The Attribute of Light Science Still Can't Explain

[@astrumspace]

If you liked this, you may like my other video on the weirdness of quantum particles here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/bHeznGapgdimhrM Also, thanks to Babbel for sponsoring today's video. Get 60% off your Babbel subscription: go.babbel.com/t?bsc=1200m60-youtube-astrum-jun-2023&btp=default&KZbin&Influencer..astrum..USA..KZbin

[@charlesbrightman4237]

QUESTIONS (Photons): Okay, 'wavelength' and 'frequency' appear to exist: 'Wavelength': How long the photon is in 'space'. 'Frequency': How many cycles per second in 'space'. 1. What exactly is 'space' that the photon exists in, OR does the photon itself make up 'space'? 2. What exactly is 'time' that there can be 'cycles per second'? 3. A photon is usually depicted in a sine wave pattern with the 'e' and 'm' energy fields 90 degrees to each other. The 'e' and 'm' energy fields go out together and come back in together, over and over and over, doing so even across the vast universe as far as we can see. Where does the energy in the energy fields go when both the 'e' and 'm' energy fields go to zero? And what causes the 'e' and 'm' energy fields to come back to 'full' from zero? Over and over again over vast distances.

[@franciscooyarzun2637]

You did not mention orbital angular momentum: the weirdest of all (IMO) !

[@Kaydin66]

"Light behaves differently when you're not looking at it." This is false. You're spreading unscientific views for clicks. Do better. This is your job.

[@StephenGillie]

If you're not even going to research Thomas Young's experiment, then it's Just Another Bad Science Video. The reason our math describes waves instead of particles is because our mathematicians gave up trying to find other ways, and instead spent their time trying to prove or disprove Einstein. Physicists need to do more physics, historians need to learn more history, and DJs gotta dance more.

[@joshpage4547]

What if light isn't actually moving from place to place as a photon and rather it is vibrating a particle-like point in static space, this would enable both particle and wave behavior. The path of light would be a coalescing wave of vibrations (frequency) from particle to particle.

[@blackshard641]

The creepiest part of all this is what the delayed choice experiments seem to prove: reality not only waits to "decide" a particle's properties until an interaction takes place, it then *retroactively* rewrites past uncertainties so everything remains consistent. The universe is constantly error-checking itself with a mechanism not bound by the arrow of time the same way that we are. We're caught up in the current that flows from past to future, but information itself ripples out in both (all?) temporal directions.

[@10418]

True, because time doesn’t exist and if so, is more like a layer

[@ominous-omnipresent-they]

​@@10418 Time exists; it's just relative.

[@jmc22475]

Or the future is predetermined

[@andoapata2216]

This simulation uses recursion to simplify rendering reality , a common software solution .

[@blackshard641]

@@nadsenoj8719 what kind of "similar effect" do you mean, though? It sounds like you're trying to describe some kind of hidden variable relationship with the wave function acting as a mediator. Okay, but how? The problem is that the wave function, this math we can use to accurately describe the correlated relationship between entangled particles... we don't know what it represents in physical reality. Whether the math is merely descriptive of something deeper, or the wave function actually does represent some kind of causal thing in the world, it must be describing something real, right? (The phrase "probability waves" frankly sounds to me like Descartes's claim that a nonphysical soul controls our physical body: mystical nonsense masquerading as an explanation.) The nonlocal nature of the wave function cries out for explanation. Either it connects phenomena instantly across space, making space somehow unreal, or it isn't bound by time. Personally, I think we have a lot more reasons to think time's arrow only applies to macroscopic objects than to think distance isn't real except that it also is. But that's me.

[@ncb5455]

Have seen dozens of explanations of the two-slit experiment and every single time walked away unconvinced I actually understood it. Until this video. Top notch stuff as always.

[@UpperDarbyDetailing]

Answers with Joe has a good video on it too

[@thebogsofmordor7356]

This was a darn good explanation!

[@BigWhoopZH]

Me too, but I still prefer double slit experiments conducted in the bedroom.

[@alexbrestowski4131]

Definitely took me a few different explanations until I felt like I had a good understanding of the double slit

[@whermanntx]

The problem with the way people explain it is they don't tell you how the detector interacts with the photon as it passes through its respective slit. It's only able to detect it because it interacted with the photon in some way, collapsing it's wave probability function into a deterministic one. The detectors aren't some magic devices that can see a photon pass through without interfering with the photon.

[@stevemawer848]

There's clearly more to light than meets the eye! 🙂 Excellent video, thanks.

[@HypnosisBear]

Nice Pun! Made my day! Thank you!

[@davideaston1139]

Firstly NO ONE ever see's light, only illumination, second, the mathematicians in the cult of bumping particles have NEVER defined what energy is and have NEVER defined what a field is, they don't understand what light is or does, get yourself over to uncle Kenny at Theoria Apophasis if you want to really know what light is...otherwise you can stay ignorant

[@craig7350]

.. that gave me a warm feeling all over.

[@mozzjones6943]

@@HypnosisBear He used that pun in the video

[@richardlazo7585]

Yep, light is a transformer!

[@Juss_Chillin]

This is BY FAR the absolute best explenation video of this whole topic I have ever seen! Insane work!

[@musicalcontessa4275]

Agree!!!!!

[@calicoesblue4703]

Facts💯💯💯

[@skhotzim_bacon]

I wouldn't necessarily consider it the best explanation. He made certain errors regarding the double-slit experiment, and he presented incorrect probabilities for the three-polarizer paradox. I would describe it as a fair overview of various light-related topics, but there is room for improvement

[@christianpulido8360]

​@@calicoesblue4703 Science experiments are models based on assumptions with simplified calculations and left out data. Thank you for your opinions.

[@calicoesblue4703]

@@skhotzim_bacon What was incorrect about the double split experiment???

[@xyzabc4574]

That's exactly how I'd code light to behave if I were trying to program a universe simulator. Cuts down on the amount of calculations you have to do if you can get away with just being a wave of probability most of the time. No need to render something that isn't being used by the simulation.

[@elio7610]

I don't see how there is any difference in rendering, either way, the only part we observe is the interaction, which occurs just as much when the end point is random.

[@prolamer7]

I just hope universe isnt "school" project..

[@bagzhansadvakassov1093]

If you do a lot of math you see a world as math objects. Same for coding.

[@Cyphall]

If this isn't yet another hint that our universe is an highly optimized simulation, then idk what it is

[@whataniSoar]

@@Cyphall it's really more of a hint of how little we know more than anything

[@firstnlastnamethe3rd771]

I always learn something new on your channel, but this episode was especially illuminating.

[@astrumspace]

Ohhhhh

[@maryannedwards5424]

"illuminating" "Ha . . Ha . . Ha" Very good grasshopper . . 🙆💕😻🫂🌹

[@UpperDarbyDetailing]

So how old is your kid?

[@firstnlastnamethe3rd771]

@@UpperDarbyDetailing Yeah, that one sounded like a dad joke to me too.

[@code1017]

I’m not a complete idiot when it comes to this but very far from any advanced college level stuff. So for me personally, you described and animated the double slit experiment in a way that made it easier to completely grasp. So thanks for that! 👏🏼 also I’ve never heard of the experiment with the polar lenses. So amazing to think about and mind blowing! Keep up the good vids 👌

[@michael.forkert]

_Any Speed is obtained by measuring the distance first and dividing it by the time an object took to cover that distance. Therefore it is impossible to have obtained 299 792 458 m / s for the Speed of Light. That speed could only be obtained by predetermine a distance for the segment multiple of 10 (300,000,000 meters for example) A->B to be covered by the object, and after that measuring the amount of time the object has covered the predetermined distance A->B (300.000.000 meters) starting your timing device as the object passes A (zero) and stopping your timing device as the object reaches B (300.000.000 meters). Nobody has ever done that, i.e nobody has predetermined the distance 300.000.000 meters in beforehand to reach the conclusion that the light has covered 299 792 458 meters in one second, that’s impossible. The Speed of Light is an Invention created by bamboozlers. And if The Speed of Light in fact existed, it wouldn’t make any difference at all._

[@Acoustic-Rabbit-Hole]

Also, be aware that we were taught wrong by the scientific community, which suffered form the pressures of conformity. There is no such thing as a photon. A photon is not a "particle" emitting from the sun. Rather, it is a wave-form measurement of the ether being essentially “magnetized” by the sun. We ultimately perceive warming sunlight as a visual (color), but really, there is no "light" per se; the sun is merely “warming” the etheric fabric of space around it. We are seeing a sort of musical vibration. To some degree, in some SENSE, the ether IS the light. We are eternally and intrinsically bathed IN the light. I talk about the nature of color and music on my uTube channel here, of the same name: The Acoustic Rabbit Hole. God Bless.

