*Please read my attached description in which I explain the behaviour of this silverback (the head of the family) who avoids direct eye contact with his reflection and the totally different behaviour of his family with their reflection (blackbacks).* Click on the "show more" option, I attach a description to each of my 180 videos published on my KZbin channel, first in English and then in French, and you will learn some very interesting information about the reactions of animals to my mirrors in the jungle* kzbin.infovideos

*In animals, as in humans, self-awareness in the mirror is not innate.* It is the result of learning to mirror more comfortably at home in young humans in the company of their parents, who have done this learning and who have the words to explain the properties of the mirror to their young child. In primates, elephants and their congeners, in the insecurity of the jungle, mirror training with parents who have not done it and do not speak, is much more difficult even for intelligent individuals. A human adult, confronted with a mirror for the first time in his life, not knowing its properties or even its existence, will behave irrationally. It is only ignorance of the mirror that makes him react in this way. *I saw a scene where white explorers meeting a Papuan tribe shot a polaroid photo of a man and a woman side by side: Both of them recognized the other and didn't want to admit to being the second person in the photo because each didn't know what he looked like, having never seen himself!* *In the following video* kzbin.info/www/bejne/mXibaHuXnrRsj9U , *an excerpt from the report of the French director Jean-Pierre Dutilleux on a first contact with the Toulambis tribe in Papua New Guinea shows adult dads who were afraid to see themselves in a mirror, but who after a few minutes understood the reflective properties of this object. Compared to the silverback gorilla alone facing his reflection in a very large mirror, avoiding direct eye contact with it, or with a chimpanzee group all together front of a mirror, it was easier for these Papuans, endowed with speech, standing in the middle of their quiet tribe, in front of a very small mirror with a white one that shows its reflective property, to understand, their reflection through the comments of other tribe members.* Check out more of my 180 homemade videos from my channel and don't forget to read the description attached to each of them, you will find very interesting information. kzbin.infovideos Good vision! To date: only humans, orangutans, chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas (black backs but not silverbacks), rhesus macaques, bottlenose dolphins, Asian elephants, killer whales, grey parrots and African magpies have demonstrated the ability to recognise their own reflection, *after long training in front of the mirror for some of them.* No African elephant has yet passed the self recognition mark test in the mirror. No felid such as a leopard, tiger or home cat has passed the test, nor has any dog. Our KZbin channel kzbin.infovideos publishes over 180 videos filmed by our camera traps in the Gabonese jungle. Most of them show wildlife encounters with our 6 large mirrors.

Please read my description attached to this video: *Some seem to use the mirror’s properties to explore their anus, a part of their body they are unable to see without its help.*

Our use of mirrors has been of great interest to primatologists, including members of the PSG, not the Paris Saint Germain football club, but the Primate Specialists Group, who have only been able to study self-recognition in a mirror in great apes in laboratories with captive animals or animals born in captivity, used to contact with humans. These animals did not have to search for food, defend their families against other congeners and predators, sometimes imitating humans, and therefore had very different distorted behaviours from primates living in complete freedom with their group or family in a remote area of Gabon's forest. Our cameras have highlighted a very particular behaviour among chimpanzees in the Nyonié region and resulted in a scientific publication, "Reflections in rainforest mirrors facilitate behavioral observations of wild chimpanzees Primates n°58 2017-01". On our two following videos this behavior is filmed: kzbin.info/www/bejne/qqWweJaCp7ZkaKc (Rump-Rump Rubbing in Chimpanzees = anti-stress effect? A social behavior ever observed previously) and kzbin.info/www/bejne/aqfPmoekf5yCotE (scared chimps reassure themselves with pseudo-copulation and rump-to-rump contacts front of mirror). On our KZbin channel kzbin.infovideos are published more than 180 videos captured by our trap cameras fixed in the Gabon jungle. The majority of them show encounters of wild animals with our 6 large mirrors. After watching each of our videos, don't forget to read the description in english attached to learn more about the behaviour of the animals in front of their reflection.

