Units, Speed, & Sense of Scale

I explain what the units are that we use for Mario's position as well as how speed works. I also present several examples to give a sense of scale.

[@anueutsuho7425]

"I can run fast" "How fast?" "31.5" "31.5 what?" "Speed."

[@kruje314]

more like pi

[@official-obama]

@@kruje314 pi*10

[@bobstayoffthegrass8772]

With the assumption that Mario is 155cm tall based on the life-sized Mario statue that stands at that height, I found that one unit is 0.96273291925 centimeters. Long story short, using the speeds provided, I found that Mario's running speed is about 20.34 miles per hour. Bruh I know Usain Bolt can go faster than that, but that's still pretty fast, especially considering that Mario can actually corner at that speed, which I doubt Bolt can do.

[@bobstayoffthegrass8772]

swhawk Well, they are all contained in paintings. It does raise the question of whether these levels are just areas on Mario's planet that the paintings take him to, or that they are their own pocket dimensions that Bowser created with the Power Stars. One Wiggler does note that the world in Tall Tall mountain does contain real stars for him to look at. All the answer to this question would really accomplish, though, is establishing just how powerful the Power Stars truly are, which is even more useless than how fast Mario can run.

[@tech6hutch]

(I don't see the comment you're replying to.) In Super Mario Galaxy 2, you return to Whomp's Fortress, which is a galaxy (Throwback Galaxy). That would imply that at least that level is in space.

[@bobstayoffthegrass8772]

tech6hutch It might not be the same place. It's called "Throwback Galaxy" for a reason.

[@SmashSSL]

Bob Stayoffthegrass It's the same place. There's a red bobomb over there that actually remembers Mario. ...We are such huge nerds...

[@tech6hutch]

SmashSSL You're not a huge nerd. You didn't even remember that they're called Bob-omb Buddies :P

[@Wingcapman]

This is not only useful about how Mario works and what you can do with his hitbox and distance, it's actually really useful for creating custom Super Mario 64 levels for the custom Super Mario 64 community. Nice! Thanks for sharing. :)

[@DarcOfTheShadows]

1:51 "T-this hole! It was made for me!"

[@WM_46]

*DRR - DRR - DRR*

[@nmotschidontwannagivemyrea8932]

L-lewd

[@DlcEnergy]

(next vid "Floats") i assume mario went to tell the fish, hell, if you think this pond is good, just cause it fits you so well, you gotta check this out. :}

[@lolcatgaming5325]

*slides into the hole slowly* its me siiiiiiized!

[@thatoneguy9582]

Cassitastrophe Kappa

[@NIMPAK1]

Mario's hitbox is the golden proportion, that's kinda neat.

[@magmivire]

The golden ratio is closer to 1.62 :B But that's still really funny.

[@myhlosic]

@@magmivire What kind of face is :B supposed to be

[@myhlosic]

@@magmivire I am not sorry for necroposting

[@magmivire]

@@myhlosic I'm gonna be honest with you, I do not remember making this comment at all. I think it's teeth hanging over the lower lip, I think I make that face sometimes but I don't think I've used :B before or since right there

[@jummysgamecorner]

If the units are centimeters, Mario's height would be fairly realistic (161 cm / 5'3" hitbox or 144 cm / 4'9" model). It'd also make his running speed 9.65 m/s (34 kph / 21mph). In comparison, Usain Bolt can run at 12.9 m/s (45 kph / 28 mph)

[@ENCHANTMEN_]

It also means that QPU speed on a flat surface is about 79km/s, far in excess of the orbital speed of even Mercury.

[@jadetealaaron2003]

So Mario can run nearly as fast as Usain Bolt. Okay then

[@ryanrising2237]

@@ENCHANTMEN_ I was wondering just that the other day, thanks!

[@limecyanizer4394]

That also makes gravity about 3.67 g

[@IbisScarlet]

Why am I subscribed to this channel when even he explains I don't understand *ANYTHING* but still watch it?!

[@kasugaryuichi9767]

So do I, I now know more about SM64 than Pokemon... And I never played SM64

[@meimmakoto3224]

I know more about Xenoblade Chronicles then I do Mario 64, and I've learned pretty much everything on this guys channel... So

[@zerir.3726]

Kasuga Ryuichi PLAY IT.