[@adrianbik3366]

​@@michael.forkertThe only bamboozler that I can see here is you. Nobody measured the speed of light by letting it travel across a distance and measuring how long that took it. There are many other ways to do it like deducing it from it's wavelength, knowing that it's constant. You're using fancy numbers and weird reasoning to trick people into forgetting their common sense

[@michael.forkert]

@@adrianbik3366 _In 1676, the Danish astronomer Ole Roemer (1644-1710) became the first person to measure the speed of light. Roemer measured the speed of light by timing eclipses of Jupiter's moon Io._ _Even to measure a speed of a wave, it’s conditio sine qua non to have measured the cycle, or the length of the wave first._ _Hz is the physical quantity which measures the speed of a wave, or cycles per second. If you don’t know the wave length first, you cannot obtain its velocity as well._ _Velocity (any velocity) is distance divided by time. If you don’t the have measured the distance first, it’s impossible to determine in what span of time an object has covered an unknown distance._

[@michael.forkert]

@@adrianbik3366 *You're using fancy numbers and weird reasoning to trick people into forgetting their common sense* _Nope, exactly the contrary, I’m using THEIR fancy numbers and weird reasoning to retrieve the common sense, which THEY, the pseudoscientific bamboozlers, have erased from people’s minds._ _If you desire to reason or ponder about fancy numbers and absurd reasoning, I recommend you to start with: The diameter of the the “observable universe” is 93 BILLION light years long._ _To spare your time from doing the math, I’ve translated this distance to kilometers and miles ._ _93 billion light years are 8.7986e+20 km , or if you prefer 8.79 SEPTILLION KILOMETERS. (If you desire to transform that distance to miles, just divide 8.79 septillion kilometers by 1.609)._

[@cornishcactus]

I heard ages ago that light always takes the shortest path between two points. Refraction IIRC was caused by light slowing down in the medium of water but it bends in such a way that it still finds the quickest path to it's destination. Gravitational lensing is caused by light taking the quickest possible route which still happens to be being bent in spacetime around a gravitational object. This almost implies light knows it's destination.

[@jameshughes6078]

3 blue one brown just came out with a great video on refraction/change of speed in media, highly recommend checking it out

[@brandonhealy7158]

What is light’s destination? That is very poignant and thought-provoking, that it already knows it’s destination before it embarks on its journey.. very scary and otherworldly indeed. 😦

[@watema3381]

@@brandonhealy7158God is Light, it's literally written. Light is everywhere, in one shape or another

[@annoyingbstard9407]

If I throw a stone hard enough the same applies. So a stone knows where it’s going too.

[@kaylamorris283]

The recent time slit experiment pretty much showed that light is, in a sense going into the future mapping its path then taking it. The journal article was published I think the beginning of this year

[@TheRealReVeLaTioN]

So light acts like children, it “behaves” when being watched but all over the place when not. 😆

[@jobeyene3342]

Ha ha ha ,this comment is very good one !!

[@MikeBUSA]

Just to be clear, photons (light) are not the only particles that behave this way through the double slit experiment. This has been demonstrated with electrons, neutrons, atoms, and even some molecules. Also, if you move those detectors right at the detection screen and leave them off until after the particle passes through the slits, but turn them on just before the particle hits the detector, you get the exact same results. This is mind blowing. It's almost like the particle goes back in time.

[@akgonen60]

i seen that on a vided once .. if you were to send a electron thru the slits it enters the slits leaving the gun as a wave but the second yoiu observe the wave before it hits the wall or before it hit the slits the electrons become particle not only before they hit the sliuts but they ended up leaving THE GUN as a particle ... so the electrons almost instantly went back intime before it even left the gun to appear as a particle just insane

[@blugreen99]

Delayed choice xpt debunked by Sabine Hossenfelder

[@wlockuz4467]

How would you turn on the detector just before the particle hit the detector? Wouldn't you have to perform that action faster than speed of light for it to actually work?

[@MikeBUSA]

@@wlockuz4467 , no - not at all. Electronics are super fast now. There is a finite amount of time it takes the particle to leave the source, through the slits, and reach the detector. It's fast, but not so fast they can't switch quickly enough. It's called the delayed choice experiment - not to be confused with the delayed choice quantum eraser. The simpler setup only deals with one particle - not an entangled pair where there is some dispute about those results.

[@rohitkhanna]

@@wlockuz4467 No. Think about it........

[@urath55]

In one of my first lectures in my chemistry studies we learned that everything falls under this wave-particle duality (or quantum probabilities if you want to call it that), but the heavier it gets, the less likely it is to behave like a wave. So in theory, we humans could also walk through two doors at the same time and interfere with ourselves, though to be fair the probability is relatively small (:

[@Arlecchino_Gatto]

I have done that before.

[@blackshard641]

Do we know if the probability is actually tied to mass (heaviness)? Or is it particle count? I always assumed the latter (the more particles, the greater the quantum decoherence).

[@GerardMenvussa]

Time to go on a diet...

[@MCDainter]

Yeah lol but dont forget that the wavelength of a human compared to our size is -10^30's so our wavelike propeties are miniscule.

[@Extremebiker0]

​@@blackshard641very hard for you to pass through a doorway without having a detectable effect on the surroundings. Footsteps in the carpet, movements in the air, etc. This is the trick the photon is pulling which allows it to pass 2 slits - no measurable effect on its surroundings. Because massive objects have a gravitational effect it gets very difficult to move them around without them having a measurable effect

[@daviga1]

Is the slit experiment performed in air or a vaccum and is there a difference?

[@winningjubbly9712]

If I was a lonely man travelling in my lonely spaceship with only a cat for company, I'd want my ship's AI to have this narrator's voice. It's such a friendly voice I honestly think it would stave off depression. Everything would always be awesome and excellent!

[@SteveLevy-ld7hl]

the amount of tiMes i have heard dis sonG..EyE had a dream🕉WoW dis is live...whAt w00d you Say..2 your Selfish selF....if EyE Could tiMe...888 inFinty with da ...tiMe traVller spAce tiMe continue ATAR🕉🕉🕉 aNd thEn my b00k...

[@FolkLoreSaint]

😂

[@kenkioqqo]

Someone's watched too much Sci-Fi 😅.

[@Smedley1947]

Open the pod bay door, HAL. I'm sorry, Dave , but I can't do that.

[@ceejayc6502]

Very specific scenario, Dr. Strange!

[@pbowes5]

Best theory I’ve heard on this is that this is a logical and clear sign that the universe is designed. You can call it Creative Design or a Simulation but clearly something in the code is programmed to care whether humans observe. If you were to design a world there wouldn’t be any need to constantly keep the entire universe loaded. Like a video game, you could save almost infinite memory and energy by only loading aspects when they are observed.

[@misterbonzoid5623]

Or our models aren't accurate enough to explain such paradoxes.

[@pbowes5]

@@misterbonzoid5623 the studies confirming the observation effect is clearly telling us something. Short of God coming down from the clouds this is a pretty big clue

[@Kwauhn.]

I love your cosmology videos, but I'm especially loving your videos that branch out into other areas of physics!

[@astrumspace]

Thank you! I do try and keep it space related still. If we as viewers don't really understand light, then we won't understand the cosmos.

[@1112viggo]

The great thing about physics is that everything branches out into everything else. When it seem that it doesn't, that´s a clue we have something new to discover about reality.

[@Deltexterity]

@@astrumspace for what it's worth, i really liked this change of pace and would love to see more of it!

[@theklaus7436]

One of my favourite shows! I read physics years ago and jumped to music- so now I’m catching up on physics. I listen to almost every single show there is! Amazing to be honest

[@lifefordummies]

I feel like if we can ever figure out light it will unlock the greatest inventions of our species

[@GregoryJByrne]

magnetism. Explain to me how the New moon is lit when it is on the sun's side of the earth. Because the New Moon is on the centre of the galaxies side which either pulls or powers the earth's double torus magnetosphere out lighting the new moon. The New Moon is also the cause trigger that pulls Noah's floods out & around the [planet. You are are not God's. You can no more change the climate of this planet than you can change your God given gender. The precession of the Sun's shadow equinoxes not you or CO2 is causing these the climate change END TIMES Jesus warned us about with the Mystery of the 7 stars he held in his hand. Which we as disciples are supposed to use our double edged sword/tongue to warn humanity.