Perfectly! *Because he doesn't know what he looks like, but he does recognize his congeners in the reflections.* Don’t forget after watching to read the description attached to each of my 180 videos published on my KZbin channel you will know very interesting information about animals reactions front of my mirrors in the jungle kzbin.infovideos

*What is the story of Narcissus?* *A young man of Greek mythology, gifted with great beauty. Driven by thirst, Narcissus caught his reflection in the water of a spring and fell in love with it; he did not know that this image in the water was his reflection. He let himself die of longing; the flower that grew where he died is named after him. But in this video, these Gabonese apes don't seem to be in love with their own image.* Please read the description attached to each of my 180 videos published on my KZbin channel you will know very interesting informations about animals reactions front of my mirrors in the jungle kzbin.infovideos

In apes as in humans, self recognition in a mirror is not innate. It is the result of the more comfortable training in the mirror at home among young humans in the company of their parents who have done this training and who have the words to explain to their young child the properties of the mirror. Among chimpanzees or gorillas, in the insecurity of the jungle learning at the same time as his parents who have not done this and who do not speak, this is much more difficult even for intelligent individuals. *_Case of a female gorilla_* In front of a mirror, she sees a female she has never seen before, a stranger? (her reflection): A new female for her husband, the silverback (harem chief). Such are the male/female relationships in gorillas. So she doesn't know jealousy and she can quietly stay in front of her reflection and do her apprenticeship in the mirror which will allow her to recognize herself in her reflection. *_Case of a female chimpanzee:_* In front of a mirror, she sees a female she has never seen before, a stranger? (her reflection): A new female that the dominant males of the group will share. Such are the male/female relationships in chimpanzees. So she doesn't know jealousy and she can quietly stay in front of her reflection and do her apprenticeship in the mirror which will allow her to recognize herself in her reflection. After this apprenticeship in the mirror, a female chimpanzee as a female gorilla may use the miror like with humans Don’t forget after watching to read the description attached to each of my 180 videos published on my KZbin channel you will know very interesting information about animals reactions front of my mirrors in the jungle kzbin.infovideos

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Many KZbinrs are surprised that animals facing large mirrors do not recognize themselves and that they are even afraid of their image or see rivals when they are used to seeing their own reflections in ponds, standing waters, lakes and rivers when they drink from them. Several times while bending down in sunny weather over a pool of aquatic plants with a dark bottom, I saw, on the surface of the water, my shadow but not the reflection of my face, whereas I saw that of my wife placed 2 meters away from me. I believe that on the surface of the water, one's own image cannot be reflected perpendicularly but distinctly laterally. This is why animals could not learn from the mirror by drinking from lakes, ponds or rivers. Don't forget to read the description attached to each of our 180 videos published on our channel kzbin.infovideos

The mirror was invented before water was, everybody knows that😆

*I have no desire to try such an experiment just to publish a video in order to amuse some Internet users and risk causing some chimpanzees to be traumatized and may be my mirrors to be broken.* Watch more of my 180 homemade videos published on my channel kzbin.infovideos and read the description attached to each of them. You will find very interesting information about the reactions of the animals in front of my mirrors in the gabonese jungle: Good vision! Here are the GPS points of these mirrors: number 1: S 00+06'40,6" E009+21'40,4" number 2: S 00+06'40,7" E009+21'41,8" number 3: S 00+06'47,5" E009+22'08,9" number 6: S 00+05'41,1" E009+19'45,1" Have a nice trip!

