d͡ʑ/.
@kori2282 жыл бұрын
Korean technically doesn't distinguish all of them at the same time. The lax series is allophonically voiced intervocallically, so there's only a 3-way distinction without voicing. An alternative analysis posits the underlying form of the lax series to be the voiced form, which still is allophonically devoiced word-initially. Still only has a 3-way distinction.
@NUSORCA2 жыл бұрын
After watching your videos on IPA consonants and vowels I can finally read ancient Chinese less painfully
@jamescarrier84772 жыл бұрын
How about a video on the NATO phonetic alphabet? It’s development and why it cuts through noise, how it could be improved (if it weren’t so entrenched), etc.
@johnopalko52232 жыл бұрын
I've never heard it referred to as the NATO phonetic alphabet. I've always heard it called the ICAO phonetic alphabet, probably because I mostly hang around with pilots.
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Great suggestion. Yes, NATO invented it originally, and ICAO adopted it thereafter
@johnopalko52232 жыл бұрын
@@polyMATHY_Luke If you do a video on the NATO/ICAO alphabet, will you discuss the digits? To me, "niner" makes perfect sense and I can understand the reasoning behind "fow-er," but I really don't see the point of "tree" and "fife."
27 күн бұрын
Dank you.
@letsunnahgoforth2 жыл бұрын
I also have an aspirated uvular plosive q sound and also a sound similar to q but with a g in my conlang.
@cyka6blat9895 ай бұрын
Hey could you explain/make a video more about the voiced uvular approximant and trill with a cross section of the human mouth? Please
@wagnerjunior65242 жыл бұрын
Could you make a video about double articulation ( doubly articulated consonants), please?
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Great topic
@zyctc0002 жыл бұрын
4:42 I’m Chinese, we do that exactly sound to call cat for feeding even we don’t use it in our language. I always wonder if this is universal. Please leave a comment if you do this too! I want to see how many culture/language use this sound even when the language itself does not have this sound.
@borahbros16648 ай бұрын
I’ve always pronounced thanks with eth, I didn’t know it was unusual.
@wyattscott42082 жыл бұрын
You can hear the glottal plosive in words that start with a vowel too.
@Mike25z2 жыл бұрын
Your content is wonderful. Your delivery is wonderful. Keep it up! This is an awesome channel
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Thanks very much!
@WhizzKid20128 ай бұрын
Glad so see you like the ayn of Arabic.
@randomhkitem2 жыл бұрын
Im making a language for fun, so the video is very helpful in choosing constants.
@duzejajamamАй бұрын
I love IPA🔥🔥🔥
@unarealtaragionevole2 жыл бұрын
Thought experiment, just saw your Thermae Romae Novae reaction. For some reason I kept thinking, "What would be the linguistic community's reactions and/or justifications if Cicero visited 21st century Rome, and didn't sound like how we think he should via the classical reconstruction?" Who would the experts say is more wrong? Him...us? LOL
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Haha it would be truly amazing
@unarealtaragionevole2 жыл бұрын
@@polyMATHY_Luke I can see Cicero coming back and as the world awaits his next epic oration...they are shocked to discover he sounds like Gilbert Gottfried. Headline reads: "Rome's best orator sounds like Arabian parrot."
