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๐ ๐บ๐๐๐ ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ฑ ๐ถ๐ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ถ๐ณ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ฒ๐
๐ฝ๐น๐ฎ๐ป๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐๐ฒ ๐ด๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ ๐ฎ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐โ ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ต๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐๐ฟ ๐ฏ๐ ๐๐ถ๐บ ๐๐ป๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐๐ผ๐ป, ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ผ๐ณ๐ฒ๐๐๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐บ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐๐ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐๐ผ๐๐ผ ๐จ๐ป๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐๐ถ๐๐.
Most humans recognize themselves in a mirror, but this ability requires learning about mirrors. Young babies do not know that they are looking at their own reflection; at first, they react to their image as if it were another baby. They smile and vocalize toward the little playmate, try to touch it, and look or crawl behind the mirror to find it. Into her second year, the infant explores the visual properties of the mirror more intensely: pulling faces, clowning around, and testing the continencies of the mirror all contribute towards the realization that she is looking at an image of herself. By the age of 24 months, most infants show correct use of the mirror to investigate their appearance, checking their hair, looking at their tongue or inside their mouth, or noticing a mark on their face that can only be seen in the reflection.
Psychologists study the development of self-recognition in human infants because it tells them about early self-awareness. Researchers have also investigated self-recognition in other species, especially monkeys and apes.๐๐ ๐๐ต๐ผ๐๐น๐ฑ ๐ฏ๐ฒ ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐บ๐ฒ๐บ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐๐ต๐ฎ๐ ๐ผ๐๐ฟ ๐ฐ๐น๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐๐ ๐ฝ๐ฟ๐ถ๐บ๐ฎ๐๐ฒ ๐ฐ๐ผ๐๐๐ถ๐ป๐, ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ด๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ ๐ฎ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐, ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ด๐ฒ๐ป๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐น๐น๐ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฎ๐๐ผ๐บ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐น๐น๐ ๐บ๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐น๐ถ๐ธ๐ฒ ๐ต๐๐บ๐ฎ๐ป๐ ๐๐ต๐ฎ๐ป ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐บ๐ผ๐ป๐ธ๐ฒ๐๐, ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐๐ป๐น๐ถ๐ธ๐ฒ ๐บ๐ผ๐ป๐ธ๐ฒ๐๐, ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐ ๐ฑ๐ผ ๐ป๐ผ๐ ๐ต๐ฎ๐๐ฒ ๐ฎ ๐๐ฎ๐ถ๐น. Convincing evidence for self-recognition exists only for great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans), although strong and plausible claims have also been made for a few non-primate species, namely elephants and dolphins.
Like human babies, monkeys and apes first react to their own reflection as if they were looking at another, unfamiliar member of their species. However, this strange individual only imitates; it doesnโt interact normally, and it sometimes suddenly appears then disappears from view. The reflection clearly perplexes the viewing monkey or ape, and the behavioral reactions it elicits depend on factors such as species, age, sex, social status, and presence of others. For example, infants might approach their reflection as they would approach a potential play partner, whereas older individuals might see the stranger as a threat, giving rise to feelings of tension, and even aggressive attacks.
Studies of great apes in captivity have documented that with increasing exposure to their reflection, tension, anxiety, and aggression decrease, and the individual starts to compare its own movements with those of the reflection. Eventually this leads to spontaneous mirror-guided self-directed responses, when the individual makes use of the mirror to explore parts of its body that it cannot see directly, such as the ano-genital region, or inside the mouth. These new behaviours suggest the transition from perceiving the reflection as โotherโ to perceiving it as โmeโ Self-recognition is often confirmed in a test in which the ape is secretly marked on a part of the face (e.g, forehead, ear) that can only be seen in a mirror. Positive evidence of self-recognition indicates that some aspects of sense of self are shared between great apes and ourselves. In contrast to the great apes, monkeys show no convincing signs of self-recognition
All scientific studies of mirror-image reactions in great apes have been done on captive individuals or groups in zoos, sanctuaries, or laboratories. Nine years ago, Xavier HUBERT-BRIERRE opened up new possibilities by installing several large mirrors throughout a forest zone in Gabon, in the home range of a completely wild community of chimpanzees and at least one group of gorillas, as well as many other species. Thanks to video-traps set up near each mirror, Xavier has captured the behavioral reactions of many animals upon encountering these mirrors. The forest is a dangerous environment, not least because intruders of the same species might signal possible invasion, injury, and even death. Many of Xavierโs videos show chimpanzees and gorillas responding to their reflections as if they were under threat, displaying and charging at the mirror, sometimes violently. With repeated exposure to the mirrors, however, for many individuals the social overtones of the reflection diminish, and in the secure presence of other, calm, group and family members, individuals start to explore the reflection more quietly and carefully. This change in attitude and behaviour, in turn, might eventually lead to the first great apes in the wild to have an accurate mental representation of their own visual appearance.
๐๐ค๐ฉ๐ ๐๐ง๐ค๐ข ๐๐๐ซ๐๐๐ง ๐๐๐ฝ๐๐๐-๐ฝ๐๐๐๐๐๐: ๐๐ง๐ค๐. ๐ผ๐ฃ๐๐๐ง๐จ๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐๐จ ๐จ๐ฉ๐ช๐๐๐๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ค๐ช๐ง ๐ค๐ ๐ฃ๐ค๐ฃ๐๐ช๐ข๐๐ฃ ๐ฅ๐ง๐๐ข๐๐ฉ๐๐จ ๐๐ค๐ง ๐ข๐ค๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฃ 40 ๐ฎ๐๐๐ง๐จ, ๐๐ฃ๐๐ก๐ช๐๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐๐ค๐ค๐ฃ๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐๐ข๐ฅ๐๐ฃ๐ฏ๐๐๐จ ๐๐ฃ ๐ฌ๐๐จ๐ฉ ๐ผ๐๐ง๐๐๐, ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ข๐๐๐๐ฆ๐ช๐๐จ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐. ๐๐ ๐๐๐จ ๐ฅ๐ช๐๐ก๐๐จ๐๐๐ ๐ค๐ซ๐๐ง 200 ๐จ๐๐๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐๐๐ ๐ฅ๐๐ฅ๐๐ง๐จ ๐ค๐ฃ ๐ฅ๐ง๐๐ข๐๐ฉ๐๐จ.