[@tiltedtesseract8210]

Now we know how big the game is compared to itself, but not necessarily how it compares to reality. There aren't any obvious cues in the scenery or anything, but there is something constant we can work with: gravity. Gravity in SM64 is calculated as -4 units per frame squared. We can convert this to meters per second squared, because we know how many frames there are in a second, and we know the acceleration due to gravity on earth (-9.81 m/s^2). I think it's safe to say the game takes place on earth or some variation of it... Anyhow, when we plug in the numbers... -4 u/f^2 = -120 (u/f)/s = -3600 u/s^2 = -9.81 m/s^2 3600 u = 9.81 m = 9810 mm 36 u = 98.1 mm 1 u = 2.725 mm = 0.107 in ...We can ascertain one unit to be roughly equivalent to three millimeters, or about a tenth of an inch. Sounds about right! Now that we know how big a unit is in real-world measurements, we can figure out all kinds of fun things: -Mario is absurdly short at 39.2 cm / 15.5 inches tall (or 43.9 cm / 17 in, if you use his collision height) -But he can jump up to 67.5 inches, which is taller than a lot of people, and over four times his own height -He can also jump across a gap of 13 feet and 8 inches, which is impressive even ignoring his short stature -He runs at 2.6 m/s / 8.5 ft/s, or 9.4 km/h / 5.8 mph... a bit slower than the average person -However, Mario is capable of _diving_ at 4 m/s / 13.5 ft/s, or 14.4 km/h / 9.2 mph, which is actually a bit faster than average -He falls at about 6.1 m/s / 20 ft/s / 22 km/h / 13.6 mph, which is way slower than it ought to be (a normal person falls over 8 times faster) Of course, if you base your unit off of some other measurement, you'll surely get different results, but gravity is a pretty good constant for physically "realistic" numbers that look right... At any rate, one thing's for sure: conventional physics don't apply in videogame land. Also, now that we know the conversion factor, tell me if anyone finds something interesting in one of pannen's other videos!

[@MariaNicolae]

I find it more plausible that 1 unit = 1 cm, making gravity 36 m/s^2

[@tiltedtesseract8210]

Like I said, basing your units off of a different standard will yield different results. I picked gravity because it makes things look a bit better.

[@DebugCat]

someone needs to make a rom hack that applies real physics correctly.

[@alexpotts6520]

But of course, whichever way you slice it, there's still no upper limit to how fast Mario can run *backwards*

[@angelcaru]

Super Mario Odyssey provides a way to measure stuff in the form of Luigi's Balloon World. The Game Theorists used the minigame to measure Mario's height, and it's 155 cm.

[@juliab1954]

i never thought that i'd hear "mario's terminal velocity" ever

[@Kebabrulle4869]

No wonder Mario's proportions are 1:1,44. He only eats spaghetti and cake...

[@quinn7894]

And ravioli. And mamma mia.

[@kruje314]

ah... spaghetti.......... ah... ravioli.......... ah... mamamia..........

[@juliewinchester4799]

I don't know why I did, but I literally did the math for how big a map is on horizontal axes(if I could find out if there's a vertical limit, that would help very nicely), and it's approximately 6.1432393 acres(24860.8074 square meters). To put that in perspective, if the normal house in a city area is approximately 1/4 an acre, that means you could fit approximately 24 accurately sized houses in a Mario 64 level. Neat.

[@kruje314]

and.... what's an acre?

[@brianpso]

Thanks for the lesson teacher keok!

[@UncommentatedPannen]

Now when people ask what I mean when I say a certain speed or number of units, I just refer them to this video. Beats writing out an explanation each time. :)

[@jop3249]

+pannenkeok2012 genius

[@eduardolarrymarinsilva76]

+pannenkeok2012 How tall is Mario while ducking? what about pedro spots and slope angle?

[@UncommentatedPannen]

Mario couldn't crawl in areas smaller than 161 either. What about pedro spots and slope angle are you asking?

[@brianpso]

pannenkeok2012 Wait, so why can't we simply walk into the little igloo on SL?

[@ZeroGDucks]

Yet another lesson in Super Mario Sixtyfourology :)

[@Catonator]

I'm fairly sure Mario's hitbox is 160 units tall, and the height of ceilings is checked with an

[@herewegosupermario7738]

There was an annotation at 0:15 that said: I realized I forgot to explain how angles work in this video. In a circle, there are 65536 angle units, spanning from 0 to 65535. In terms of the X/Z axes, the angle spectrum starts at Z+ and goes counterclockwise. Thus: Z+ = angle 0 X+ = angle 16384 Z- = angle 32768 X- = angle 49152

[@herewegosupermario7738]

And at 1:28: Update: Mario can actually fit into a space so long as there's >160 height, so for example 160.001 would work. (Of course in practice, all flat ceilings have integer heights, so 161 would be the smallest height you'd find practice.)