[@xenan1260]

And even Gravity*

[@awen9164]

We made wine enturies ago

[@jedison2441]

@@awen9164 Exactly how many enturies ago?

[@persona250]

@@xenan1260light , time and gravity all linked , solve one

[@br3nto]

8:14 how do you both detect a photon, but also let it pass through slit unobstructed? Maybe the interference went away because the system changed, rather than it being observed? Also I’ve never seen this demonstrated in practice. Only ever animations… can you link to a vid showing the interference going away in real life?

[@brunoborma]

If they still didn't know if a photon was really a particle or a discrete wave-like stuff, how did they know they were shooting "one" at a time ?

[@dazzassti]

Because when light is received at the point of mass then the wave function collapses to be a single photon (think discrete energy value). If you attenuate the light (filter) to the point where there’s no light then you’re at single photon intensity. That’s without going any deeper. I’ve been at this years and still it’s insane. Only recently I discovered a new take on this by a YT channel Huygens optics, I’ve been trying to figure out how long a photon is and so had he. Basically photons in flight are everywhere until they collapse.

[@tykemorris]

They dial down the intensity until it flickers. The flicker indicates quantum packets of light energy alternating with empty space. They have a single photon. Dialing down further only adds longer periods of no light with exactly similar photons. Remember, when they have a detector at one of the slits, it does not interfere with itself or behave like a wave. So why would it act like a single point if it was a wave of multiple photons?

[@kingcosworth2643]

I agree, how do they know. If it is just attenuation, are the sending a single 'photon' or are they sending a single cycle of light, like pulsing a speaker.

[@kingcosworth2643]

@@tykemorris Maybe it is just a single cycle of light, there can be no interference if there is no other waves to interfere with. A 360degree cycle will not interfere with any other waves, but it can be confusing (such as these experiments end up) if there are reflections or impedance issues because even if you only send a 360deg cycle, reflections will be created at which point interference can occur even from a single pulse.

[@johnramirez5032]

​@@dazzasstiperhaps light is a spiral and not a wave? It wierd to think its both until observed. Makes no sense. Everthing is energy i hear. I also hear everything is data so is light smart data. Light can carry information. Does everything come from light? Perhaps light is God. I hear god is everywhere all the time. So what is esp? A collection of data. When we see things in our head do we use light? Energy? We dont seem to know alot when it comes to spooky action . Mabe thats a good thing. We might get bored if we knew it all. What is our sole made of ? If you believe we have a sole im guessing its intellegent light.

[@ngaourapahoe]

I went through the tumbler, had chills, my jaw dropped multiple times and I am in awe. This is better than magic.

[@TerribleShmeltingAccident]

For sure, the truth is much stranger than fiction

[@catdeme454]

it is what magic is really and knowing how to manipulate it, direct it............becomes a science. That is why the best sorcerers are scientists.

[@Overitall805]

There is much much more going on at the quantum level than we have an awareness of yet.

[@DanielVerberne]

I've never properly understood what is meant by 'observing' a quantum property. What constitutes an observer? A device? A human at end of said device? A randomly-thrown die mapped to the use of a device? I realise much of this is statistical, but doesn't mean I find any of them quantum world satisfying.

[@Pyriold]

@@DanielVerberne The term observer is misleading. Really, any interaction counts as an observer as far as i know.

[@thekidwhodraws]

@@DanielVerberne in order to “observe” a photon, you have to absorb some of its energy. It has to be reoriented by your sensor or absorbed by your eyeball or redirected by a surface, all of which change the quantum properties of that photon. So once you “observe” the photon, you have altered its properties, and it has been changed. It has nothing to do with consciousness, which is why it doesn’t matter if it’s observed by a sensor or a person or even an interaction with another particle

[@SteedRuckus]

@@thekidwhodraws that's a really great explanation of that concept, which isn't exactly inherently understandable when the words "observe* or "observer" are involved.

[@nocantry]

I love an educator who acknowledges the fact that we don't know the full picture. Paradoxically, it makes them more reputable in my eyes.

[@willchoice7681]

no you just like feeling better about being ignorant

[@TheBinaryUniverse]

I prefer one who has more answers

[@DarkmoonUK]

You're the scientific one, the other two comments are immature. No space to learn if you don't acknowledge the gaps. That's where religion comes unstuck.

[@GarthWatkins-th3jt]

Right. Gives us Barabbas, crucify the heretic, gives us the notorious murderer!¡!¡! Crucify the truth! Or, give us an answer as long as it doesn't conflict with our stunted, flawed thinking. Having said that, don't presume to know other people's minds. You could be incorrect. If you weren't there when something happened, did it even happen? Can we rely on ANY information relating to our history? Maybe. Some things more, some less. The very idea that observing an experiment changes the results is, to me, an important answer to a broader question....

[@Rocksite1]

What's paradoxical about that? Here's a quote by Einstein: ""The more I learn, the more I realize how much I don't know." A key part of science is questioning beliefs and foundations. All detours aren't necessarily productive, but the ones that are, can be breakthroughs; and technology doesn't progress without them. Now if science could progress more readily in directions other than favored by tyrannical oligarchs ...

[@sophiaisabelle01]

This channel is always the best at what they do. We wish them well.

[@andreapacumaro1616]

There’s another one: SEA

[@GraveyardTricks]

Every channel is the best at what they do, because they're the only ones doing it.

[@BruceWayne15325]

It sounds like light and water have a lot in common, just on a much smaller scale. I suspect that light, like water, is attracted to pretty much everything, which is why observing it would make a difference. If light photons, like water droplets are not actually an atomic unit, but rather a collection of attracted objects then it can move in a wave, or as long as nothing interferes with it, act like a particle.

[@Fatdog-Dakind]

It's something to do with going through the slit has an effect on the photon somehow creating a harmonic effect. The wave part of the photon seems to react like a 3rd or 5th harmonic that we see in radio waves huh? No slit, no effect right?

[@andrewmueller8803]

I am also curious about the single photon going thru a single slit. I was also thinking of the radio wave double slit experiment. does it act the same?

[@Fatdog-Dakind]

@@andrewmueller8803 Interesting huh? It's probably the same effect! It's like when you mix two frequesncies togther you can make a completely new frequency... the same with light too huh!

[@jasondashney]

My brain has such a hard time imagining "smallest". If it's something, then how can you not cut it in half? I remember first thinking about this when I was about 4 while watching an ant walk. I thought about how tiny it was and then thought about an ant half the size, or that ant cut in half. Then cut it in half. Then cut it in half. I'm very doubtful we've gotten to the bottom of "smallest".

[@BruceWayne15325]

@@jasondashney the simple answer is that we don't know if there is such a thing a smallest or not. Every time that we think we have found the smallest thing possible, we find that there is something smaller yet. We used to think that atoms were the smallest thing, then we discovered subatomic particles. I suppose it depends on how fine the fabric of space time really is. Is it infinitely fine, or is there a super fine, but finite limit to it? Some research has implied that it might be finite, hence the universe is a hologram hypothesis. I don't tend to agree with that hypothesis, but it illustrates the point.

[@larrywalsh9939]

Very illuminating, no pun intended. Before I watched this video, I didn't know much about light - now, I still don't know much about light but at least I have a clearer picture of the sheer depths of my lack of understanding.

[@katiekawaii]

I've watched approximately three million videos on this topic, and I think this one is the clearest I've seen. You're an excellent storyteller, and you communicate these complex experiments and their findings like a perfectly crafted story. It's brilliant.

[@ChemistTea]

Doubts

[@Trippyricky69]

No Doubt that this is the first one you’ve watched

[@TheDavidlloydjones]

It is nothing of the sort, Katie. It is perfectly routine, with stupid spots. You need to get out more and see competent lecturers.

[@cforchex]

I've watched approximately '3,000,000 videos on this topic' - that's actually funny

[@cewilk00]

The probability is 3 million. It collapses to a smaller, more precise number upon observation. My results concur.😂

[@markdavid7013]

There has to be deeper understanding of universe at it's fundamental level that we simply don't posses..