@BogdanMicic2 жыл бұрын
Great video as always! If I may, I'd like to suggest you using square brackets [...] to indicate pronunciation. You used slashes /.../ throughout the video, but slashes are in fact used for the phonem(at)ic abstraction of the sound. This may sound like a technicality and in a way, it indeed is one. Therefore I'd understand, if you had done this intentionally. But for some of your examples it strikes me as very odd, if not wrong, to use slashes: for example there aren't two distinct German phonemes /ç/ and /x/. In fact [ç] is an allophone of the phoneme /x/ (a priori one could also argue that it's the other way around, but [x] is the ‚elsewhere allophone‘, so it's the base form). Therefore phonemically German ‚ich‘ and ‚ach‘ employ the same phoneme which ought to be transcribed as /x/ in both cases: /ɪx/ and /ax/. Their phonetic realisation, i.e. actual pronunciation, differs: [ɪç] and [ax]. To account for this fundamental difference I'd strongly suggest using brackets. I think that, if you'd have used different examples, it might have worked anyways, but some of your examples clearly are employing allophonic differences which would not be visible in phonemic transcription (another example is [r] vs. [ɾ] in Italian). In fact you yourself talk about the fact that some languages don't employ all sounds they use as phonemes. But by using slashes you treat all the sounds as if they were phonemes even if they aren't. Great video nonetheless. Best wishes from Austria. :)
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
I’m glad you liked the video. The convention you described is also used, but it is not the only convention. I mentioned this in the previous video on IPA kzbin.info/www/bejne/qqG1ZnqagL2jfcU The only “technical” difference, as you say, is that [] is for narrow transcription and // is for broad transcription. All this tells the reader is that the author uses [] with more confidence than //. For some, [] had better be a flawless description of a precise idiolect, and if you have any chance of getting it wrong then you had better use //. I have confirmed this practice is current with many linguists. When it suits me, I also use the phonemic vs allophonic convention you described.
@BogdanMicic2 жыл бұрын
@@polyMATHY_Luke Thank you for your reply! I wasn't aware that apparently some linguists use slashes to indicate broad transcription. I am in fact a university student of linguistics and the convention I learned, know and follow is to use slashes strictly for phonemic transcriptions whereas brackets are used for broad and narrow (phonetic) transcription alike (as noted in the article about Phonetic Transcription in the English Wikipedia: The difference between broad and narrow is a continuum, but the difference between phonemic and phonetic transcription is usually treated as a binary distinction.) While I favour using slashes for phonemic transcription exclusively I acknowledge that apparently there are different transcription conventions and you simply use slashes to indicate broad transcription. Thank you for clarifying this for me!
@kori2282 жыл бұрын
@@polyMATHY_Luke IPA Handbook, pg 175: [] are phonetic, // are phonemic. No mention of broad vs narrow phonetic transcription. I would stick with it being phonemic vs phonetic, it'll get confusing otherwise for people looking into languages further on their own. You mention the primary distinction as phonemic vs phonetic in your previous, why aren't you keeping it consistent and clear? It gives people a confusing idea of the difference between phonemic and phonetic transcriptions. I would assume the linguists you confirmed with were Phoneticians working with single languages, which is fine if they need the specificity. But if you're teaching language and IPA broadly, I would say keep it to Phonemic vs Phonetic transcription. If you've accustomed people to using slashes for broad phonetic transcription, how do you teach people phonology without getting them confused? You can always make a transcription more narrow by adding diacritics, but you can't really broaden a transcription to account for phonemes if you've already used slashes. Also as a note, Wikipedia keeps it to Phonemic vs Phonetic. edit: it confirms that Phonetic, whether broad or narrow, should be in brackets (IPA Handbook, pg 175)
@SolviKaaber11 ай бұрын
As an Icelander I related very much to that comment on aspiration being a more common contrast than voiced / voiceless. Also a bit disappointed you didn’t mention the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.
@vedicved56022 жыл бұрын
Your Explanation is really wonderful dude👌! I really want to learn complete IPA and want master it completely🤓, because of you I've interestingly 65-80% learnt both Vowels and Constants(Pulmonic), I guess. And really want to Thank you for that through directly from my heart❤! And Therefore, I humbly request you to please upload more videos over IPA, on everything! For Example, Diacritics, Suprasegmentals, Tones and Word Accent, Consonants (Non-Pulmonic) and Other Symbols etc... I'll be grateful 😇 to you!
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Very kind! I’ll do my best
@vedicved56022 жыл бұрын
@@polyMATHY_Luke /θæŋk juː/
@le-marin2 жыл бұрын
Ahoy, Cap'n! Could you possibly do a vid with an exaustive-minute, very fine nuances included-explanation on the difference between FUI and ERAM, or preterite vs imperfect in general? Sure thing, it's not that big a deal, this topic that is, esp. for those who speak/know Spanish. But still, I find myself, time and again, baffled and musing about which one of these two forms/tenses I should use in this or that particular case. Or maybe both? Quod interdum molestissimum esse potest. Precor opem feras. Your help woud really... help!
