Rh incompatibility and Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

[@11crystaln]

If 1st Rh+ child develops HDN, it may be due to: 1) Rh- mother having prior history of Rh+ blood transfusion, 2) previous abortion, 3) ruptured ectopic pregnancy Thanks for the great video!

[@swap251]

4) abruptio placenta

[@vaisakh96]

I really like the style of teaching, well explained, simple and not over complicated, funny and easy to follow through, THANK YOU. HAVE HELPED ME ALOT DURING MY MED SCHOOL.

[@aasemahsan]

7:44 Hydrops Fetalis 8:16 Kernicterus 10:28 Coombs test 11:31 Prevention *[RhoGAM]* 14:26 What to do if the mother is already sensitized

[@maureennwozo3379]

I love your videos !!! I'm a PA student and you present the material in a straight forward yet high yield way !!

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

I am so delighted, Maureen! Thank you so much 😊 and good luck 🍀

[@varvaravierovkina7094]

I'm currently preparing for a cellular biology exam in German (which isn't my mothertongue). Although the whole blood type thing etc. has never really given me hard time, I struggled to understand this particular case. Your video solved my problem completely! And schemes as well as pics are really helpful. Thx a lot!

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

You’re very welcome 😊 Good luck 🍀

[@marksiefring7217]

Dear Friend and Educator! I really love your lectures and I am now an avid follower! May I add one footnote difference between the underlying pathophysiology of ABO Sensitization and Rh+/D-Antigen sensitization in an Rh- female. ABO blood groups are based on polysaccharide differences, which will result or have inherent, an overwhelming IgM response which explains the Immediate Immune Hemolysis reaction in ABO mismatched blood, whilst IgM antibodies do not cross the placental barrier. The Rh+/D Antigen is a protein antigen which requires sensitization, prior exposure, and then the production of IgG "memory" antibodies by B-cell activated clonal lines. IgG does cross the placental barrier as it forms the basis of fetal and neonatal, and post-natal pre-formed humoral defense. Thus when the Rh+/D+ protein antigen is exposed in the first pregnancy via delivery with some exposure, or definitely via C-section, then the "memory" IgG antibody will be fully capable to generate and affect future pregnancies whilst preformed ABO igM antibodies against ABO mismatches will be blocked by the placenta barrier.

[@yanbingzhu2550]

This makes perfect sense.

[@sunnyalladi99]

The answer is that she might have had a previous blood transfusion (Rh+ve) or abortion. That's why first child had HDN

[@annerudd860]

I just learned yesterday that I am A-. I am thankful that I have never conceived a child since I would not have known. Thank you for explaining this process!

[@hjf3022]

It's not something to be worried about. Every pregnant woman is tested during the regular antenatal screening process, and you would be given anti D Ig, even regardless of the father's rhesus genotype.

[@Ashk4n.01]

Rh incompatibilty has been hunting me on exams ever since, the video gave a great overview :)

[@MuhammadAli-ml9bt]

VERY CLEARLY EXPLAINED, CONCEPT CLEARED I THINK INFO IN THIS VIDEO WILL BE STUCK IN MIND FOREVER AND EVER, THANKS ALOT MEDICOSIS PERFECTIONALIS WHY OUR MEDICAL COLLEGE PROFESSORS CAN'T EXPLAIN LIKE THIS. THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN SYLLABUS, medicosis perfectionalis is medical college lecture hall

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Thank you 😊

[@TheX7mood]

This was very helpful and funny at the same time, keep it up. ❤️🙏🏻

[@amandaclbn8324]

Medicosis telling me I am stupid is the highlight of my day lol thank you for the clear explanations

[@calscazbaskanapcaz2480]

It's fun, educational and free. What else could it be? Thank you so much!!!