[@Beanskiiii]

That pretty much goes without saying

[@Pair-O-Bulls]

Don't speak for everyone please. Some of us understand it perfectly well thank you

[@1234kingconan]

It’s probably to save memory. In video games when you don’t look at stuff they render it with less detail or just don’t render it at all. If you quickly turn around sometimes they all ragdoll fall onto the ground, because the game didn’t save their positions and continue to render them. So maybe the universe is saving memory by not rendering anything until it’s observed.

[@jasondashney]

Abut 30 years ago I read a book about the holographic theory of the universe. Same concept. The universe doesn't exist until you perceive it. What's behind you.....isn't, until it's observed.

[@yehor_ivanov]

@@jasondashney the classic buddhistic principle, actually! "if a tree falls.." - U can google the rest)

[@paradiselost9946]

@@jasondashneyso what do blind people experience? and what about blind AND deaf?

[@jasondashney]

@@paradiselost9946 I did say perceive and observe. I didn't say see. Of course I'm being pedantic because if I'm referring to what's behind me, I'm definitely referring to sight, but you're being pedantic as well so I will point out that both perceive and observe are not limited to the visual realm. Observation just means you sensed it. So does perceive.

[@neodonkey]

​@@jasondashney I've never been convinced by this argument about the observation being anything to do with consciousness. I think its more any interaction with objects - the universe didn't just pop in a current state after the first thing evolved to perceive it (and if it didn't exist, nothing would have been able to evolve). The stones and rocks were all lying around on the earth for millions of years and physics continued to work just fine.

[@BluephsBlog]

I think the reason particles behave differently when looked at compared to when not is that we are "looking" at captured moments of time while reality doesn't exist in separate moments.

[@sunnyboy4553]

Thank you!!!

[@asmemeas]

Yeah in a sense all possible combinations exist its just we only get to observe and experience one path but at the same time we're almost woven into every other possible outcome. I guess that's why I love the many worlds theory. Just thinking about how it could be possible we exist outside ourselves and are constantly experiencing ever moment that's ever happened simultaneously is just such a fun mind tickle. Now I might just be high talking out my ass and rambling but these type of thoughts are so interesting to explore.

[@Akiramaster]

measured, not looked at. You interfere/interact with the wave. It's not magic...

[@ElyziumPrime]

We just live in a simulation lol

[@johnramirez5032]

I think your really close to the truth. Reality is.....? The past is but a record. The future is but an idea or dream. Reality is creation in motion. I have a saying. We dream the life we live. Its odd to most people unless they think like i do. In any case does it matter ? Do today what you will be happy with tomorrow. Its odd ....the past. It doesn't exist yet we place so much value in it.

[@floffycatto6475]

This makes me think of a Slo Mo Guys episode when they went to a lab where scientists were using the world's fastest cameras to capture light in movement.

[@quantisedspace7047]

How pray do they do that ? To see a photon, you have to be looking along its path, thus blocking it. You can't see light 'in transit' because that would involve a sideways view, and you see nothing if looking at a photon from the side wrt ita dirn of travel.

[@roymcroberts8683]

I've seen a bunch of videos about this and I can honestly say this one made it the easiest to understand I've ever seen. Great job guys.

[@JaroslawFiliochowski]

5:20 This part sounds wrong. Photons "are" the packets, they are not "made of packets".

[@XD152awesomeness]

I’ve heard the polarizing lens experiment explained before, but this video did it so much better

[@DanielVerberne]

I've heard some scientists don't actually support that experiment. It's proven to be quite ... polarizing 😁

[@milenamilena4495]

the only benefit of the polarizing experiment is to gain understanding for how multilateral and multichannel and diversely vibrating a natural light is. It's the package not the parts

[@sebastianjovancic9814]

My tip to anyone puzzled by the duality: don't be concerned with it, it's a semantic trap. There's no truly satisfying definition of a particle, it just "feels" more intuitive to us, while we have a very well defined meaning of what a wave is, so if you take something specific and try to square it with something vague you're just asking for generations of confusion. If I would try to square it the best I could, the best definition of a particle I have heard is Wigners defintion, which roughly says "A particle is at a minimum an irreducible representation of the Poincaré group". If you're not familiar with group theory, that definition is probably a load of gobbledegook and nothing of what I'm about to say is really going to feel any better. But suffice to say, nothing in that definition really precludes any wavelike behaviour of a particle, in fact the algebraic structure of the Poincaré group is specifically a group for a relativistic field theory! In less gobbledygooky terms, the best way of understanding what a particle is, is by using fields within which waves (perturbations of the field) propagate! Even more specifically, particles are all the unique ways this field can be changed while preserving the laws of physics. All waves are carried by some kind of (quasi)particle, every particle propagates by means of some wave (assuming you believe in quantum mechanics). Any duality is a red herring, just like the mind-body duality!

[@milenamilena4495]

agree, and the way you describe it - doesn't it apply to society, same wave movements defines by a quasi particle (a leader), on every scale same process?

[@engineerahmed7248]

We can discern a correlation: the smaller the wavelength, more pronounced particle-like behaviour & the greater the mass carried by light. Upon observation, the observer photon fuses with the original photon, augmenting its mass. Consequently, the resulting, more massive photon tends to manifest itself more as a particle, mirroring the behaviour observed when gamma rays fuse into particles like electrons. This deduction offers an elegant explanation for the intricacies of mass-particle duality without invoking Einstein's theories.

[@laurapope3685]

Thank you so much for putting out another great video! I really enjoyed learning from it and I can't wait for the next one!

[@jamesdonalfaulkner]

Likewise - or should I say "lightwise"?

[@jeffclarkofclarklesparkle3103]

This paradox always makes me wonder what the effect is on galaxies very far away when we look at them with telescopes, compared to the ones we can not see or haven't observed yet. Does our looking at them change them somehow? Have others observed our galaxy in the past and changed things here? So many questions arise from this conundrum it makes my brain tingle

[@ammi7462]

If you don't exchange information with those who observed the universe/galaxy in the past, it will not matter, as they will be a part of the probabilistic wave function. It is truly strange, and also makes you question time. A wave is bound by time: For waves to make interference patterns (destructive or constructive), it needs to happen at a certain place and at a certain time. But when we shoot single particles one at a time, and it still makes an interference pattern, it is as if those single particles interferred with eachother backwards and forward in time - so in that sense - the quantum world is timeless. Everything is somehow happening all at once, but we who observe it see it as probabilites. Now, it seems the wave function does not callapse unless something "conscious" is observing it, either directly or indirectly with sensors or an array of sensors. In another experiment which has been conducted and reproduced several times, a quamtum dice which gave either 1 or 0 (50/50 probability) would be affected if the observer whished for either 1's or 0's...so in those cases, the observerer was creating and directing reality, most mind fucking.

[@keichannnn]

the single photon experiment, all these youtube videos only has animation and no proof

[@KibyNykraft]

The newest Webb images from the better telescope than the Hubble one shows very clearly that the galaxies far away are orbiting a centre. You can see that from their shapes and how they are stacked up formationwise. They look like they are boats in an eddy like a whirlpool of water. This is a proof of a multiverse, that on all levels there are entities orbiting a centre of some form. (And a big problem for the big bang concept as a "start of all from a nothing, which to me sounds mostly like christian doctines /creationist cosmology)

[@KibyNykraft]

@@keichannnn there are many pseudoscience videos posting as science with no skeptical evaluation behind the thinking, sadly... Each traveller has its own experience perspective but acts physically with whatever other physical regardless of the senses. Stand ahead of a bus in high speed. Have all your senses inactivated as much as possible. No change, the bus will hit exactly the same way. Your observation has no effect on the outside world. It exists 100 percent independent of your senses. Light are just massless particles, but the bus is made up of particles. In principle no difference here.

[@FensterwischerX]

You can not observe photons at their location in other galaxies and therefore not change anything by observing. You see what already happened since the photon needs time to move towards you.

[@Highlander515]

Great video I thoroughly enjoyed watching and learned from. One suggestion I have is at 4:42, some explanation of intensity vs frequency would help audience understand their differences and the resulting effects of changing them.

[@MrTwisted003]

I agree, I wondered how many would understand the difference and what they entailed. For a sec I even thought I reversed them until he finished his sentence.

[@MrTwisted003]

@@BobbyT-yj1cw yea, i know the difference. Just as i thought about it i wondered if others did too. There was a time i didn't. Just suggested more detail from good vids like this gets more people the correct education, something 99.9% of the internet lacks.

