Things You Thought You Knew - Worldlines, Rainbows, & Zero

[@StarTalk]

What do you think is our best method of deflecting asteroids?

[@PhysicsHonors]

slow it down

[@PhysicsHonors]

Would it be called a world line intersection anyway if our locations do not match? Its just our thoughts and ideas that can be exchanged through video calls we still can't exchange physical matter.

[@eggspanda2475]

kung fu

[@Johnboy33545]

@@PhysicsHonors: Yet. It's being worked on.

[@ayoubhadjslama2711]

Nukes

[@SamayRainaOfficial]

Neil and Chuck forever ❤️

[@Mikey.M.V.P.1]

And for all of space & time

[@gtbkts]

❤🎉

[@Eldavis1086]

Of the two, Chuck is the real genius. No offense Neil D Tyson, I love you man, but chuck is on a totally different level.

[@sufiyanahmed634]

never knew someone like chuck can make science so much better

[@tatiabichoo3181]

Samay Raina...Tera kya kehna ..

[@lordlatt535]

Not often you can laugh and learn at the same time. This show is 🔥

[@FrancisDomacasse]

Agreed! 🔥

[@mihailmilev9909]

81 2 2

[@mihailmilev9909]

​@ConontheBinariannice lol

[@mihailmilev9909]

​@ConontheBinarianwhat funny things did he say?

[@mihailmilev9909]

81st like

[@ericcharles8081]

I absolutely love these two as soon as I saw them both I knew this was going to be an even better episode of this amazing show

[@gtbkts]

I think that's when it picked up.

[@robwest6231]

Neil just explained space time in such a way that it makes complete sense. Never quite grasped it before. 👏

[@techn1kal1ty]

I love the episode with just you two. Always my favorite guests!

[@carolwatkins8541]

These 2. The dynamic duo. I love it❤

[@topherj.kutsumann5420]

I live in Hawaii and double rainbows are common but never noticed the color order was reversed. Couple of things that always blew my mind was that rainbows are full circles viewed from high up and that you can’t see them from the other side. They’re always directly opposite of the sun. I assume also that the hollow part of the rainbow is filled with ultra violet and infra red colors. Am I right about that?

[@focusinc4266]

I was thinking the same thing. I've seen at least 50 in my life...either rain or sprinklers....but never noticed

[@honeyleilloyd4373]

I live in Hawaii also. Your comment was EXTREMELY exciting & informative to me. Short story: in the 1990's I met a woman from New York and she said to me, "I thought that rainbows were only in fairy tails ". The look on her face and the delight in her voice will NEVER be forgotten to me !!!!

[@edbruder9975]

The hollow part would be UV, the outer edge Infra red.

[@buzbuz33-99]

As a pilot, I have seen many rainbows from the air. Because they are always opposite to the sun, when the sun is high up, they are generally circular. But pretty interesting to think that everyone is seeing a different rainbow because a rainbow is not an object, but is like a mirage.

[@BobbyBlue137]

@@edbruder9975 You also must consider absorption and scattering. Water absorbs most of the IR and UV. If the water droplets are small enough (cloud) even visible light is scattered (appearing white).

[@draysanatomy]

That Dr. MLK Jr speech was hilarious 😂😂😂😂

[@tamarjaffe7142]

There is always awe and wonder in the beauty of a rainbow even if it is completely explained by physics. Explanations don't delete an aesthetic experience. We understand sunsets too but that doesn't diminish their beauty either.

[@jaymiller2268]

Omg the white light Dr. King joke REALLY cracked me up. Great stuff, Chuck.

[@danielwest2186]

You two have such a great relationship. For anyone to learn and understand their teacher must be very wise just like Neil and Chuck who actively are interested in the subject and factually are learning things from each other. This is a process that cannot be taught in the usual way we are taught to be either a teacher or a student but never both at the same time in the process of learning. The teacher that is not learning as they teach is not teaching, and the student that is not participating in the process with interest is not really learning.. Memorizing is not the only way to learn.