[@herewegosupermario7738]

At 3:03, it's 31.5 units instead of 30.5

[@dmas7749]

The 1 unit == centimeter theory seems to be quite popular. Mario Height: 1.4 meters Running speed: 9.45 m/s OR 34 kph Long Jump speed: 14.7 m/s OR 52.9 kph Jump velocity: 12.6 m/s OR 45.3 kph Jump height: 2.42 meters Gravity: 36 m/s OR 129.6 kph (~ 3.6 times normal) Terminal velocity: 22.5 m/s OR 81 kph (~ 19% normal) But, a few programs/games use 70u/m measurement. By that logic: Mario Height: 2 meters Running speed: 13.5 m/s OR 48.6 kph Long Jump speed: 21 m/s OR 75.6 kph Jump velocity: 18 m/s OR 64.8 kph Jump height: 3.45 meters Gravity: 51.4 m/s OR 185.1 kph Terminal velocity: 32.1 m/s OR 115.7 kph Either way, while I'm taking aspirin, can we all agree that Mario is an ungodly athlete? Because I don't think I could run as fast or jump as high as the cm example if I trained my whole life for it.

[@birdsniffingthefloor]

When I was younger, I used to believe that doing a ground pound would decrease Mario's terminal velocity / have him fall faster. One thing that my brother and I used to do for hours was attempt to see Mario hit or stand on the ground past the death barrier.

[@kruje314]

the death barrier *is* the ground

[@birdsniffingthefloor]

@@kruje314 With death barrier I am referring to Mario's death being triggered before he touches the out of bounds "ground" geometry (where the skybox texture is).

[@scorpion2.411]

Is gravity slower with the long jump? What is it? And how much is gravity when holding A with the wings on (and its terminal velocity)?

[@UncommentatedPannen]

You're right. Gravity is halved (i.e. -2) during the long jump and ZB move. I just listed the default value in the video

[@Giamic1421]

​@@UncommentatedPannen how big is the castle by units (1 unit=1cm)

[@chocoladereep3293]

In Super Mario 64 DS, after you do a dive or a dive kick and recover, you can grab a ledge. Like this you can go on things that are around double the size you could normally go on. I am doing some courses with 0x a presses with this technique. You are awesome Pannenkoek, never change ;-) En ik weet wel dat je Nederlands bent hoor ;-)

[@UncommentatedPannen]

Yes, I am aware of that. In one sense it's easier, but then again it takes some of the challenge away

[@chocoladereep3293]

Yeah thats right, but for people that have close to no experience in glitching its a way to make the challenge easier. Like a shortcut in a really hard Mario Kart track

[@chlorobyte]

+Chocoladereep 32 0x b presses*

[@angelcaru]

SM64DS BBC is different from SM64 ABC.

[@moocowpong1]

If we assume that Mario 64 gravity is equal to earth gravity (not the only reasonable assumption!), then a unit works out to about a quarter centimeter (0.27 centimeters). This makes Mario about 1' 3" tall (hitbox 1' 5") and puts his triple jump at 5' 7" high. A course can be a little over 44 meters or 146 feet across.

[@waffledoctor87]

+moocowpong1 but a unit is around a centimeter, Mario's canon height in this game is 1.6 m

[@Grimeaper]

Just realized how handy this could be for those making Mario games on Unreal. I may have to recheck this once I get Unreal in my blood.

[@DebugCat]

2:03 yeah mario that backflip was real impressive

[@happymealgatorade6249]

That slow-mo music is actually freaking me out

[@JovialSkunk]

How tall is mario when... Crouching Crawling Breakdancing Buttsliding Forward Sliding?

[@keirontravis]

Jovial Skunk Less.

[@darkness74185]

about 100~110 according to the video

[@computercat8694]

161 units. Always.

[@deivore3438]

Depends on your definition of "tall". When crawling mario's hitbox is smaller in regards to objects and he can go under objects, but he still has the same hard unit limit for ceilings: kzbin.info/www/bejne/nGLOk3R4id6YpZom12s

[@computercat8694]

Read the comment above yours.

[@BewegteBilderrahmen]

3:29 super mario 64. 3:30 silent hill

[@MrCheeze]

For the record, as per the official SM64 patents, 1 unit is exactly equal to 1 cm.