[@Gerardo-n7q]

Genesis chapter one 😊

[@nilsp9426]

I think light is a great example of an epistemiological problem with mathematical models of nature. We observe an attribute of an object. Then we theorize about it and make a model. If the model predicts a lot of outcomes of various experiments, we are happy to say that it is a very good representation of the object. But there is no logical way to say that the nature of the object actually is what we describe in the model, because empirical research does not identify objects, it just describes them. Logically and epistemiologically it is actually increadibly hard to fully support statements of the form "X is Y", such as "Light is a wave". But we can easily say "If light were a wave, it would show the properties we observe."

[@silentwitness9255]

Do you mean epistemological; as in words and language? Using one phenomenon to represent another moves us into the symbolic. Science and philosophy kiss again.

[@stainsmelly]

No one takes into account the thickness of the partition with slits. I think they can't all go through at a perfectly perpendicular angle . And a % actually ricochet off the slits frame opening. Because they are spherical particals . Like shooting a million tiny balls down a hall way. How many will interact with the walls and redirect their trajectory... a %

[@DaniusUrbanas]

Amazing explanation about polarizers. I was very bothered by that. Especially having in kind that I am a photographer... First video I saw about it that actually explained it...

[@OctagonalSquare]

I love that the polarized lens rotation example can be done at home and you can visually see the results. Literally just need 2 pairs of 3D glasses. The double slit and such can kinda be done, but normal people don’t have the ability to observe photons to make it exhibit a discrete value.

[@jeremiahlethoba8254]

Also, the 3 polarizer paradox is in effect on you phone's LCD screen now. The liquid crystal (LC) is sandwiched between 2 linear polarizers and acts like the 3rd polarizer in the middle in the 3PP example (except it functions as billions of polarizers sandwiched between 2 polirizing filters)...the purpose of the LC is to vary the intensity of the 3 RGB LED's for pixels in at least 256 ways to produce images in all digital devices 😊

[@OctagonalSquare]

@@jeremiahlethoba8254 yeah but you can’t personally interact with it in a way you can get to see it work

[@misterlyle.]

Regular sunglasses that are polarized will behave this way. Whenever I buy new sunglasses, this is how I verify at the store they are actually polarized and not just tinted. So that means the three lens activity should also work.

[@quantisedspace7047]

Can't see what's so surprising about the three polarising filters: Everybody is taking the word 'filter' literally. A polariser lets light through by twisting it if the incoming is within its acceptable range. If you try to stuff a piece of card through a horizontal slot and the card is say 45 degrees, what's going to happen? Half the time, the act of insertion will realign the card and half the time it'll just get crumpled. Try to put it through at 90 degrees and it won't go at all. Put two opposing polarisers in series and the first will twist any incoming out of range of acceptance by the second. Interpose a third polariser between the two, and some of the light will get twisted into that plane, which will then be in the acceptance range for the final polariser. This isn't mysterious; it's exactly what I'd expect to happen. It would help if people stoped referring to polarisers as 'filters': they twist rather than block.

[@KiraandtheSurvivalPod]

This is one of the best KZbin videos I've ever seen. Really interesting content. Great voice. Great teaching. It's nice and calm. I get overstimulated on other KZbin videos and this one is perfect. Thank you!

[@bretthanes337]

Great video! Strangely, first time I’ve heard of the triple polarizer problem. Very cool. 🤓

[@fredfarquar8301]

I wish you had mentioned the experiment performed with light by a graduate student. He realized that, while the double slit test with electrons showed that particles also can behave as waves, the same test of waves had not been done. So he did it. He set up a laser, sent the beam through a beam-splitter, then each of those beams through beam-splitters, and sent both pairs of beams into two interferometers, setting up interference patterns in each. Then he blocked ONE of the four final beams….and BOTH interference patterns disappeared! This proved both quantum entanglement (if some of the photons were disallowed to interact as waves, ALL the photons from the same source could not interact as waves!), and that, while matter cannot move at the speed of light or faster, information CAN! And also casts a shadow on the notion of cause and effect!

[@fonesrphunny7242]

Is there a link to the source or video?

[@fredfarquar8301]

@@fonesrphunny7242 I used to have the citation, but doubt I could locate it now. The experiment was performed and reported in 1991 or 1992, and was reported in Physics Review or Physics Letters or something like that. Google it, maybe?

[@f0xygem]

Ever since Webb went up, I have been wondering about what happens to photons when they finally hit a target. When they can no longer remain photons, what do they turn into? Do they reliably turn into the same particles or subatomic particles all the time, or are there different configurations? And it just occurred to me that light traveling without hitting a target would travel Infinitely; could that photon accelerate as the rest of the universe does, even if very slightly, in a way that would be very difficult to measure? I would like to share a funny story with you. When my son was a toddler I got a series of science tapes from school district: photosynthesis, the Krebs cycle, and wave-particle duality. A few years later my son saw me play one of these tapes again, and he exclaimed, "Oh, my baby cartoons!" 😅

[@FensterwischerX]

When photons hit a target their energy is transfered to the target. They actually "hit" it like a mass and can even move objects. I don't think the photon turns into anything since it is only moving energy. Fun fact: Everything moves at its speed for ever unless a force changes the velocity. Not only light. Light moves with the speed of light "c". That does not make it harder to measure.

[@nmarbletoe8210]

baby cartoons! nice i think Fenst. is right, when the photon hits it can simply add to the internal energy of the material it hits, e.g., it could heat up an asteroid slightly the photon traveling infinitely would always go the same speed relative to things it passes, but compared to the light bulb where it started it will go faster and faster due to expansion

[@duprie37]

It's so incredibly cool that I can actually see all the weirdness of quantum mechanics at work in my bedroom with just a couple of polarised sunglasses.

[@WarmWeatherGuy]

@astrumspace Niels Bohr claimed that wave-like and particle-like properties of light cannot both be observed in a single experiment. In 2004 Shahriar Afshar came up with an experiment that shows both properties at once. Hopefully you will include his experiment in the next video you make about light.

[@solo-ion3633]

This is the best explanation of the 2-slit problem I've seen.

[@alejandrorincon5649]

Hands down!

[@The_Ultimate_Ground_Of_Being]

​@@alejandrorincon5649hands up!!!....this is a robbery!

[@quantisedspace7047]

It is no more helpful than any other. They're all good, but none explains two things: 1) Why do we assume a photon must go through one (let alone both) of the slits at all ? 2) Why are we surprised that adding a photon detector changes the outcome ?

[@adamb8317]

Crazy how all quantum particles behave in this probabilistic fashion. However, if you add up just a few probabilities the mathematics become practically absolute.

[@Hendrik_F]

Thank you for clarifying what is meant with "Observation". There is a common misconception, that the behaviour of quantum partices depends on a sentient observer. But in reality, an observation can be any kind of interaction with a particle.

[@JeffCaplan313]

Aren't interactions happening all the time? When is an interaction not happening? They even happen within/around vacuums. This just seems like saying the bigger the interaction, the bigger the response and how is that not Newtonian?

[@Hendrik_F]

@@JeffCaplan313 That's a good point actually (your first one). I can't claim to completely grasp the theory, but I think the basic idea is that you can treat any subsystem that is sufficiently closed of from the outer world as one "quantum system", for which the wave-behaviour applies (like for example a bunch of atoms suspended in a magnetic field in a vacuum. The light in the double slit experiment also has no interaction between its emission and the detection). Then, on a small enough timescale, no interactions with the outside world occur, until one makes a measurement and the entire system collapses into one definitive state. So yes, interactions happen all the time, but when multiple particles nly interact with each other, you can treat the whole bunch as "one" thing. Like Schrödingers Cat, where the cat is (in principle) part of the subsystem. I dont't really get what you mean with your second statement, sorry. Newtonian principles seem like a whole different thing to me.

[@j3ffn4v4rr0]

​@@JeffCaplan313 I think you have in mind Newton's Third Law, "for every action, there's an equal and opposite reaction". That's a good point, but actually these are 2 very different cases. First...no, in fact interactions very often are NOT happening...e.g., a photon leaving a light bulb is not interacting with anything at all, until it hits something that it illuminates. A star which you view in the sky, has photons which literally avoided interacting with anything for millions of years...until the precise moment it interacts with your retina. To bring it back to Newton: the quantum nature of particles means interactions happen in fixed degrees only....this is the (a) difference which separates quantum physics from Newtonian physics. Particles are not tiny balls bouncing into each other...they are tiny fluctuations of energy fields (waves) traveling through space, which cause changes of a precise quantity (a "quantum") when they touch other similar fluctuations of energy fields. (The same, or other, fields) This quantized change is what makes the wave now look like a particle. ANY interaction of any 2 objects in the universe is ultimately particles (aka, tiny fluctuations of energy) interacting with each other, in this quantized manner.