[@kenkurogue101]

You forgot to blow Chuck's mind by letting him know that all rainbows are actually full circles, we just can't see it because it's below our horizon so underground. But if you saw a rainbow while in flight in a plane or from a high tower you could see the full circle ring.

[@Kat-qg3oy]

I love listening to you. Update your data: The first recorded zero appeared in Mesopotamia around 3 B.C. The Mayans invented it independently circa 4 A.D. it was later devised in India in the mid-fifth …

[@claudiaortiz5043]

Looking for this, thanks for posting it.

[@Darkwind28]

Noooo @StarTalk dissing on the Double Rainbow Man! Hear me out - He wasn't dismissing the science of rainbows, he was simply marveling in awe at what must have been an incredible display of colour, not to mention amped up in intensity by the psylocybin he'd ingested, bringing him to a state of bliss and amazement at what he perceived to be a natural wonder, all there for himself! It's easy to imagine the words "oh my god", regardless of your belief system (or lack thereof) to just roll off one's tongue in such a moment. His behaviour wasn't caused by an ignorance of physics behind the phenomenon (I'm sure he'd be thrilled to hear all about how it works), but by the sheer amazement at what he was perceiving at the moment. Give the man some slack! He was a beacon of positive thought and an important lesson in just how awesome nature can be (rainbows AND mushrooms!); physics, biology and pharmacology coming together in that one place in space and time, in an immortal ode to the natural world, later preserved as a meme for all of us to enjoy, serving as a reminder of just how cool this planet is. Let us not ridicule the double rainbow dude, but rather join him in marveling at how dope the natural world is :D What do you say, dr Neil? Regrettably, if I'm not mistaken the double rainbow man has passed away a couple years back (covid did him in), but he will live forever in our figurative hearts. Cheers!

[@madeincda]

I love StarTalk. And I love this duo. But if you want a great video on rainbows, look up Walter Lewin's lecture. A former professor at MIT. Simply amazing.

[@michael-4k4000]

I knew Walter may he rest in peace

[@KRAMPUS_420]

Here is my best rainbow story. I've seen countless double and even a few triple rainbows, but this next one blew my mind. I was with my girlfriend at the time and we were having a picnic next to an old fire watchtower. It was drizzling so we were in the car. Through the windshield and a little below us we saw some color. We got out of the car and we were looking down on a perfectly circular rainbow. It was almost as if it was hovering just about the trees at the bottom of the valley we were overlooking. That is the one and only time I have ever seen one. My dad said he saw the same sort of thing many years earlier. Still gives me goosebumps, no mushrooms needed, just add weed.

[@BaconNinjaFPV]

I love this one!!! I will say, although zoom calls change the requirements for spatial coordination with a simultaneous timeline, it doesn't really negate the need for it. You still have to be in a place or situation which allows you to exist near a device to attend the call, and the other end needs the same. If anything it requires two related spacial coordinates to intersect the timeline correctly. I would also say that our ability to capture photons on a wafer of silicon and reproduce them at will is so much closer to the existence of a time machine than we could ever know! :)

[@Moondymon23]

Love this, and love that you somehow managed to line up your commercial breaks with a heads up, rather than allowing ads to interrupt mid-word or mid-sentence. It can be done!!!

[@rjampiolo32]

THE easiest to-understand explanation of space-time I've heard, thanks, Dr. Tyson.

[@jaimes5716]

This channel has done so much for so many people

[@mags102755]

Love you guys. When I was attempting to learn math, "zero" was always referred to as a placeholder.

[@rjsmith6698]

I agree with what Neil was saying about the term “call on”, or “calling”. As a kid in the early 60’s we never knocked on doors in our neighbourhood. That was for adults. When us kids called on each other, we just stood outside the door and yelled, “call Jim”, or whoever. That way the adults didn’t have to leave what they were doing, just to get the door for their kid. I’m sure it must have been that way all through the past, especially in smaller communities.