[@kargaroc386]

That's the smoking gun isn't it? Actually what patent says this?

[@darkychao]

So, I've been wondering, are there PUs that are above/below the normal level that are just impossible to get to? Or are the only PUs that exist to the north/south/east/west.

[@UncommentatedPannen]

Ask Tyler, he understands it the best

[@chair547]

No, because the y coordinate is stored differently then the x and z coordinates

[@squirrelly1375]

I'm pretty sure it does, its just really hard up build up vertical speed

[@sunk6478]

Sorry for late reply but vertical PUs exist

[@groszak1]

The part about vertical speed and gravity taught me how to make a physics engine.

[@zarlitoz]

Thank for information.

[@General12th]

The slowed down music is awesome.

[@ryanruff13]

TMW you've coincidentally just finished watching a pannenkeok video, then to get excited when you find out that he just uploaded another one a minute ago...

[@cutecommie]

I'm assuming one unit is one centimeter. Mario seems to be rather short, which is in line with Odyssey, where he is shorter than normal humans.

[@-----------------------------b]

what happens when you crawl between those boxes and release Z? it would be to small for mario to stand up right?

[@UncommentatedPannen]

I tried it, and you can't crawl into areas smaller than 161 either

[@-----------------------------b]

+pannenkeok2012 mh ok thx

[@njihnjihnjih]

+pannenkeok2012 so how does crawling into the igloo in SL work? For the record you are pushed out of the igloo if you try to stand up there.

[@lisamariefan]

+njihnjihnjih Maybe mario's hitbox is wider? I dunno.

[@tayyipcakmak5825]

+pannenkeok2012 What if you sliding into it while crouching?

[@mrB25N]

at 3:52 the slowed down video just sounds like something from Silent Hill

[@waffledoctor87]

In game speed is approximately measured in centimeters per frame. So multiplying the SPD shown by .3 gives meters per second.

[@MetalYoshiProGamer]

GUYS! Mario conforms to the Golden Ratio! 1:45

[@TealTactics]

tf does that mean 🅱?

[@lisamariefan]

So I have a question: You were able to get into that 1 by 1 unit area earlier without the ceiling, and then later claim that the smallest area is 161x100. What's going on in the earlier example with 1 unit? Do the 50 units from each wall cancel each other out?

[@UncommentatedPannen]

Actually, I said it was the "smallest area Mario can fit into without the game constantly trying to push him out". When it's smaller than that, both walls try to push him out on every frame, and cancel out exactly.

[@lisamariefan]

Okay. Thanks for the clarification.

[@ahumanperson3649]

At 4:17 we see that the triple jump has a rather...nice initial vertical speed.

[@John_Snowbird]

It's still interesting how much bigger some of the levels feel compared to others. Like HMC seems enormous next to JRB.

[@Skywhaler]

You say in this video that the biggest a course can be is from -8192 to 8191. Could they have made one bigger than that, and that's just arbitrarily the size of the largest course? Or is there some sort of technical limitation there? If they did make a course larger than that, let's say the size of a whole PU, what kind of behavior would occur when Mario goes beyond that 8191 barrier? Similarly, since floats deal in significant figures, is there any loss of fidelity with regards to Mario's position vs his relative hitbox position past a certain number of PUs, and do you have to compensate for that when making distant PU movement? Btw, thank you for making all these videos. Genuinely.

[@UncommentatedPannen]

I think Tyler Kehne said this is the largest possible. You'd have to ask him if you want more info

[@Lugmillord]

Is there an explanation why first frame wallkicks make you go faster? Are they only adding the new speed without any cap check or something? (forget the question, you already answered it to the other person in this comment section) 1 unit seems to be roughly 1cm (Mario isn't really tall after all). That said, when you traveled over 100 PUs in one frame in one of your videos that would be over 100 * 2^16 cm or 2^16m. 65.5km in 1/30s means that he is moving over 1965km per second. Which is kinda impressive. I can't run that fast. Light speed is 3 * 10^8 m/s so Mario travels at 0.65% light speed. At least you don't need to worry about relativistic effects in your runs, haha xD. Light speed is 300,000,000m/s or 10,000,000m/frame or 1,000,000,000cm/frame. divided by PU repetition distance of 2^16cm means light travels 15258.789 PUs a frame. So if Mario travels with a speed of 15259PUs or 3814.5QPUs, he surpasses light speed :D

[@grandlandmaster6143]

+Lugmillord TL;DR

[@Lugmillord]

Grand Landmaster Short version: If I calculated correctly, Mario moved around 0.65% of light speed in of pannenkoek's videos. (which is a speed of 100 PU in one frame)

[@grandlandmaster6143]

***** I see.

[@Asticky_]

+Grand Landmaster dumbass.