[@melisataner542]

No one: Medicosis:"your testicles will be very tiny but your proffessional trainer at the gym will be proud of you" 😂

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Haha 😂

[@jaidenemanuel2195]

instablaster

[@georgedavis9794]

The mother was previously synthesized using the various methods like blood transfiusion before the pregnancy

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

You’re absolutely correct! Thanks bro!

[@DejaWeja922]

Hi

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Hello!

[@nanyabus.1638]

What if no blood transfusion?

[@drbeenakumari838]

Medicosis Perfectionalis lllll

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

💊 👨‍🏫 Antibiotics Lectures: www.medicosisperfectionalis.com/products/courses/antibiotics/ 💉 📜 My Notes, cases and courses www.medicosisperfectionalis.com/

[@andiudo5329]

This means that if a Rh- mother is infused with Rh+ blood, say, during an accident in her youth (before she ever became pregnant) the first pregnancy will be affected?

[@nabagalasarah3032]

My view is yes

[@aliciabecto2360]

The mother has a pregnancy not completed before or she was infused with rh + before her first pregnancy

[@tomopio1877]

Medicosis is my man always Am still enjoying this video

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Thank you so much!

[@tomopio1877]

@@MedicosisPerfectionalis I love the pathology videos more It made my work easier Thanks. Work well done

[@awaishasaan6290]

Chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis , antepartum hemorrhage or placental trauma can cause EBF in 1st pregnency .

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Excellent

[@awaishasaan6290]

Medicosis Perfectionalis 谢谢 🙏

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

👍

[@ahmedmahmoudibrahim7855]

Ante partum Hemorrhage occur after age of viability 20weeks so no in 1st trimester 😊

[@mianaimaliqbal1788]

@@ahmedmahmoudibrahim7855 no one is talking about 1st trimester doofus

[@nilaykumar6005]

Excellent video, excellent channel, I love your content!! I would like to add a correction to the video. RhoGAM is actually IgG and therefore CAN CROSS the placenta. It prevents the immune reaction in the mother, and that’s why it is helpful, but it can technically cross the placenta and therefore does pose a slight risk of causing hemolytic anemia. Keep up the good work though!!

[@Baharaakbari]

Does is it really cross the placenta in where did you read that can u give me the resources, cuz I read in another that it doesn’t cross , I m confused 😐

[@zahraahaidar3065]

When I am a doctor iwill watch this great video 🇮🇶🇮🇶🤲

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Thank you

[@alanoudahmed8550]

Since we are studying online right now you helped me a lot thanks from KSA 💚💚

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Awesome 👏

[@MedicalEducationFlamingo]

It's a great course. Adorable! Thank you for the efforts.

[@jumailfarook2315]

I like your video so much 😍🖤 From Sri Lanka 🇱🇰🇱🇰

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

You’re welcome 😊

[@nagaranip3267]

1. Rh+ fetal abortion 2. Rh+ blood transfusion 3.Rh+ ectopic pregnancy. 4. Other causes of hydrops fetalis like severe anemia, infections, heart and lung conditions, chromosomal anomalied

[@shefalipatel3880]

Daddy Rh -ve , mommy Rh +ve , period.end of the issue 😂😂that went smooth

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

😂😂

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

😂😂

[@faiyazrain786]

shef patel n what if baby Rh -ve...🧐

[@locadiachagwiza3984]

if she is Rh+ then she wont produce anti-Rh

[@tanisharj8926]

@@locadiachagwiza3984 if mother is rh +ve (+,-) and father is rh +ve (+,-) then baby can be rh -ve

[@duai7090]

I appreciate your drawing skills 😂💛

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Thank you so much 😃

[@violimo]

I was born Dec 8 1946. Perth Western Australia.The second child to an Rh neg mother and Rh pos father. Yes, I got HDN. The doctors gave me a complete blood transfusion exchange with my mother. It was said to have been experimental at the time. I am A Rh neg. I didn't have children.

[@jennifferlujano8717]

Him: If you give mommy antibodies than can pass through the placenta and destroy the baby, you are STUPID. Me: Suscribe, now....