[@justinmayhew6848]

I have never seen a better explanation of the things you discussed in the video and i've seen a fair number. I started watching for your videos on space but if the videos are this good I will watch your videos on any topic!

[@vishnuacharya6352]

The strangest thing about light is while it makes everything visible, it itself cannot be seen!

[@diazinth]

maybe it carries information that is read by our current receptors of such information, and can't carry information about itself, at least not in a way that our current receptors can interprete? Seems like photons are adept a giving an answer of where they are when asked, and where they were the last time they changed direction/speed when they arrive at a receptor. Though it seems like they get somewhat confused by reflective and transparent surfaces. ;)

[@vladmirhoopnagle1170]

That is an excellent point that very rarely is brought out. Light can only be seen by reflecting off of other objects. And how about the fact that light is everywhere at once and time stops with reference to itself at the front of a lightbeam?

[@GamingHelp]

@@vladmirhoopnagle1170: That time thing is sure weird, but I'm not sure you could always consider it to be everywhere at once. I can see how you would conclude that, but this is also why we talk so often about how important the observation point is. From the viewpoint of light itself, time makes no sense, but for any viewpoint below C, time still exists. That's almost a paradox in itself. I wish they didn't strip so much of that confusing stuff from early STEM education. It's one of the fun things about science and math! :)

[@rjac001]

When you look at an object you care seeing the light reflected from it, not the object itself

[@GamingHelp]

It's weird how seeing the world at this level has so many paradoxes hey?

[@KoushaTalebian]

I wish they stopped saying “light knows when it’s being watched”. No. When you observe a quanta particle (and observing means sending some form of energy to detect it) that observation energy collapses the wave function to whatever you measured and that starts a new wave function. So in the double slit experiment, when you measure which hole the light is at, it collapses it to either hole, and now it’s a new wave function that is starting from the slit, not the original light source

[@primiq]

Only your videos make me want to take the whiteboard out and start thinking outside the box. Getting past our paradigms is so difficult :( I cant wait to know more about the energy systems that we are part of! Thank you!

[@tac6044]

Just what KZbin needs, yet another video about the double slit experiment. Because 10,000 other videos about it simply isn't enough.

[@AS-fu1kd]

Honestly, it's the same information in all of them since like 2010

[@petergriffin383]

Wow this was incredibly well done, thank you.. excellent content creator

[@Isekai_Fan]

I hypothesis that photons travel in a corkscrew fashion around a Higgs boson particle. They are creating a pressure wave off of spacetime due to their relativistic speed, like something being pulled through water and creating the wave effect.

[@fred-bevhogendorn8023]

When you understand that light is invisible until it meets an object it explains a lot of properties and the two slit experiments is also understood. Phase shifting from forward motion to multi directional motion upon disturbance is a fascinating effect.

[@barkvarkie_fpv8623]

My mind is failing me here .... What I cannot understand due to lack of knowledge, is how can it be said that a camera (or sensor) observing a photon interacts with that photon? To use your statement above, what "object" does the photon in "thin air" (i.e. outside the camera) meet making it visible to the camera sensor? I am thinking about this like a drop of water (photon) falling through space (like in a vacuum tube) and the image of it (not the drop itself) being captured by the sensor outside that tube. The drop is not being acted upon by the camera .... I am making myself dizzy here, sorry.

[@simjam1980]

It 'appears' invisible because, from the light's perspective, it is moving instantaneously...that is, no time passes.

[@joesmith-gf9lg]

@@barkvarkie_fpv8623 They communicate with each other and thus influence each other. Each is a part of the other's "local" reality. Local meaning they are in each other's realm of influence in some manner. At the level of a photon, nearly anything and everything will influence it. Absolutes are matters of relativity. If anything was in a truly absolute state, it would cease to exist to anything else. If light were truly constant, in any sense, it would cease to exist.

[@ats8742]

this gives me another concept to play around my head.. nice thinking.

[@ats8742]

And I think scientists are misled by thinking they can fire a single photon thru the slit? The method of the experiment here should be questioned to avoid confusing and inconclusive results. How can they be so sure that they are firing a SINGLE photon when in the first place they are not very sure of the nature of light itself? Think about it.

[@yoursoulisforever]

Back in the 90s I remember doing the double slit experiment and also an experiment with a candle and pencil but I'll have to Google it now to remember it better. It had something to do with an old theory about boundary conditions between light and shadow if I remember correctly. Anyway, it was interesting.

[@AJxxxxxxxx]

I think that the act of measuring light with our modern equipment is affecting it and causing some type of atomic reaction I believe that when the single particle went through the double slit experiment it reacted like a wave interference because our measurement equipment was interfering with that particle going through the experiment

[@quantisedspace7047]

Yes, this to me is quite obvious: you can't measure something without changing it in some way and there must come a limit that when measuring it, it causes it to be destroyed altogether. It's not at an 'atomic' level, though; it's more subtle than than, bit your basic observation that observation will necessarily change what is being observed is correct.

[@brown2889]

I once heard that it takes a million years for a single photon to leave the surface of the Sun. I always wondered if that was true. That must have some implication toward time being different inside the Sun. Anyhoo.🌞

[@pbjandahighfive]

I genuinely feel like the issues with quantum probability lends a lot of credence to the idea that we're living within a simulation of some sort and we are part of some sort of massively complex AI system. It would explain the Fermi Paradox, it would explain why at quantum scales everything seems to operate in yes/no 1/0 absolutes, it aligns with probability, it would explain why there is an absolute size limit and absolute smallest unit of time (planck limits) instead being infinitely divisible, ect.

[@sodiumvapor13]

I have the exact same thought when learning about the quantum universe. In that same though process, think about how strange it is that we live in a reality where we can only ever be concious for a set amount of time... and if we push that limit (by not sleeping) we go crazy. We always have to "log off" every night... like maybe we're just players in a game?

[@Jake_5693]

@@sodiumvapor13I hope I’m filthy rich in my ‘real’ life

[@CrapE_DM]

My explanation with the polarizing lenses would be that the polarized lense can tilt the polarization of the photon a tiny bit, thus spinning some of them to the point that they now are able to go through the next lense, potentially turning some more.

[@badoem5353]

I don't think anything but gravity can affect spin in the way you mean it. Like you mean like spin on a ball right? Light goes straight only as far as I know. Mostly cause it'll be absorbed or reflected into or of wathever it touches. Unless there a partical that doesn't interact with light of course

[@hamishahern2055]

@@badoem5353 no, you need to think of spin as 360degress of pi. we break it up into 360 to make it easy on our maths. but you could as easily break it up into 36000 degrees in 2 pi radians.

[@SchemeTintFocus]

I love these modestly forward science videos. Pursue understanding as it evolves, so do we

[@tjwoosta]

I love the discussions in the comments these days. I've seen videos about the double slit experiment and quantum physics for many years, but even just a few years ago the entire comment section would have been like a bunch 6th graders calling each other names and referencing biblical quotes. We seem to be approaching a point where we can actually discuss things without dogma.

[@Overlord7307]

5:25 sending more photons = increasing intensity, not increasing frequency. Increasing the frequency means to have photons with more energy due to the relation E = h(nu).

[@ggtt2547]

Excellent video. Short, to the point, simple and really complicated all in the same time. Congratulations.

[@musicalcontessa4275]

I love this! Love the study of light diffraction. I have a lamp in one room of my house and in a completely separate, different room, all the way towards the back, there is a perfect reflection of the entire lamp----which exists in a completely different room with an entire dark wall separating the two rooms, yet the reflection of the light somehow bends all the way around the entire wall, into the other room, all the way to the back door. When standing in the back of the other room on the other side of the house, it is impossible to see that lamp at all in the other room, in the other part of the house.

[@kennethd.lehrman5080]

Cool

[@davidfraser6083]

Light reflects off of surfaces.