*Your feedback on my videos encourages us to pursue our overwhelming and somewhat dangerous passion. It is a great reward for my wife Anne-Marie, my friend Michel and me. As you may have noticed we are not comfortably sitting in our armchairs, to publish without any description, pieces of videos copied from the Internet and put end to end. But we maintain our mirrors and numerous cameras traps, to change the SD, batteries, to clean the objectives, to remove the fallen branches in their field of vision, to go up on foot the bed of the marigots to find zones of crossing of animals to install new traps there etc... Drenched by tornadoes, the body covered with insect bites of all kinds (horseflies, gorilla flies, tsetse, black ants, magnan ants etc.) and unfortunately the number of cameras refusing to work increases because of the humidity rate of 95%. Then we do the editing of the videos and write a long description in English which is not our native language (french) and then put them online to show the beauty of Gabonese fauna, talk about poachers, show how elephants who have managed to get away from a wire snare trap, treat the deep cut made by this trap, show how elephants pick mangos, self recognition in mirrors that is not innate both among humans than among primates and other mammals and so on... and answer to numerous comments posted on my channel* It's a choice.. Watch more of my 180 videos published on my channel kzbin.infovideos and read the description attached to each of them. You will find very interesting information about the reactions of the animals in front of my mirrors in the gabonese jungle: Good vision! *May I suggest you some of my homemade-made videos from my channel which have never been recommended by KZbin and which unfortunately have a very small number of views even though they are very instructive such as:* First mud bath of an cute new born elephant with her mom and aunts: kzbin.info/www/bejne/aKHNYomcoLN9iZY Fresh Water from Creeks triggers the urge to urinate in wild mammals: kzbin.info/www/bejne/ep3YenSvbNBjopo Can an elephant survive without half of its trunk lost in a poacher's wire snare? kzbin.info/www/bejne/a6CcmIqfbdWNp6c Before buying ivory jewellery or carved ivory objects: kzbin.info/www/bejne/aJPYhZ1tpbOpfq8 and unfortunately there are many others in this case! Check out my 180 homemade videos published on my channel kzbin.infovideos and read the description attached to each one of them. You will know very interesting informations. Good vision!

𝗜𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗲𝗮𝘀𝘆 𝘁𝗼 𝗰𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗶𝘇𝗲, 𝗯𝘂𝘁 𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗮𝗰𝘁! (𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗽𝗽𝗲 𝗡é𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘂𝗹𝘁) *The royalties paid by KZbin for 2023 amount to 6,119.18 euros, on which I have to pay a 34% social contribution to the tax authorities, i.e. a net monthly amount of 337 euros.* *In 12 years of trapping, I have* - bought 304 camera traps at an average price of US$150 each, - bought around a hundred external 6-volt motorcycle batteries that could be recharged - bought around 24,000 non-rechargeable batteries (ordinary AA and Energizer Ultimates Lithium) - made a total of 48 return flights between France and Gabon with my wife, - built 50 mirrors (in an equatorial environment where the rainy season lasts 9 months a year, with almost daily thunderstorms, their frame, feet and buttresses, their plywood backs, although designed for marine use, suffer enormously from both permanent humidity (+95%) and termite attack. On average my 6 mirrors have to be completely replaced every 12/18 months. The reflective plates cannot be kept because the humidity alters their tint and stains appear making it more difficult for the primates to observe their reflection. You have no idea how much it costs to build a 244x122-centimeter mirror with an aluminum corner frame, glued to a termite-treated wooden support and transported by pirogue for an hour, then 37 kilometers by toyota 4x4 and 1 kilometer carried by humans. and we stayed as paying guests for about 60/70 weeks in the Nyonié camp located 10 km from my trapping area!

@@XHB06400CANNES Ah I see. So that is why you can't afford the internet in order to read up on copyright law. Fair enough. Have a nice day. 👋

I hope that after you've laughed, you'll have thought to read the description attached to this video to learn more about the reactions of these great apes to their reflection in our great mirrors. *Merci beaucoup !* Check out more of my 180 homemade videos from my channel and don't forget to read the description attached to each of them, you will find very interesting information. kzbin.infovideos Good vision!