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Haha 😂 Welcome 🙏 Thank you so much 😊

[@mustafaalhamoud9657]

You’re a legend bro ❤️ , thumbs up from KSA 👍

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Thank you so much 😊

[@tfoprincess]

When you said "during labour" my brain automatically said "WAIT NO. The baby is facing the wrong way!" But that's beside the point. Thanks for the video :)

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Hahaha! You are so sharp...Are you a medical student?

[@shabazgujjar8730]

Fjmru

[@areejali9657]

I love your vedios ,,,, I'm Med Lab Technologies your Hematology and Hemostasis vedios gave me lots of information . Thanks Alot,👌👌 keep going ❤

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

My pleasure 😇 Can you please help me by sharing?

[@ibrahimaydin2252]

I really appreciate your works thanks for you and hoping you continue on making such useful courses

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Thank you 🙏 I will!

[@Gr8tgadspy]

You rock! Thank you for taking the time to put this video together for all of us curious minds. Best wishes!

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Thanks for your encouragement!

[@ajanannamalai1443]

but i dont understand why in treatment the artificial anti-D antibodies cannot cross over placenta and cause damage to babies red blood cells

[@salar9652]

Q/A : Causes: Misinterpretation of maternal Rh type Rh positive blood transfusion Unprotected pregnancy & labour Inadequate dose Anti D on previous occasions

[@سارةطارق-م2ي]

u are perfect please make more about blood banking please

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

I will add it to my list!

[@vdoubleu-o4u]

I actually got to see a in utero transfusion unit prepared when I was doing my blood bank rotation.

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Wow 😳

[@chhassnainhassnain3733]

@@MedicosisPerfectionalis i m O rh negative girl.can i marry B postive boy.is there any problem in pregnancy.i'm scared.plz help me.i dnt want any misscarrige

[@shahabali1136]

very nice

[@laurasuarez2860]

This was so good 🤓

[@farahkhan7718]

Thank u it's just amazing ❤️ love you... please make more..

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Sure

[@ajanannamalai1443]

but i dont understand why in treatment the artificial anti-D antibodies cannot cross over placenta and cause damage to babies red blood cells

[@mariamarinaki6432]

Congratulation!!

[@yanbingzhu2550]

hi Medicosis, @ 7:00, you said that UCB through macrophages can be converted to CB. Why did 8:16 slide show that there is still UCB in the blood?

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Because of its sheer amount!

[@yanbingzhu2550]

@@MedicosisPerfectionalis Do you mean there is a very large amount of UCB. it cannot be all conjugated through the macrophages?

[@zineeeb9176]

Thanks ☁️ ☀️

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

My pleasure 😇

[@nammi895]

Me a computer science graduate watching this for selecting my future wife 😶‍🌫️😶

[@aps9392]

What a joke

[@shalomchika5004]

💀💀💀

[@AmjadAlshehri-xx5vt]

🤗😵😵😵

[@johnolive9477]

Great video. Thanks!

[@review0611]

Your diagram and drawing is well it can help in better understanding🙂

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Thank you 🙏

[@rayayalmaz9403]

Normally we use indirect coombs test in the mum's serum cause it will be consumed in the foetal blood

[@xDomglmao]

Question: Hemoglobin = globin + heme; won't heme be broken down into Fe3+ and biliverdin (via hemoxygenase) and later bilirubin? I keep seeing in some sources protoporphyrin but really don't understand the relation between protoporphyrin and biliverdin/ bilirubin...answer much appreciated! EDIT: 14:11 How does Rhogam exactly prevent formation of proper anti-D-AB? Seems to be a kind of negative feedback, do you know something else about this? EDIT: 15:58 If it is true that anti-D-AB are destroyed after a few weeks, why can't then anyone just get Rh+ blood?