@gabriellawrence6598 Жыл бұрын
I loved the video and it was super helpful regarding some doubts I had on Sanskrit phonology, but I thought you were going to explain every single sound.
@polyMATHY_Luke Жыл бұрын
Thanks, I’m glad. As covering every sound is impractical, my goal was just to introduce the viewer to the terminology and symbols, and to arm him with the ability to go to Wikipedia and understand both.
@artugert7 ай бұрын
@@polyMATHY_LukeNot sure why it would be impractical. You already did half of them. It’s just a matter of doing the other half. 😉
@kara1599 Жыл бұрын
I have been looking for IPA related videos for a while. this one gratefully helps me understand it. May I suggest you put hashtags in your description such as #IPA to make people easier to find this video.
@polyMATHY_Luke Жыл бұрын
Thanks! Good suggestion
@richardb.64752 жыл бұрын
Thank (voiced) you! I was rather hopeful you'd do the Welsh 'll' :)
@oceantree50002 жыл бұрын
Braf iawn, boi! Ti’n siarad Cymraeg? Ri’n ni yma o hyd! ❤️ That sound is all over North American indigenous languages as well. Also notably present in Icelandic, and as an allophonic realization of final-position slender L in Sc. Gaelic. It’s such a salient sound!
@wingedhussar11172 жыл бұрын
23:12 Quick correction: Most Germans have a uvular ach-Laut, not a velar one. Actually, the voiceless velar fricative does exist in German, but the misconception is that German only has a two-way-contrast between the ich-Laut and the ach-Laut. In fact, the "ch" phoneme has three allophones, not two. Germans tend to use a uvular fricative after low vowels (like "Bach") and a velar fricative after high vowels (like "Buch").
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Hmm, I don’t agree that “most” Germans have a uvular ach-Laut, given my years of listening to and speaking German since high school, but I think I know what you’re referring to. German /h/ and /x/ are noticeably “stronger” than their equivalents in English and Modern Greek, for example, and I think it’s a matter of oral posture, or just a different manner of articulating essentially the same phones.
@driksarkar66752 жыл бұрын
I think me and some other people occasionally pronounce a /ð/ in the word “thanks,” but only variably and only at all when the preceding word ends in a vowel.
@yeah58742 жыл бұрын
Тнis was so much more in depth and scientific than I expected
@nightfox6738 Жыл бұрын
32:15 The Japanese r is actually not the pure alveolar tap. It's lateralized too: [ɺ] (one of the phonemes I think you skipped). So its not quite the same as the more common flipped r. Everything else was great though. You make such amazing videos!
@M.athematech2 жыл бұрын
Mainstream prestige pronunciation of Arabic has uvular q for qaaf, BUT Arabic dialects have a whole spectrum of pronunciations, typically velar and unaspirated and often with some additional aspect such as voicing (making it the same as English hard g) or glottalized. The corresponding sound in the Ethiopic languages is ejective velar with labialized and non-labialized allophones. Uvular pronunciation of the corresponding sound in Hebrew and Syriac only occurs when these languages are pronounced as if Arabic by first language Arabic speakers. So it is an innovation of prestige Arabic, not a typical Semitic or Afroasiatic sound. Regarding the sound in ancient Egyptian traditionally transliteraded q, all the evidence points to this being merely voiced velar English hard g, whereas the sound transliterated g was probably palatal or prevelar.
@Frilouz792 жыл бұрын
In Tunisian Arabic, /g/ is used for /q/. They use the letter : ڨ for it.
@Frilouz792 жыл бұрын
There is a word that I love in Italian, which is: "magari", from the Greek "μακάρι", with a lenition of the intervocalic /k/ to /g/. It means "by chance, maybe, hopefully".
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Indeed!
@spellandshield2 жыл бұрын
You are truly a god unto men! Such industry and knowledge are rare sights to behold!
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Too kind
@ancientlanguageinstitute2 жыл бұрын
Awesome video as usual, Luke!
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Thanks very much! Especially for the support
@wordart_guian2 жыл бұрын
/ɢ/ occurs in persian and also mongolian i think
@corneliaschindelin4439 Жыл бұрын
Actually, "coronal" and "dorsal" refer to the part of the mobile articulator, the tongue, which is active in making these sounds in the columns below these words.