*In an attempt to frighten a stranger whom he has never met (his image), with whom he does not wish to share the females of his harem, this silverback, standing in a two-legged posture, with outstretched arms, demonstrates his large physique, his strength **_with heavy loud slaps with cupped hands_** on the ground. These slaps on the ground must be very noisy, because he wants to prove his strength and thus frighten the invader and encourage him to flee. His reflection, taking the same attitude, hesitates to fight him.* As with humans, self-awareness in gorillas is also the result of learning to look in the mirror. It requires looking at one's reflection many times and quietly studying it: the face, body and the gestures (attitudes) it copies. *Although mirror training can be successful in some blackback gorillas (females, juveniles and children),* after long practice in the mirror in the laboratory, as in the wild, *it is compromised among silverback gorillas* , where looking *another silverback gorilla or your reflection straight in the eye is a sign of defiance,* and these peaceful males avoid this attitude. *After years of encountering these mirrors, this silverback still hasn't realised that the silverback's reflection is not the slightest threat to him.* In my description attached to this video, I explain this behaviour in silverback gorillas and the behaviour of other members of (blackback) his family. Our KZbin channel kzbin.infovideos publishes over 180 videos captured by our camera traps in the Gabonese jungle. Most of them show wildlife encounters with our 6 large mirrors. descriptions in English and French, with more detailed explanations, are attached to each of our videos published on my channel. If you don't understand English or French, you can help yourself by using free translation software such as www.deepl.com/en/ru/translator or translate.google.com to read the description attached to each of our videos. By clicking "show more", I attach a description with more information to each of the 180 videos published on my channel. kzbin.infovideos

*In felines, while lions are programmed to live in large family groups (pride), male leopards are genetically programmed to live alone, to live without any female (except during mating periods) and without their own offspring and therefore to be single throughout his life. So this male leopard is a solitary and territorial animal. He occupies a territory that overlaps a few smaller female territories. He doesn't feel alone and dont search an odourless mate. He doesn't need any friend, any lifepartner. These mirrors break a certain sameness in his life in the rain forest. Front of them This male leopard behaviour changes from one minute to the next, of desire for company, of desire to fight with a rival, an intruder in his territory who strangely has no smell and is mute. This leopard was clearly drawn to and interested in the mirror, rubs himself on the mirror because may be a female leopard in estrus did it earlier leaving her scent? He only meets females during the mating season. To invite the females in heat, he emits a guttural sound called " sawing call ". This call also warns rival males not to enter his domain:* kzbin.info/www/bejne/iH3YpGeYibytnK8 On our KZbin channel kzbin.infovideos are published more than 180 videos captured by our trap cameras fixed in the Gabon jungle. The majority of them show encounters of wild animals with our 6 large mirrors. After watching each of our videos, don't forget to read the description in english attached to learn more about the behaviour of the animals in front of their reflection.

A human never exposed to a mirror throughout their life and raised in the forest would do the exact same thing. This is not something they are exposed to at all, aside from muddled reflections of their face when they drink. It is only because we understand what mirrors are and we see them from a young age that we simply know what it is. Only being alive for 4 or 5 years and then being exposed to a perfect reflection of yourself, of course you're going to get scared and assume there is another one of your species right there. Even now, if you are walking through a forest and 30 ft away you saw your reflection your first in central reaction would be shock or thinking that there is another human being over there, until you get closer and realize it is a mirror. Mainly because you are not expecting a mirror to be in the middle of the forest so your brain would first assume that there is another individual there. Again, because we know what mirrors are once our brain figures out that it isn't another human our brain will then assume that it is a mirror