[@Pema604]

May be because the mother had undergone such diagnostic procedure in which there as transfer of each other's blood eq amniocentesis ..or any invasive investigation ...early membrane rupture

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Yes! You got it! Superb!

[@Pema604]

Tq

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Is this short for “Thank you”?

[@Pema604]

Medicosis Perfectionalis yes hehe

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Haha! Sorry, I am old school 😂😂

[@rayyanhamid1023]

😍 I really enjoyed the video it's amazing how you make it so simple keep the good work👍❤️

[@rayyanhamid1023]

If the mother have already anti Rh igG from blood transfusion

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Thank you so much for your encouraging words!

[@مسكالختاممحمد]

Thank you so much 💛

[@tahiransari3917]

Very helpful lecture for pg

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Great 👍

[@crisantatadeo9420]

Answer: The mother has been sensitized before she became pregnant. She was sensitized probably because of previous blood transfusion of Rh + blood.

[@emtenana5953]

Thank you for great explanation 💕❤️💕

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

You’re welcome

[@غسقالتميمي-ي7ق]

Thanks 😊

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

My pleasure 😇

[@fatumafatuma4077]

in Kenya never heard of transfusing foetus blood indeed that's so crazy wow

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Yeah! I’ve never personally seen it performed in Egypt either! Thank you so much for watching my videos! I appreciate you a lot!

[@fatumafatuma4077]

@@MedicosisPerfectionalis your videos speak for them self’s man thanks too So much it really helps

[@madhukardeshpande563]

Fine lectures

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Thanks 🙏

[@madhukardeshpande563]

Nice 👍 explanation,thanks

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

You’re always welcome 🙏

[@ankitapatel4893]

thank you..sir. 😊👍👌

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Absolutely 😃

[@lilmamasofly9111]

This video was so helpful thank you. I have a question how does the mother become sensitized without the RhoGAM please, thank you!

[@smol_chilli_pepper]

Which blood products are used in exchange transfusion when in utero and after delivery?

[@saidnassr9963]

Answer: 1) Prior Rh+ blood transfusion to the mother before she got pregnant, 2) If she was an IV drug abuser, 3) The grandmother theory, 4) Previous ruptured ectopic pregnancy, 5) Previous abortion, 6) Abruptio placentae.

[@yarakitty2738]

Thank a million!

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

My pleasure 😇

[@Nurse.ifeoma]

thank you

[@Frugal_Not_Cheap]

You are awesome!

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Thank you 😊

[@prmanct89]

Perhaps the mother had an infection (congenital), like syphyllis or parvovirus. These conditions can lead to erythroblastic fetalis.

[@nunkiutomo2379]

So will the baby have polychromatic erythrocytes or microcytic erythrocytes?

[@mensahrichard4123]

I’m pregnant and rh- having my second born, is it compulsory to have the anti-D injection? Even if my husband is rh+

[@satyamkalaskar6232]

Ans of last ques is- GRANDMOTHER THEORY. i,e. Mother is is sensitised by her mother which is rh +ve in utero. Or may be by blood transfusions

[@photon77]

It can be due to 1. Mismatch blood transfusion 2. baby maternal grandmother was rh positive 3. Previous Abortion, ectopic pregnancy

[@llso-lovelightsoundoneness1606]

Your work is excellent and appreciated! I'm writing this comment because I have a question that I need cleared up to reduce the stress between myself and my sister and possibly reunite us as sisters. The problem is that when my mother was pregnant with her she had the amniocentesis done due to the Rh negative issue now as far as I know she didn't have that problem with me right because I'm alive and and I also know all I do know is that I'm not Rh negative. so the question is my sister and I were talking and she said that she was the one that was rh - but my mom wasn't so can it be reversed like can it be an either way they would require the Doctors Care amniocentesis and such I wear the child in the womb is Rh negative and the mother's RH positive? and due to a head injury that I had in 09 and so few little issues I have with my memory and putting my words together good these days I just want to try this one more time if you don't mind to be clear. okay the question is could it have been that my sister was the Rh negative blood and my mother was the RH positive blood or would it be my mother had to be Rh negative because that's the debate is my sister said no I have already negative blood Mama wasn't always negative and I just wasn't sure and I figured that she must be right because I'm not Rh negative and I was born first I'm actually 15 years older than my sister. my mother had a lot of lost pregnancies and I just seems like my family told us that my mom was already negative so I'm just confused and I just wanted to know at least was it possible for it to be the other way around and I do apologize for such a long message for such a clear one question it's me and my issues so sorry! Thank you so much! Much Love 😍🥰!