[@dsnitely]

Silly Chuck doing MLK impersonation about white light was great 😂

[@jonc4719]

Now I am simply amazed at the fableists brilliances that came thought up with the pot o' gold under a rainbow stories. Untwisting truths and knowledges of ancient wordsmiths is alarmingly entertaining, and yet leaving them in the hazes of mysterious prisms is thought provoking stuff, so thanks guys.

[@bluekryptonite22]

I think it's still beautiful to be in awe of and to wonder at ...even things we "already understand."

[@DutchGasMonkey]

Perfect timing! Thanks, was just scrolling your page for a good video! 😁

[@theultimatejoker1]

Neil and Chuck are so much fun❤

[@samrat4145]

Neil always makes sure that he leaves our minds baffled. I'm always left thinking about it and talking about it to my friends for hours! My favorite physics teacher! ❤

[@kariannecrysler640]

13:48 I really like this. The universe is big enough to be endlessly learning new things about it. A cherished aspect of my existence 💯🤭

[@codyknotts2964]

Thanks!

[@brandyphillips4336]

I love these explainer videos. Love you Neil and Chuck!!!! Neil you seriously challenge us and teach us to truly think about things through the lens of science

[@flammablewater1755]

In all the explanations of quantum mechanics and astrophysics, I have never seen Chuck look more confused and fascinated than when Neil is explaining rainbows.

[@pranay1joshi]

Btw, this was great, connecting zoom to Einstein and how Asteroid can be prevented from striking Earth it's great, Mr Niel, you are very good story teller ❤❤❤ love it

[@fraliexb]

39:40 Chuck knowing what to do and doing it are two totally different things.

[@Pharoah1224]

Love you guys, but! Medusa tale never says she turns you to stone. It says men turn to stone when they meet her gaze. Interesting distinction and par for the course of a STUNNING BEAUTY.

[@travailier]

12 YEARS?! Startalk has been going on for 12 years already?! 🤯 Here I thought it was fairly recent since it was begun... was thinking it might have started during the covid pandemic.

[@ruoiealpaeiout2103]

In the beginning there was nothing, and God made Something,... ... ... ....... .........🤣🤣🤣... .... .....😜🤪😜🤪... ..... ......Out of the Rib of Nothing... .... .....but before he did it ,...🤣😂🤣😂😅😅 He flipped his No. 2 pencil upside down an erased ALMOST ALL OF LILITH!!!!!!!!! 😂🤣😂🤣 and waited on a soul sister to bless Lilith with her Modus Operandi, ... .... PEACHES!!!!!!!😭🤣😭🤣😭🤣😂😭🤣😂😂😭😭🤣😂

[@travailier]

@@ConontheBinarian Something else I didn't know. Thank you.

[@jaymenezes180]

You guys are simply amazing. Thanks guys.

[@Mr12Relic]

34:00 "A time machine can only work if it's a space-time machine" Whovians: uh huh

[@martinschoberRocks]

Thanks to you guys - I was wondering about seeing double rainbows and you gave the explanation - perfectly reasonalbe, great 🙂

[@alejandroarroyodeanda4192]

That´s the way they have to roll. Neil is the knowledge, and Chuck is the addictive substance.

[@nim9971]

I personaly think that being able to comunicate with other people, while being at the same place and not the same time, by writing something down or recording something, is more impressive than comunicating while not being at the same place. We have always been able to comunicate over some distance in space, by talking, the ability to comunicate over space distance is something we and many other animals are born with, we have just learned to tecnologicaly increase the distance. Being able to comunicate over a distance in time is something that we were only able to achieve with our minds and our problem solving abilitys.

[@detectivehowardb7]

I gave this video a thumbs up before I even watched it. I have seen enough of your videos to know i will like it without even watching it. well done to all.

[@dorothyedwards7225]

OMG's I remember this years ago on "How the universe works"-"Mystery of Spacetime"!!!! So fascinating, all of this!!! Thank You All!! Thank You Universe!!!!💓💫🌌😏🥰😌

[@wizardofki]

Zoom really doesn't "break" the space-time continum because light and/or electricity has to travel those distances to carry the signal for the video meeting. Having said that, the satilites that GPS rely on have to update their location using General Relativity or else their synchronization will be off and hence the location they are displaying.