*Without these mirrors,* jungle life is cruel and monotony : These animals encounter other opponents in the jungle constantly. And those opponents (or prey) have actual claws, fangs, tusks, and horns to fight back with and shed blood. They fight or they flee or both. They fight amongst themselves within their own herds and prides regardless of species for food, status, for mating right and territory and might die in those encounters. *With these mirrors, I break the monotony of the daily life of some animals in this remote area of the gabonese rain forest. If the presence of my mirrors can disturb some species in the jungle, quickly many of them get habituated to it and even take pleasure to observe their reflection in my mirrors.* These wild animals can go to these mirrors, as they see fit and stay in front of them, as long as they wish. They are not tied as dogs with leashes, locked as dog or cats in flats especially with dressing rooms equipped with a full-length mirror! They are not imprisoned for life in pens or cages with the distraction of watching visitors standing behind their fences or bars, eating the food they have neither picked nor hunted as Harambe (a silverback gorilla), born in captivity and dead 17 years later, still captive , killed by a bullet in his enclosure! *_No food is placed by humans next to mirrors to encourage them to come._* I would like to point out that among the wild animals meeting these mirrors placed in this remote region of Gabon, some seem happy to look at themselves in these mirrors: as these leopards: kzbin.info/www/bejne/qHaTgoWcZ9Wdp8k kzbin.info/www/bejne/el6kkqVvh5qdmLs as these chimpanzees: kzbin.info/www/bejne/sGWboX2GZ52Gf8k as these young gorillas: kzbin.info/www/bejne/eWS2gpdnpMSlZpI Look at how the silverback gorilla's behaviour has evolved near the mirrors his family is looking at kzbin.info/www/bejne/hYPFmGacdqplibc Look at how the gorilla family's walking speed increases when they approach a mirror whose location they have memorized kzbin.info/www/bejne/hYPFmGacdqplibc Please do not forget to read the description attached to each of our 180 videos published on our channel kzbin.infovideos

In animals as in humans, self-recognition in a mirror is not innate. It is the result of mirror training, easier at home for young humans with the help of their parents who have done this training and who have the words to explain to their young child the properties of the mirror. Among primates, elephants and felids, in the insecurity of the jungle learning with his parents who have not done this and who do not speak, this is much more difficult even for intelligent individuals. To do this, a gorilla must be exposed to one's reflection many times and examine it quietly: one's face, body and the gestures (attitudes) it copies. While mirror training can be *successful in blackback gorillas* (females, adolescents and children), it is *compromised among silverbacks* where looking another silverback, or its reflection, straight in the eyes is a sign of defiance, an attitude that these peaceful males avoid. To date: only Humans, Orangutans, Chimpanzees, Bonobos, Gorillas (blackback), Rhesus Macaques, Bottlenose Dolphins, Asian Elephants, Orcas, Manta rays, Grey parrots (African/Gabon grey Parrots) and Magpies have shown the ability to recognize their own reflections after an even long training in the mirror for some ones. *No African elephant has so far passed the self recognition test in a mirror. No cat as lion, leopard, tiger or homecat, no dog passed this test.* Please read the description attached to each of my 180 videos published on my KZbin channel you will know very interesting informations about animals reactions front of my mirrors in the jungle kzbin.infovideos

@@XHB06400CANNES ya done now.it was a yes or no question good lord. Smh

*He is simply a great ape very close to man who wants to peacefully repel a rival who has entered his domain. In my description attached to my video, I explain that behavior in silverback gorillas. This silverback gorilla looks at the opposite side of the mirror so as not to challenge the silverback gorilla (its reflection) in the mirror because direct eye contact between two silverback (not among blackback gorillas) means aggression and fighting. So he's trying to avoid a fight.* Keep watching the new videos that I put online on my channel and read the description attached to each one of them. You will know very interesting information about animals reactions front of my mirrors in the jungle : kzbin.infovideos