[@grandlandmaster6143]

Thestickystickman Ok, and I am smart. Nice to meet you dumbass.

[@Nulono]

How is 31.5 speed only 30.5 units per frame?

[@dmo112]

I've tested on my own that a midair dive sets Mario's position roughly ~5 units up

[@pixboi]

Normal A jumps like 1 and 2 have a gravity control factor that divides the current y velocity if the current y velocity is > 20 and the player isnt pushing buttons.

[@StupidMarioBros1Fan]

I always wondered why the Level Importer had such weird numbers for things like the water and death floor heights. I wish you addressed crawling though. In Snowman's Land you can't enter the igloo unless you crawl, and I've wanted to do that in some of my custom levels but never got the right height and was not patient enough to try moving it the ceiling up or down one unit and then test since it takes a little bit of time to re-import the levels.

[@UncommentatedPannen]

Crawling doesn't make a difference for these things. The igloo entrance has a special object near it that specifically causes the crawling-only behavior.

[@StupidMarioBros1Fan]

pannenkeok2012 Wow, SM64 just keeps getting more and more complicated. xD Thank you though, that explains so much.

[@groszak1]

@@UncommentatedPannen what if you make that object like the size of Earth, then try to release the Z button after becoming under it?

[@kruje314]

@@StupidMarioBros1Fan you spelled it wrong

[@computercat8694]

Actually if you go to the wall in the castle with the top floor star door, you can go onto it.

[@Mr3cman]

the music in slowmotion, it's so creepy

[@kyzerbuhnzi6403]

You would think for a game so blocky, the units wouldn't be so small.

[@kruje314]

minecraft

[@Varooooooom]

Does all this apply to Mario when he is not wearing a hat? What about when he's wearing one of the power-up hats? I'm sure the wing cap must have an interesting effect on acceleration

[@Varooooooom]

Downward acceleration too, when you hold A.

[@mago474]

I think that one unit equals to 1cm Mario's character models is 144 units (144cm) tall and he can jump twice his height with a single jump

[@titus4039]

god the slowed down mario music sounds so creepy... 3:52

[@kargaroc386]

Why is -8192 to 8191 the max level size, when that's only 1/4th of the coordinate space? (I'm aware this is only 1/64th by volume)

[@UncommentatedPannen]

Ask Tyler Kehne. He knows a lot more about that than I do

[@threemoo]

As with two other people in the comments, I don't get how you concluded that mario is 161 units high... He can fit through a gap of 160.001 units (your example through your tests) therefore he's 160 units tall... (or at least his "hitbox" is (note: "hitboxes" called Colliders these days in the Nvidia PhysX engine but gamers don't really want to move to the newer grammar, oh well I'm still happy with either! :D ) ) He is 160 x 100... Perfectly normal and logical figures... This is of course a bit of a shocking revelation, as I am 1.6 meters tall, which is of course 160cm, and since Mario is essentially considered a Human, the implication is that SM64 units are actually CM... This would mean that Mario is my height... and when you consider that I am pretty much an average height... This means that Mario is NOT SHORT... He is in fact just in a freakin HUGE WORLD! This also implies that Mario is able to jump 6.3 Meters off the ground and long jump 15.3 Meters without touching the ground! This guy's way beyond an Olympic champion! Additionally 950 Units/second translates to 9.5M/s which to approximately 21.25 Miles per hour... Mario can RUN at 21.25 MPH!!! I love Maths... and Super Mario!

[@theophilecaceres5855]

1:50 My House (°v°)

[@CKDEV]

How long does it take for Mario to accelerate to his walking speed?

[@SgtKOnyx]

Since you apparently take viewer questions, could you please put the full form of acronyms/ abbreviations in the description? If you're really adventurous also a link where that term is explained? I'll also put this on a more recent video, FYI.

[@arianchandler9285]

How tall can levels be? I haven't been able to find the info anywhere and it'd be super useful to know for making ROM hacks.

[@clamdove3292]

wow. i never realized this game's maps were that small. if my math is correct, it only takes 13 long jumps (rounded up) to get from one edge of the map to the other, if the map is a flat plane w/ no pits or holes, and has no objects

[@QuiteDan]

How many A presses remain now?