[@DanceBeforeTheStorm_]

I enjoyed this very much even though I knew most of the stuff. You two make it worth learning again. Thank you ❤

[@ScrubDusters]

I love chucks gag with Neil about “ruining” the wonderment of things in nature by being taught what is the psychics of what is actually happening instead of what we “feel” in our senses

[@patlopez2093]

You two are a real treasure! Thank you!

[@phizicks]

4:25 omg that put me in tears, that was gold!..

[@alger8181]

Why does a rainbow, seen from an airplane, look inverted? It was one of the most incredible things i've seen. I did take pictures. Just wow.

[@CraigFlowersMusic]

Correction: a "year zero" isn't possible. Year 1BC was over, then year 1AD began. Derr.

[@BradReddekopp]

There's at least one more use of Roman numerals. When writing the names of chemical compounds and the metal in the compound has more more than one valence, you can use a roman numeral to indicate which version of the metal it is. For example Iron can have a valence of 2 or 3. The chemical formula for iron oxide is Fe2O3 (pretend the 2 and 3 are subscript) so we know that the iron there has a valence of 3 which means the compound could be written as iron III oxide.

[@amc6090]

I feel like the zoom example doesn’t make much sense. Wouldn’t zoom itself be the “space”? Maybe not physical but it’s still the meeting point in virtual space. Otherwise how do we decide what the internet is?

[@johntumpkin3924]

This discussion of the rainbow is so cool and informative!

[@jeffjo8732]

6:38 "So sunlight enters the Raindrop at a particular angle; all right, actually comes in at all angles but only one of those angles will internally reflect off the boundary between the Raindrop and the air." Neil corrected his first mistake here ("sunlight enters the Raindrop at a particular angle"), but there is another. All of the light that enters will partially reflect in a beam of light directed back at the sun. Much like the beam of a wide flashlight. But here "dispersion" does not mean the colors separate, like from a prism. It means that the beam has a different width for each color, and is concentrated in the outer 0.5° of this beam. Red is about 42.1° wide, Green is about 41.4° wide, and Violet is about 40.1° wide. But only Red is reflected at 42.1°, so we see red. Red, Orange, Yellow, and Green are reflected at 41.4°, but Green is the most concentrated. So we see a shade of Green that is paler than the Green from a prism. All colors are reflected at 40.1°, but Violet is most concentrated. So we see a very pale violet. And inside 40°, we see white all the way to the horizon.This is why the sky inside a rainbow is brighter than it is outside. 11:58 "The second rainbow that comes out had an extra extra reflection to it. If you ever see a double rainbow ... , it's much dimmer and the sequence of colors is reversed. ... It is an inverted rainbow." Neil's third and fourth mistake (well, almost the same one). Reflections don't reverse images. If you want to look at Friend's face, Friend has to turn 180° to face you. So it is Friend's face itself that is inverted, not the light from it. If Friend turned the normal way, horizontally, you see her right side on your left. But if Friend is standing on her head, her right is on your right, but her up is your down. Mirrors look wrong because they fail to make this inversion. The reason the double rainbow's colors appear in the opposite order, is because the "flashlight beam" is 130° wide but aimed away from the sun. Since this is more than 90°, the beam wraps around the top of the sky and you see it about 10° outside the primary rainbow. Red is still on the "outside," or wider part of the rainbow, but that is "down."

[@mut8inG]

In the late 1980s, while walking in the hills of Carson City, Nevada, after a sprinkling of rain, I walked upon the end of a rainbow that shown brightly at my feet. I was fully awake, not on any kind of drug. This was not an hallucination, and I’m a fully sane human. peace+&-💥🎶🌸

[@sekaramochi1944]

Please please please never stop ❤

[@markiefufu]

The MLK Jr/Prism part is the funniest thing I've heard in a long time. Chuck and Neil are absolutely the best!