*In felines, while lions are programmed to live in large family groups (pride), male leopards are genetically programmed to live alone, to live without any female (except during mating periods) and without their own offspring and therefore to be single throughout his life. So this male leopard is a solitary and territorial animal. He occupies a territory that overlaps a few smaller female territories. He doesn't feel alone and dont search an odourless mate. He doesn't need any friend, any lifepartner. **_"This male leopard is not in love with his own image reflected in a mirror in the jungle as Narcissus, an impossibly handsome figure from Greek mythology, fell in love with his own image reflected in a pool of water."_** These mirrors break a certain sameness in his life in the rain forest. Front of them This male leopard behaviour changes from one minute to the next, of desire for company, of desire to fight with a rival, an intruder in his territory who strangely has no smell and is mute. Or maybe this male rubs himself on the mirror because a female leopard in estrus did it earlier leaving her scent? He only meets females during the mating season. To invite the females in heat, he emits a guttural sound called " sawing call ". This call also warns rival males not to enter his domain:* kzbin.info/www/bejne/iH3YpGeYibytnK8 On our KZbin channel kzbin.infovideos are published more than 180 videos captured by our trap cameras fixed in the Gabon jungle. The majority of them show encounters of wild animals with our 6 large mirrors. After watching each of our videos, don't forget to read the description in english attached to learn more about the behaviour of the animals in front of their reflection.

*To intimidate and drive away his reflection in the mirror, his slaps must be very loudly and noisily on the ground. Avoiding looking at it straight into his eyes, a sign of invitation to fight between two silverbacks, he glances at it out of the corner of his eye, stands up in a bipedal position, shows his stature, raises clouds of dust by lateral charges and made very powerful slaps to the ground. Our four-legged cousin, with calluses on his hands and feet, is **_clever_** because in order to avoid hurting himself by hitting the ground very hard with very loud slaps (not punching) to show his power and thus frighten the invader of his domain (his own reflection) and push him to escape, **_he smacks only sandy ground_** with cupped hands (open hands) or with his feet flat.* In my description attached to my video, I explain that behavior in silverback gorillas and the behaviour of other members (blackbacks) of his family. Hit the “show more “ option, I attach a description with more information to each of my 180 videos published on my channel. kzbin.infovideos

*To gorilla lovers, I advise you to watch my following videos published on my channel* kzbin.infovideos *(do not forget after each viewing to read the description attached to each of my videos):* kzbin.info/www/bejne/fHuYoo16jZqKqbc In the Gabon jungle a young male gorilla continues his learning in the mirror long version kzbin.info/www/bejne/Y5SwqnWJYp1qgs0 a blackback gorilla makes some crazy faces at his reflection during learning in the mirror kzbin.info/www/bejne/pau9gKBsbZ18m9E a young male gorilla takes his mirror training seriously (unlike his family - 45 min long version) kzbin.info/www/bejne/amqWiWOlrdhojpY Unlike his family this young gorilla male takes his mirror training seriously in the Gabon jungle kzbin.info/www/bejne/f2Oqiql7eZKZhMk a Young Gorilla Male Keeps on Learning in Mirror in Gabon Jungle, at Night, under Heavy Rainstorm kzbin.info/www/bejne/eWS2gpdnpMSlZpI A Young Gorilla’s Reactions to his Reflections in Mirrors In Gabonese Jungle : a Dancer? a Drummer? kzbin.info/www/bejne/o6LTYWOLqdOZndE Some innate behaviors in this adolescent gorilla are really very close to ours but not all ( Gabon) kzbin.info/www/bejne/p5rUpHmphK-bhtE Baby gorilla is in mirror training class: Mom's coming to pick him up kzbin.info/www/bejne/oX6lpYeDmbyifac Young gorillas learning in the mirror kzbin.info/www/bejne/a5q0gouGjteiqLc Silverback gorilla ignores his reflection kzbin.info/www/bejne/hYPFmGacdqplibc Gabonese Gorilla family all have cool reactions to their mirror reflection except for the silverback kzbin.info/www/bejne/nX6mgnt_lqh6pq8 A silverback gorilla briefly looks his reflection in the eyes and yawns: not tiredness, but arousal!

Chess, *silverback* gorilla style. *Please read my attached description in which I explain the behaviour of this silverback (the head of the family) who avoids direct eye contact with his reflection and the totally different behaviour of his family with their reflection (blackbacks).* Click on the "show more" option, I attach a description to each of my 180 videos published on my KZbin channel, first in English and then in French, and you will learn some very interesting information about the reactions of animals to my mirrors in the jungle* kzbin.infovideos