[@llso-lovelightsoundoneness1606]

Being 1st baby I was ok. So I was the birth that sensitized my Mother? So in between me and my sister my Mom's blood was developing sensitivity to the Rh+ blood?

[@llso-lovelightsoundoneness1606]

You answered the sensitivity que8for me I am watching for either 4th or 5th time! Still gaining understanding too your work is like magic! XO

[@limsimyee]

"You testicle will be very tiny but your trainer will be very proud of you." HAHHAHAH

[@Apratim98]

How IgG antibodies cause aggluntination? They are monomeric....dont they cause opsonization rather?

[@Capybaraism]

Wait, what if the woman is O+ and the husband is AB-? What happens?

[@anjumhussaini8293]

Ty ty 😊 👍👌👌👌

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

You are very welcome 😃

[@7ulliana]

LMAOOO i now like my anatomy and physiology class because of this channel

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Thank you ☺️

[@sismarienoemitavarezmercad5348]

Is the RhGAM antibody IgM? Since it will not pass placenta

[@hayderal-muhana2078]

It is on you …this is the right

[@ayeshahashmi1486]

If uncojugated bilirubin was being converted into conjugated bilirubin as you explained in the pathogenesis then why will the baby have kernicterus?

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Great question...First, define kernicterus.

[@rohansonus6243]

😂😂😂

[@georgiafotiou8287]

Can it be because the mother was pregnant but had an abortion? (with an Rh +ve fetus? )

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Yes, of course! You got it!

[@dahis6763]

If mother Rh+ and baby Rh- hemolysis will occur to baby?

[@NansLux]

Thank you for this great explanation. There is 1 issue that wasn’t addressed though, if you could please help me with an answer: what if, the mother had her first child, and all went well. She’s trying for a second child but was just told that she was positive for an antibody that could potentially affect any future pregnancy. Kell antibodies positive. She’s not pregnant yet, what should she do? Is in vitro her only option if her husband’s blood test result are + for that antigen, instead of negative? Thank you so much for any further explanation on this specific situation. N

[@taraakins8273]

If the mother has the anti D in her blood from other rh pos pregnancies then her body will attack a rhesus positive embryo. There's nothing I know of that she can do at this point other than have science step in and have a neg embryo if affordable and if father is( -,+) which is possible. They can also just keep trying but risk miscarriages and birth defects if the embryo is positive. . They have a medicine (Rhogam) a mother can have injected soon after birth of pos or loss of one. I think it's within 72 hours.

[@falahhassan6610]

Good thanks

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

You’re welcome 😊

[@improvingenglishtogether4781]

Can mother give her milk to baby after delivery ? When baby is Rh is positive?

[@doctoratiq]

why not to give rhogam in a sensitized mother . does it not have a capacity to neutrzalised these antibodies

[@alinawani2507]

Your biggest fan🌈🌈🌈

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Thank you so much!

[@اميرالعوبثاني]

The answer for the question is she has had a blood transfusion with Rh positive blood

[@Toylicious]

I got rhogam 5yrs back after an evacuation following miscarriage but now having weak rbc antibodies at 28weeks.Did i get sensitized during this or previous pregnancy.