[@maxtes252]

Super slow motion PSS is creepy.

[@Feltzer342]

Hey, Pan? Couldn't Mario's Terminal Velocity be modified by hex editing or ASM Hacking so he could fall slower?

[@kiefac]

Feltzer342 or faster...

[@DebugCat]

so fast that you downwarp when you walk off a ledge

[@UltraAryan10]

I bet you can, also the terminal velocity and gravity is halved during a long jump, slide kick recover and wing cap fall

[@galoomba5559]

@@UltraAryan10 The terminal velocity is only halved for wing cap fall, but not for a long jump or slidekick

[@UltraAryan10]

@@galoomba5559 My bad. I believe its the gravity thats reduced in those case instead.

[@mariomuncher44]

Those unit examples are in total *3 790* . Thoughts on this, UncommentatedPannenkoek ?

[@sabby6090]

4:20 69 speed triple jump Nice

[@SpyX9LP]

Is mario's hitbox a hyperrectangle or a cylinder? I only ask because it seems weird you would be able to turn around 1:59 if it wasn't a cylinder.

[@UncommentatedPannen]

Cylinder

[@hi-i-am-atan]

It's worth noting that hyperrectangular player hitboxes - or hyperrectangular hitboxes for objects that don't utilize a "real physics" engine in general - are often axis-aligned for this exact reason. Not only does it save on processing power ( since you don't have to calculate which points are within the rotated rectangle ) but it always prevents weirdness that would otherwise occur when actually rotating the rectangle.

[@kingjamie2]

Does anyone know what the maximum horizontal speed mario can reach is and what happens when you try to build up speed past this point? Has Pannenkoek ever done a video about this? Whenever I google I just get speedrun results

[@themc8769]

kingjamie2 I'm pretty late but watch pannen's vid on floats. At a certain point Mario's speed reaches "infinity" and the game crashes.

[@kingjamie2]

hey thanks a lot man! much appreciated

[@nathanisbored]

are you sure Mario's unit measurements are that simple? I know in super mario world for example, the rectangle formed by his 'collision points' are actually greater than 16 pixels tall, yet he can fit into 16 pixel tall gaps because of the way the collision works. speaking of, for reference, we measure things in subpixels in SMW (effectively 16x16 subpixels make up one pixel), and Mario's gravity is 6 subpixels per frame per frame, unless youre holding a jump button in which case gravity is halved. His initial vertical velocity is based on horizontal speed when you jump, and vertical speed increases negatively going up. His terminal velocity is 64 + gravity. smw-tas.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-vertical-speed-in-jump.html So effectively the max height of a jump in SMW is 1458 subpixels or 91 pixels which is about 6 times Mario's height, whereas in SM64 I guess a triple jump is about 4 times his height.

[@Qbe_Root]

+nathanisbored Do power-ups change Mario’s jump height? Because 6 times Small Mario’s height is about 3 times Super Mario’s height…

[@nathanisbored]

Qbe Root Yeah sorry I was referring to small Mario's height, so it would be about 3 times big mario. Although it's actually more like 5 times (or 2.5) because we're only talking about the height of his feet either way...

[@kiefac]

nathanisbored collision is handled much, much differently in sm64. there's floors, ceilings, and walls, and they all actually have different ways of detecting collisions. pannen has lots of videos on the topic

[@nathanisbored]

i'm well aware

[@davidglasheen3852]

try bAZZR2ITILPIUYTGĢ

[@henry92_44]

How does horizontal speed behave when you get a first frame wallkick?

[@UncommentatedPannen]

It stays the same, you just move in the opposite direction. If you are under the assumption that hyper speed wall kicking (HSWKing) depends on the wall kicks, you are mistaken. HSWKing just prolongs Mario's air time to be infinite, and Mario's forward speed in the air will increase unboundedly if you hold forwards, so that's where the infinite speed comes from.

[@henry92_44]

+pannenkeok2012 My question regarded more speedrunning than TASing, but thanks for the explanation on HSWKing anyway :P

[@kingkoopa6442]

Will Mario's terminal velocity change if he does a ground poubd?

[@kingkoopa6442]

*pound

[@UncommentatedPannen]

A ground pound starts at -50 vertical speed, then decreases to -75. So it has the same terminal velocity.

[@inakilbss]

Finally!

[@esotericVideos]

Wait, so if the long jump is 1530, and the widest a course can be is about 16000 does that mean you can go completely across every course in 11 long jumps or less?