[@zoltanaurelhorvath2854]

I was just about to go to sleep because i'll go on a holiday tomorrow and i need to wake up 5 hours later, but you guys had to upload it now and I cant put it down, Please send help, im addicted to science

[@DanceBeforeTheStorm_]

Now you have stuff to talk about during traveling 😊

[@tristonshelley96]

top 5 podcasts for sure i love these guys

[@maggnar]

Collectable episode, specially because the "zero" theme. Certainly the concept of zero was constructed through time from the Babylonians. The Mayan could developed the concep later simultaneously and independently much later. Keep on mind that when Columbus discovered the new world, Europe already had highly levels of mathematics that are evident before the Reinasance period and help to navigate the planet.

[@jimbstars]

10:55 “wanted to go to the base of the rainbow” …. There was one time we were looking at a rainbow in the sky, but just up the street the sun and mist were such that the end of the rainbow extended down to the street and you could just walk up to it like it was a garden hose misting a rainbow. Just a really good and rare set of events.

[@EchoesDistant]

The space time relation on Zoom still works because the "where" is simply Zoom itself. For example: "The meeting is at 2pm on Zoom." So you have a time and a place. And Zoom itself is just a portal into virtual space where you are converted to 1's and 0's and transported to the local screens of the other Zoom participants, and theirs to yours. So, while everyone is in a different physical space and we are limited in how fast we can travel as physical beings with mass, our 1's and 0's have no mass and thus can move at the speed of light, enabling real time audio/visual communication over long distances*. *Long distances in terms of distances on Earth. Beyond Earth the delays of the speed of light become more and more noticeable. Between Earth and the Moon the delay of back and fourth communication is around 2.5 seconds depending on distances of relative orbits. Between Earth and Mars that delay is between 5 and 20 minutes! Past the moon, real time communications are technically impossible.

[@boblong7686]

Love it!! Thanks guys!

[@HlkBrilliantshps]

This is the best opening ever. Ty for such content. Love from India

[@bigdata_ibm]

Technically, if I take a picture of the rainbow and show it to you, we would have both seen the same rainbow

[@alexisgs8800]

These days, even the "rainbow people" (lgbtqiawazpqrtsugvehjzbsffhscdghdhhsbhdjsjsndhjdjgegegdgdy) don't all see the same rainbow.

[@johnnelson63]

Nope, a picture of a rainbow isn't a rainbow, as Magritte said about a pipe

[@ronmcguire9045]

Chuck really got me with “Al Green” and I feel like Neil missed it 🤣

[@Desaved]

I will look for Chuck's new show!

[@jayjay-gl4fj]

That video was awesome!!! Thank you.

[@HawthorneHillNaturePreserve]

Neil just commented about coordinates. He mentioned that two people can’t meet up unless there’s a spatial coordinate and a time coordinate that’s designated otherwise you can’t meet. Does this have something to do with the measurement problem? We call it decoherence, but is it possible that we can’t meet up with a particle unless we measure it giving it coordinates so that it knows where to be present as a particle?

[@willfranklyn2]

Would love a deep dive on LK-99, its potential uses and the process to verify the validity!

[@terrizittritsch745]

Another wonderful show.. started strong and ended strong.

[@chuckpatterson6917]

I luv this exchange of words...the problem I have with this is that I actually happened on where a rainbow either started or ended. It was on the edge of a Creek and manifested from the deep grass almost right against that Creek. I even saw it from several kilometers away while driving and ended up stopping & actually SEEING the colors even in that grass and I could see the ascending part of that rainbow stretch over the sky before bending back towards Earth....that part, of course, I couldn't observe from my stand point. It was about one of the most amazing things I'd ever seen and yet not dramatic nor life changing in any way.

[@LeeAnneGuerin]

Did you find a pot of gold? 💰🌈

[@BlackSpiders75]

This is the best show I have ever seen here.