[@yusrazz]

I was also weak sensitised at my 28 weeks got two shots of rhogam and my baby delivered with severe juandice at birth. He got blood transfusion at his 4th day and caught sepsis plus multi organ damage instead. Unfortunately he passed away but I have been sensitised now and I seriously worried about the future now

[@ellieoberstein4172]

RhoGAM is an IgG antibody, so surely it can cross to the placenta, no?

[@musallamlama84]

True, then how?

[@vitorserafim3982]

Does Rh incompatibility happens in an Rh+ mother and an Rh- baby?

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

No!

[@juanm6682]

Fetal-maternal hemorrhage (abdominal trauma)

[@happyvibes4054]

Mother is a+ve and father is b+ve... There is any chance for - ve group child?

[@sanatehmi711]

gud lecture

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Thanks 🙏

[@raqui174]

Is rhogam given in the first pregnancy or the second? I’m a bit confused. The mother can’t be sensitized meaning no exposure yet so would that be on the first pregnancy?

[@bolanleade6479]

It would be given in the first pregnancy if the mum is rheus neg

[@amandarios448]

Its like contraceptives, u get the hormones so you don't produce it on your own. Just watch the video he puts it very clearly

[@CrystalRicotta]

I am O - and received the shot for my first baby. She developed jaundice first week - was this related ?

[@donnasmalley3713]

I had numerous miscarriages. Could I have bern sensitized because as children my sister and I played a game called blood brothers where we cut ourselves and touched our blood together? I am RH-

[@marygracearciga2220]

I'm a negative 💔

[@brookemichano8385]

You're wrong about the first born being fine. I miscarried my first pregnancy and that's how I found out my blood type. I was given rogham but the dr told me it probably wouldn't save the baby but it would save my next. What does sensitized mean? And is rh- also the same as the golden blood?

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Sensitized means exposed to the antigen before...The first pregnancy may be affected if the mother has been exposed to the antigen before (e.g. a blood transfusion,...etc). Also, I am so sorry to hear that! I wish you the best!

[@LostInAntietam]

I have an important question. If the woman is rh - and the guy is rh+ and as she is pregnant and gets the shot to prevent damaging the baby, would the shot affect the baby to make it sterile(not be able to reproduce)? I heard that this is the case but I do know if it is true, and if so, does it happen 100%of the time?

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

No, I’ve never heard of that. Do you have any scientific study that I can refer to? Also, please talk to your doctor.

[@venkatreddythupally3797]

Medicosis Perfectionalis : #1.Rh -ve mom gave birth to Rh +ve baby and no roGham shot during pragnency. #2. Mom gave birth to second baby and baby is rh -ve, Mom might be already sensitized,but no effect to 2nd baby as baby is Rh-ve #3Mom gave birth to 3rd baby and baby is+ve. And got effected (HDN Effect, brain effected) Now tell me whether 2nd baby has sensitized blood or not ? as mother is already sensitised??

[@isaacmtonga375]

What would happen if an Rh+ mother was pregnant with an Rh- baby. Would the baby develop the anti D antibodies by the time they are born? And if so, when the baby who we assume is a female grows up and gets pregnant with their first child being Rh+ would it immediately cause Erythroblastosis fetalis for her first child?

[@ainembabaziasinah7217]

Hello! I am married with one kid but I have the same issue of blood group, l am Rh A- and my husband is Rh A+ and IAM pregnant for a second born it's now 19weeks but I haven't done anything. The question is what do I have to do and when to do it?........ please inform me before anything happens.

[@beautifulada2477]

Can Rhogam work in already sensitized mums?

[@shabazgujjar8730]

Vndmjc Jdjjvmf

[@Koddyroy]

What if the mummy is ( Rh+ ve) and the daddy is also an (Rh+ ve) what will the baby be?...

[@MedicosisPerfectionalis]

Rh +ve

[@Koddyroy]

@@MedicosisPerfectionalis So if I'm (O) Rh+ what will I do?...