[@musicalcontessa4275]

The cool part is, if I block the light and allow just a crack of light, somehow the diffused double reflection of that lamp still bends around the door and wall and travels its way all the way to the back of the house to still show the dual (two lamp) reflections of the lamp.

[@thepuma2012]

@@musicalcontessa4275 that s funny, show it on video (or photo)

[@ingridgilbert4917]

I would like to see it too, very interesting. @@musicalcontessa4275

[@matthewverde3390]

Loved this video. Your teaching style is unmatched! TY

[@gregorysagegreene]

I'm so Vinny Barbarino right now.

[@c.a.r.s.carsandrelevantspecs]

What a fascinating video! It's almost as if light converts into a particle when interacting with something that has the potential of blocking or interfering with it, and then reverts back into a wave after moving beyond that point of interference. Perhaps light--and all matter and energy--is multidimensional. I can hardly wait to learn more about this topic! Thanks for sharing.

[@halweilbrenner9926]

Perhaps it's electromagnetic waves that effect the light waves.

[@darrenbaird7558]

@@halweilbrenner9926 light waves ARE electromagnetic waves

[@lubricustheslippery5028]

String theory usually have something like 13 dimension and builds on older 5 dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory. So most theoretical physicist think there are more dimensions. And one explanation we don't observe the other dimensions is that they are to smal.

[@SimpleDays101]

​@@halweilbrenner9926 ... No.

[@c.a.r.s.carsandrelevantspecs]

@@lubricustheslippery5028 Very interesting! Thanks for the comment.

[@ShawnGradybooks]

Thanks, Astrum. I am curious what your thoughts are on the De Broglie-Bohm interpretation of this (pilot-wave theory) and how they respond to the non-wave pattern result when the photons are observed/measured one at a time versus the wave pattern result when the photons are not observed/measured when sent one at a time.

[@guyincognito.]

Hidden variable theories are as garbage as the Copenhagen interpretation which introduced the 'collapse' assumption for which there is no empirical reason to believe.

[@anorangutan511]

Your last video has had me thinking about light for a month... So glad you did a follow up. I really wonder if light is faster than causality, but we can't measure it's true speed.

[@evnor]

Light can't be faster than causality. Light itself is an effect, so causality can't be slower. Whether causality is faster than light through for instance tunneling is disputed

[@anorangutan511]

@@evnor I probably didn't phrase my thought correctly. I'm wondering if light could faster than 299 million m/s, but we can only perceive it as travelling that fast due to relativity.

[@akgonen60]

@@anorangutan511 with nothing in its way in a vaccum it travels 186,000 MILES PER SECOND THIS SEEMS TO BE THE SPEED LIMIT OF THE UNIVERSE IT IS SUJJESTED THRU QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT that information travels faster then light when particles are entangled

[@milenamilena4495]

light is not traveling at one speed (sorry Einstein) and Steven Hawkins has proven this, therefore relativity is involved relating to human senses and capabilities

[@sundaramguruswamy5490]

In light bulb is Glass function is semiconductor, glass is emitting dc voltage(+, - ).in atmospher Atmos (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) present so area is visible.nature process also same.

[@Miresgaldir]

This concept has always perplexed me. As a child it was borderline traumatising, almost like my Young mind was able to cope with knowing reality is just an effed up mess of probability. Now it just blows my mind as I try to make sense of it all. The universe truly is odd, and deffinatly not as it seems.

[@Livefree432Livewhole]

Simulation is highly likely but doesn’t mean we’re a simulation of a more intelligent us in a reality higher than us. It could still mean this is the only simulation that’s created by god or your higher self. Just putting that out there ❤️

[@Miresgaldir]

@@Livefree432Livewhole it's exactly how I feel :) :p

[@hofahome]

Thank you for saying this. I’m 40 and it’s still traumatizing to think of things that bend my brain. It feels like a loss of control somehow even though I am truely curious. In my own pursuit of the Truth I’ve read up a ton on NDE’s after my father had one. What’s interesting to me is consistent reports of a life review, wherein you are able to experience events from another person’s perspective and see the ripple effects of decisions you made. It gets me wondering how consciousness is woven into everything.

[@milenamilena4495]

agree I am stuck on the double slit experiment as well, in a sense that I think it caries much deeper secret if we can decode the message

[@milenamilena4495]

if all is light, why we see darkness

[@thatjeff7550]

Thanks for your concise explanation regarding the double slit experiment. I have heard this experiment described to me on several occasions throughout different times of my life and every time I heard the lecture, it just made me more confused. The last time was, "How can an observer affect the path of a photon, especially when the observer is mechanical?" I hadn't thought of the observer (or detector, I should say) affecting the photon with its own particles in order to detect it. You solved a very old issue for me.

[@Rose_Harmonic]

I remember some quantum mysticism people talking about how the act of perceiving things affects them and I'm sitting there thinking about how the act of observing requires us to bang on the subject with other particles.

[@Oblivionburn]

I wish I could like this comment thousands of times so it's the first one everyone sees for this video, and then copy it to every other video about the double-slit experiment and quantum mechanics because the perpetuation of this misconception about observation needs to end. I'm tired of having to explain to people that "observation" in scientific terms is analogous to taking measurements with an instrument like a laser, which is literally what the original experiment used for measurement/observation... of course shooting something with a laser is going to make it behave differently than when it's not being shot with a laser. This would be a no-brainer for most people if they were told the truth instead of the fantasy.

[@milenamilena4495]

is it the intent (of the mind) setting the wave-particle behavior? and why scientists influence results of their own research? what is the human mind and how it interacts (or bends) light?

[@botezsimp5808]

My intuition always figured it was something like this. Measuring something requires contact of some sort.

[@drewg2403]

This also the reason for the Heisenberg Uncertainy Principle. When trying to measure positions or velocities on a sub atomic scale, we must measure things through some type of physical interaction, usually bouncing photons or other particles off at certain angles and then detecting them. But doing this imparts energy onto what is being measured, altering the outcome of the measurement.

[@xybersurfer]

great explanation. just the right amount of detail and i like how you went into the history

[@TrueBlueYZ]

Light doesnt 'care' or 'answer', we are obviously just interacting when we take measurements which changes the result. Its mind boggling enough without twisting the truth to make it sound more spooky. Love your work otherwise.

[@tridsonline]

👍 Thanks for this fascinating explanation. I'm not a physicist by any means, more of a logician with my background in IT. So I'm curious how they jumped to the conclusion that the photon changed behaviour because it was observed/sensed at either slit. To me, this points to the method that was used to detect the photon .. clearly it interfered with the photon instead of passively detecting it, which disqualifies the method from being purely observational. This calls for a different way of detecting the photon then, a way that does not influence its behaviour. Instead of concluding that the photon changed behaviour _because_ it was observed, it seems more logical to say that the photon changed behaviour because of _the way_ it was observed. Right? 🤔 Occam's Razor?

[@alecepting1371]

How can you observe something without absorbing some of its energy and thus changing the dynamics of the system, consisting of the observer and the observed?

[@denniscook390]

It would be interesting to place a small LED light source in a large room and get more and people to enter and look at the LED and whatever it was illuminating. According to your statement, which seems logical to me, the room would get dimmer and dimmer until it was impossible to see.@@alecepting1371

[@Sensorama2000]

Maybe this is just a limit of the simulation we live in 😅 Whoever runs the simulation didn't think that we, in the simulation, would reach a level of questioning our reality this deeply...😊

[@JemmettOddJobber]

Deep,potentially much deeper.

[@BluephsBlog]

Recently I've been thinking that light is a quantum state of matter rather than a particle. And photons are some type of not yet defined particle that "carries" light (perhaps charged up dark matter?). Though I'm a physics novice so I'm probably way off. haha Great video!