@polyMATHY_Luke Жыл бұрын
Ah thanks
@The_name1052 жыл бұрын
That ? Sound was, in duo lingo, explained as the sound between uh and oh when one says uh-oh.
@zyctc0002 жыл бұрын
I concur because I've been using this /ʔ/ in my local dialect for my entire life. I'm Chinese, this sound does not exist in modern Mandarin but it exists in my local dialect and it actually makes some ancient Chinese poems rhyme better! It is exactly like the pause between uh-oh.
@The_name1052 жыл бұрын
@@zyctc000 It is amazing how just by speaking and then thinking about what you say can make you understand language as a whole a lot better.
@nikgracanin61802 жыл бұрын
They've (teachers, family, friends) have always told me no matter what, you can never properly learn the sounds of foreign languages your native language does not have. What a load of bs that is. It might be hard, and some consonats/vowels might really be off the limits, but you can definitely learn the most of it.
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Yeah it’s not true at all. It’s not easy, but it’s like learning an athletic skill, it takes time and practice
@prezentoappr11712 жыл бұрын
Ah finally the sequel
@lodevijk2 жыл бұрын
I'm so glad "a bo'o o' wo'ah" made it into the video
@MauveStingerStings2 жыл бұрын
finally, all I have been waiting for :D
@alanwhite31542 жыл бұрын
Never heard "ðaŋks" in my life. It sounds odd and artificial. I will pay more attention to that word pronunciation from now on. Great overview of the IPA consonants table. "θaŋks" 😀 P.S. the word "thanks" is pronounced millions of times in KZbin videos. Could you find any example of ðaŋks? Youglish allows for a systematic search.
@murph8411 Жыл бұрын
A lot to take in with one sitting and no way I could remember everything. I always struggled before with these charts as without actually hearing the pronunciation you can never know if you’re picking it up correctly.
@polyMATHY_Luke Жыл бұрын
I also often have struggled. Hopefully this video helps a bit
@stewartholiday647111 ай бұрын
I live in Australia and I've never heard someone say the 'th' in 'thanks' as you do.
@polyMATHY_Luke11 ай бұрын
Neat! Actually most people don’t even realize the other type exists until they really start listening. I’ve heard Aussies use it, and in general 5-10% of any group voices it in any Anglophone country, which is just my anecdotal observation and not a hard statistic.
@stewartholiday647111 ай бұрын
@@polyMATHY_Luke But I heard it immediately you said it in your video conclusion, and I'm confidant I would notice it if I heard it elsewhere.
@georgios_53422 жыл бұрын
23:55 WHAT? I would have sworn they were the same! I guess my accent would then easily give away me being native Greek 😅
@prenomnom28122 жыл бұрын
Great video! Really interesting, and helps a lot understanding the IPA. ðank you!
@syrik112 жыл бұрын
Well done! Speaking about a voiced h, it also dissapears between vovels in my dialect of Ukrainian, e.g. saying вза'алі instead of взагалі or то'о instead of того.
@AtomikNY2 жыл бұрын
I used to say [ðẽŋks] but I switched to [θẽŋks] when I realized the vast majority of people said it differently. Some people in my family still say [ðẽŋks] though, and it's inconsistent. My two siblings do not pronounce it the same. Our dialect is intermediate between Canadian and Northeast US varieties.
@polyMATHY_Luke2 жыл бұрын
Cool, thanks for the response!
@juan29102 жыл бұрын
This is a great video as always!
@gloriosatierra Жыл бұрын
Biblia del Oso spells modern "dijo" as "dixo".
@santiagobustos80652 жыл бұрын
This man reads my mind
@popular_dollars2 жыл бұрын
Your [ðæŋks] reminded me i have a fringe variation of my own. I sometimes losen the fricative to an approximate [θ̞æŋks], which practically sounds like "hanks" to laymen.
@biblebot39472 жыл бұрын
So how would you pronounce “Banach”? Especially that sound at the end.
@Cyclonus2377 Жыл бұрын
As usual, молодец! Or to put it another way: Euge! 😊😊😊😊
@SirEdward962 жыл бұрын
Excellent video. Also is there any reason why affricates aren't included in this table?