[@TealTactics]

tru my boi

[@randomguy-tg7ok]

16384/1530=10.7, so...

[@SSDARKPIT]

Assuming you can do a long jump from a standing position.

[@groszak1]

if only the courses were completely flat then...

[@UltraAryan10]

That 16000 is a square/cubic unit, and so its much larger then that.

[@DebugCat]

at what speed does a jump-kick become a dive?

[@halogenlampert]

2:40 "double jump goes 364 units up" @pannenkeok2012 i am pretty sure in another video you said double jumps are proportional to marios current speed. how does that proportion work with that statement?

[@UncommentatedPannen]

The double jump height I showed was just the double jump at rest. I'm not sure what the exact equation is though when you have horizontal speed

[@halogenlampert]

pannenkeok2012 isn't that sort of a big deal? If horizontal speed is all we have being able to double jump at QPU speed should help on some of the more A-press consuming strats. OFC double-jumping itself takes A-presses

[@synexiasaturnds727yearsago7]

305 units tall. Triple Jump Speed? Nice.

[@hyperinvox9129]

Jesus fucking christ, Slowed down slider sounds demented. *And I love it =)*

[@DouglasZwick]

What's the Y-measure of Mario's collider when he's crouching? How about crawling? Could you place a box with a ground clearance of 160 units and have Mario crawl underneath it? What would happen if he stood up?

[@CC-hx8gj]

3:32 Sounds like a dystopian game

[@computercat8694]

How does controlling the height of jumps work?

[@G_Silent]

3:53 that music slowed down sounds horrifying

[@Frikiman_H]

What about the sparkly triple jump you get after talking to Yoshi?

[@UltraAryan10]

Its just sparkles.

[@QuinGracia]

Does that mean long jumping only a couple of times would theoretically get you from one end of the course to the other?

[@TheKyshu]

Thanks!

[@prestonlui6451]

Is it an extension of physics

[@Ultimaximus]

Two questions: If diving and long jump have the same horizontal speed, do they both cover the same amount of ground at the same time? Mario's width is 100 units, does the same go for his length? And what shape is his hitbox, a rectangular prism, a cylinder, or sphere?

[@Kebabrulle4869]

+Lateralusticus To the first question, I think that long jumps cover more distance. That's because Mario hits the ground faster if he dives, and therefore decelerates faster. That's my hypothesis, at least. PANNENKEOK ANSWER US PLEASE!!

[@UncommentatedPannen]

He is a vertical cylinder with height 161 and radius 50.

[@UncommentatedPannen]

I'm not sure which one's faster. Saying they're the same in the video was just me rounding, but I think long jumps are slightly faster on average. I could test it though

[@abnt_official]

"ZB Move" aka Slide Kick

[@JediJess1]

You should create playlists sorting which of your vids are tests and which are tutorials, etc. Not criticizing, I'm generally interested in your videos

[@UncommentatedPannen]

Videos on this channel aren't meant to stand as final products. For instance, the information covered in this video will eventually be a part of a koek video. Of course, that won't be for some time since ABC videos are my primary concern right now, so I just made a quick video on here in the mean time

[@JediJess1]

speaking of that, what's your next level of focus?

[@UncommentatedPannen]

The A press saves in BBH

[@JediJess1]

nice. I recall you trying to use a pop up, but with little success... hmm... is it possible to clone the boos that appear in the merry go round? I know the problem would be getting a fake clone through the doors, but is there still a way?

[@tctrainconstruct2592]

How can Mario sneak between 2 boxes that are next to each other? Any real person would need to push them away (and if the boxes are next to a wall, it's pretty much impossible, because that frame is just paint)

[@selane8841]

What's the vertical speed of a ground pound? The same as terminal velocity?

[@UncommentatedPannen]

Starts at -50, then decreases to -75.

[@Flashlight237]

Does Yoshi's reward improve triple jump's V-speed at all? I mean last I checked, Yoshi would give Mario a congratulatory message from Nintendo, 100 lives, and an improved triple jump.

[@cativideos3545]

Looks like it only removes fall damage.

[@meta04]

I've never successfully done a 3JWK with the special triple jump, though. Which means you have to get more creative with WWWW.

[@fakeorchestra4260]

Do you have a degree in mathematics? This is ingenious.

[@JwopDk]

Nice! Why not upload on the koek channel?