[@ThomasHaydenDJ]

This channel is my happy place 😌

[@bertomeeggo]

neil, very nice! also at 17:08 one missed use of roman numerals was horology design...chuck would probably have a field day with that one =o)

[@gamerom9136]

Fascinating Video!

[@abhisheksahu-hx9cm]

The discovery of zero: Zero had been used as a placeholder number since before Aryabhatta and Brahmagupta and more around the world. Aryabhatta is credited with using zero in the decimal system, while Brahmagupta is credited for operations like subtraction associated with zero. As we know, Aryabhatta predated Brahmagupta. Therefore it is said that Aryabhatta found zero.🇮🇳

[@reptoid3866]

@4:59 "oh you aint getting there all right!" man i did NOT expect that line of conversation,lmao.

[@lordlatt535]

Man I love this show

[@Pickup_Selector]

My favorite cast. Love you guys!

[@VicCarnage]

Nobody cracks Neil up harder than Chuck 😂😂😂

[@-AdamTheGreat-]

The part that blew my mind. Finding out that chuck’s background is not his actual living room, but a background!!! All this time, I thought it was his living room.

[@rheffner3]

Once again, you two are the best.

[@Utubeiswack]

I love my mother saying when she saw a double rainbow " oh look, that rainbow is casting it's shadow" 😊 miss you mama.

[@asan1050]

Neil and Chuck, Thanks Much !.......

[@viralnorn9173]

I did a speech on the scientific nature of rainbows in college. This is awesome!

[@busterthemutt8224]

I'v seen more double rainbows more than not over the years, which I think just accounts to their being a lot of corn fields where I am or just really good vision as 50% of the time the person I'm with cant see it due to it being too faint, but once I saw a triple one, which it was kind of weird. The 1st rainbow was bold, the 2nd was fairly opaque and was barely there, but the 3rd one was clearly there too even though the 2nd wasn't as prominent as I'v seen when only seeing a double rainbow.

[@honeyleilloyd4373]

I've seen double rainbows but never a triple rainbow. You were truly blessed that day !!!!

[@f3mm453]

no matter what they say...ill always love your work till the end of spacetime and beyond ♥

[@bhavyakjain]

Regarding time machine: Not only Earth moves around Sun, the Sun moves around the galaxy centre and even the galaxy moves around in space. So any time traveller will have plenty of calculations to do for the space coordinates. To me, it seems highly improbable. Maybe that's why we haven't been able to see any time travellers yet.

[@Lily-sk2vq]

Very interesting. Love you Neil. ❤

[@mickeylodeon18]

Everytime i watched these episodes, i always clap inside my mind at the end of the show. Always gets me mind blown!

[@elliotrawlins67]

"reserve your wonder for things we don't know" - Neil Degrass Tyson.. truly wise words

[@brucequalters2153]

apologies for getting excited and commenting a bit much. I love your videos and the thought provoking content. the final segment sis bring intriguing ideas if applying the aspect of space time could be relevant to interpersonal interactions on a level of purely communication. such as agreement or disagreement on a subject. i potential relevance.

[@drdanimalsize]

Dr Chuck L King Jr is my new favorite persona.

[@rrr215gt]

Well picked and collected ❤️

[@mariosstylianou9616]

my favorite show, you are the best. I think space somehow still needed for all the information pass through. Or am wrong? Just thinking 😊

[@matejjustinic8061]

if i understood correctly, neil said that when time machine is used, you would be in a different place but in the same orbit of the earth, but if the galaxy is also moving wouldnt you be in a different place in the galaxy? and my main question is, if you went so far back or forward in time, that you go out of the galaxy, would you be in the same place in the universe, and is there a place that is not moving/expanding (like a middle point) so you can "measure" the coordinates you are in?

[@donaldsmith8648]

Chuck is fracking hilarious 🤣

[@StarSong936]

Rainbows - When I was a child, I was walking home once, and saw a rainbow in front of me. As I walked along the road, I noticed that the rainbow always kept the same distance from me, until the rain went away and it disappeared. Side note: I was on the road for a while as it was 6 miles from the school I attended and the house.