[@UncommentatedPannen]

The expected quality of videos my main channel has risen too high. A quick and sloppy video like this with no voice commentary wouldn't fly anymore. The corresponding koek video might take 50+ hours to make, whereas I can just whip this one out in a day and upload it here with no complaints.

[@Lugmillord]

+pannenkeok2012 But you could make a small announcement/reminder video on your main channel that says "hey, I have a secondary channel where I explain stuff and such". I only accidently found this channel.

[@UncommentatedPannen]

The thing is, I'm not trying to make this channel great. I'm not trying to improve the quality of its videos or bring it more viewers, otherwise it defeats the entire purpose of this channel. It's purely for those who want "behind the scenes" content and spoilers for my main channel. In fact, I feel like most of the people on my main channel wouldn't find this channel interesting enough and/or wouldn't want to be spoiled of the new strats before the final video comes out. So I just let anyone who's into SM64 enough to stumble on this channel naturally become the audience

[@Lugmillord]

pannenkeok2012 I see. Well, I'm glad I found this channel :) I really love this in-depth Mario 64 craziness. Keep it up ^.^

[@JwopDk]

pannenkeok2012 I mean, you make your own decisions, but I honestly think more people would like this nerdier channel than you think. Given that people like me have already been introduced to the world of - as Kaze put it - playing SM64 like a puzzle game, it's not like by watching these videos we're seeing things we can't understand or appreciate. We like your stuff, we always want to see the latest discoveries. If your fans don't like what you have to offer on this channel, then they can simply choose to ignore it, but I think people who watch the koek channel should at least be aware of this channel. Just my opinion though, you keep on making awesome videos :P

[@Henrix1998]

Is vertical speed applied only once in a frame? You can't divide 75 to 4 quarter steps evenly

[@shadestaa]

somehow you figured out how tall mario is and game theory can't

[@Ohrami]

what's the horizontal speed on jump dives? what's the fastest way to get around using normal movement?

[@UncommentatedPannen]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/nHbOkmt3h5troNE

[@Ohrami]

pannenkeok2012 Thanks much. So I guess the time save for RTA runs which use jump dives in place of long jumps is very insignificant. How much dust would it take for a jump dive to be slower than long jumps?

[@UncommentatedPannen]

I don't know. I didn't bother researching the different levels of imperfection of the moves and how they compare. That would make the analysis exponentially more complicated

[@Ohrami]

pannenkeok2012 I think testing this one instance wouldn't be too difficult, compared to the content of your typical videos. I'm just a bit curious to see how precise you'd need to be for an RTA run in order to actually save time from jump dives. I could probably do it myself with some information. How much speed do you lose for each frame of dust? With that information, I think it'd be easy for me to calculate it on my own.

[@UncommentatedPannen]

There's just so many other variables involved. What's the setup before the move? How precisely are they holding the joystick in the same direction that mario's moving? Are they on a slope or flat ground? If on a slope, what angle in relation to the slope? Basically, trying to deviate from the simplistic conditions I showed in that video makes analysis very complicated, and not very generalizable

[@savawhatever3092]

...where i can download the speed counter?

[@vgking487]

What are Mario's dimensions when he's crawling/crouching?

[@brutalrattle]

VGKing the same

[@thedeadliestrobloxia]

I assumed that each unit was a pixel, seems I was right. However, if marios hitbox is so big, how can you fit in to the size of 1 unit.

[@MariaNicolae]

Because the walls' pushing out cancel out exactly, so they have no effect.

[@thedeadliestrobloxia]

Timestoppa Ah, okay. Man nintendo logic and physics are fun ^_^

[@CKDEV]

units aren't pixelsls

[@firezard75]

Important question: If the double jump scales with speed (as you specified in your TTC 6xA press video) How can you give a definitive number for the height of the jump?

[@UncommentatedPannen]

You caught me! To keep it simple, I just gave the height of a double jump while Mario is stationary. The actual height is related to Mario's speed, but is outside the scope of what I intended to cover in this video.

[@firezard75]

I'm sure a man of your talent could come up with an equation for Mario's double jump height in units with 'x' being Mario's speed :P Really enjoy your videos with commentary!! Keep them up, I was disappointed to see so few of them on your channel.

[@UncommentatedPannen]

That's because they take much more effort to plan and make

[@mind_flayer1235]

What if mario crouches?

[@THEELEMENTKING]

how do you enable that speed counter thing is it a cheat or some sort of debug thing?

[@MegamikazeMoriko]

triple jump vertical speed ;D