[@milenamilena4495]

light can be wave, particle, and can be information, enlightenment, consciousness...and many more, light is endless in its transformations

[@jerrykrampera8145]

You are not alone in your thinking and I think you are not way off at all. Your recent thinking agrees with the 'not so recent' brilliant minds that gave us the first understanding of the basic nature of everything, from quantum size to cosmic. Faraday gave us our real insights of energy and the electromagnetic scale. Where experiments resulted in proof of wave and field behavior through " your charged up dark matter", which he called Aether. From low energy radio waves, to visible light, to high energy gamma, to quarks, to protons of Hydrogen Atom. Combinations of which comprises the peridical chart of all "matter particles". Charged up to, even compressed into a black hole singularity of energy/gravity at maximum stability threshold. These are all charged up dark/unobservable/unknown matter/energy (thanks to Albert). As tonymc said " fluctuation of spacetime ". Maxwell proved it mathematically down to the speed of light and Tesla (who said light is nothing but a sound wave in the Aether) made it practical , allowing our modern day technology. So yes light is a quantum state of matter as a star is a stable state of Gallaxy's central black hole. Light may be the smallest stable state of " charge"/Energy. A photon is only a measurement, ( a word like the inch or meter or electron "NOT A PARTICLE"). A measurement of the charged up state that "carries" or perturbs at the speed of light through "Aether/space time" . Where Gravity Waves and strengths influencing the trajectories of spinning fields of energy and matter , temperatures and pressure mediation shimmer and frolic up into froth fluctuation. Quantum foam Scaled and repeated by clustering gallaxy formations of froth. That's what's "way off" not you blue. Or maybe this "Great" video might be a bit "way off" by ignoring Michael and Nicola. Ignoring the fact that light resumes it speed after being slowed down by lenses or fish tank water or gravity. Now You Blue and I and Tonymc are bit less "WAY OFF".

[@ericvondell5157]

Every Kid's Dream: To be able to sneak a Cookie From The Cookie Jar When Mommy's Looking Right At Him But, seeing Him Watching The Tele Instead of Having His Hand In The Cookie Jar! And, here's the Bang; He, Actually, IS, Watching the Tele, AND, Sneaking The Cookie From The Cookie Jar But Mommy Only Sees Him watching the Tele! This is because whenever Mommy's observing Him, He's Behaving proper . Yet, Whenever Mommy's NOT observing Him, He's Got His Hand in the Cookie Jar! BOTH at the SAME Instant in Time!🙀 (The results, Of Course, we've a rather bewildered Mommy who's Got a Fat Kid With Bad Teeth, and Mysteriously Emptied Cookie Jar!🙀🤪🤣💖) Schrodinger Was Abusive To Imaginary Cats! (He imagined putting a Live Cat into an sealed airtight box with a bottle of poisonous Gas on a timer. When The timer went off the gas Was released Instantly killing The Cat. But, unless you opened the box and looked, you couldn't really be certain that The Poor Kitty Was, in Fact, Dead! That's Just Sick!) Phantom's "Cookie Jar" analogy is Much Kinder and Funnier than the Morbid Musings of a Mad Scientist! (Seriously, here: WHY would Any Sane person even Imagine Doing Something So Horrible to a little Kitty Cat?!🙀😿🐈) NOW I'm Craving Cookies 😹😻🍪 I've performed the polarized lenses Experiment Myself when little. It's Utterly perplexing that This Even happens at All! Light is One Seriously Twisted Kitty! But, We Love IT Anyways! 💖🐈😻 THIS Was a Great, Well Produced Video! 💖

[@atomotron]

The thing is, we try to visualize light interacting with electrons or other particles, and thus we imagine light as a particle too. In reality though, these "particles" are actually waves too, but it is way harder to visualize it that way. Everything about quantum particles screams they are not some pebbles and can only be visualized this way out of convenience. This approach has its limits, and we are now at the point where it does not work anymore.

[@milenamilena4495]

agree, not some pebbles about the "particles". How about humans, why are we pebbles and not one (or many) waves, why as humans we behave like particles rather than a wave?

[@sheastewart7608]

For me, I often envision the electric field of the photon/light ray resonating with dipoles. The concept of a photon then serves to discretize the oscillating E field.

[@jlo13800]

Yes light is a quantum electron/positron twirling around each other!

[@glowaves]

I behave like a wave.

[@helifynoe9930]

Well if the axis of the spin of a photon extends across both space and time, fascinating things would happen. The photon, due to this 4D axis, would also move back and forth across time, and its orientation would rotate during this process. This would help you understand how when two filters are at a 45 degree angle relative to each other, a measure of light still passes through, even though their polarities are not in line with each other. See if you can figure the rest out yourself.

[@jasondashney]

If a photon spun, then it couldn't really be a wave, could it? The quantum world hurts my tiny brain.

[@247tubefan]

It's unfair that the thing responsible for time doesn't itself have to experience it.

[@emb3e]

🤯

[@TrueMG]

Light is not really responsible for time. But we can measure the absolute local time by looking at light. Even light has to obey the relative maximum speed limit. But yes it is mind blowing that, from the perspective of light, it doesn't even exist. We have the pleasure to be so slow to take advantage of its none-existence.

[@maeton-gaming]

Time is a mirage. Time doesn't exist, like how a shadow isn't a proper noun and "doesn't exist" it's merely the privation of something else. Well, wherever you have mass, you will have magnitude, and the measure of magnitude is time. So time is simply...... The tiles on the floor. The local tile set if you will. But ultimately, it's not "really" there, just how tiles are really one floor, not hundreds of small individual floors ;) comprende?

[@emb3e]

@@maeton-gaming 🤯

[@mikullmac]

Have to, or get to?

[@FunGuyFruits]

What about the detectors? Do they emit possible interference?

[@robotaholic]

I love your channel and all your videos and I hope you can read this. I loved learning about the complexity of a rotating supermassive black holes. Thank you!

[@jeffscantling6199]

I never truly understood the double slit experiment in my physics class, now I understand it. Thank you!

[@ElyziumPrime]

Did you find out our world is simulated yet? 😅

[@user-fg6ro]

When the greatest quantum physicists have not yet understood, how can you claim to!?

[@TragoudistrosMPH]

This was so well done. Most people don't define "observed" and your descriptions of the single photons were excellent!!! So much clicked that I didn't understand, before! Thanks!!

[@AlexisOmnis]

I agree; it's important to always assume you're telling someone who doesn't know what certain terms mean. I didn't study this but have taught myself certain theories & concepts but when something important isn't properly explained you hit a wall. Like observation, in this sense, is when something has been detected by some form of sensor.

[@xybersurfer]

yeah totally. these videos rarely explain what "observed" means. a different video cleared up the confusion for me in the past, but i still recognize the value in explaining it

[@quantisedspace7047]

OK, I'll concede that but we need a much more rigorous treatment of what we mean by 'observed'

[@Regalert]

Could that measurement in double slit slow down the photon speed? Maybe the max speed is responsible for wave behave, and "lower" speed is the particle behave.

[@jeffkeating6637]

The preconditions for the probability outcome are not random - it is simply that they are beyond our measurement. The flight of a butterfly seems random yet is entirely predictable. Nice vid. Keep up the great work. Bloody bounded rationality at work again!

[@happykitten5695]

science is conditional. change the conditions and change the science. there is a lot more than meets the optic and or any other senses currently being used.

[@happykitten5695]

"we" share a multitude of faculties "we" are unaware of on an individually veiled and or cloaked conscious level. subconsciously "we" are ALL connected and on the deepest and or highest levels of consciousness "we" are ALL ONE 💛☮️🕉️

[@nmarbletoe8210]

afaik it is not yet known if the universe is deterministic or fundamentally stochastic at some level but yes the butterfly as a model of chaos is deterministic

[@ShadowBMe]

I feel like some might consider this to be evidence that we are actually living in a simulation. It's easier to code things to behave generally and / or probabilistically. You then have the code narrow down specific data or events only when necessary. Say, for example, when someone is trying to measure it. This is the same principal used in the pathfinding system of hostiles in The RiftBreaker game by EXOR Studios. Enemies flow in waves parting around obstacles generally to travel in the direction of where they are going, only to become individually independent entities choosing their specific path when they begin interacting with things like the player or said player's defenses. This phenomenon could simply be that sort of optimization of our simulation's code to reduce lag by avoiding calculating complex specific events when they are not directly needed.

[@nutbastard]

This is also a roundabout solution to the Fermi paradox - that there can only be a limited number of observers, and so the universe appears mostly empty. To extend your example, this is a server pop limit. If this is a simulation and there are limits on what can be simultaneously rendered. So if we don’t want to crash the thing, maybe it would be wise to not look too closely.

[@davecgriffith]

I'm probabilistic on multiple levels. Really great video! Thanks!

[@jhondoe4526]

Jazakallah , we see light with light (capture light with sensor like eye or camera) , and yet now we trying hardly to figure out what is light?, … light its self is the data deliver for us via our sensor to know things , its give us data about surrounding, and the accuracy of our data and knowledge until know its based on light that move to our sensor (machine or biologicay sensor like skin eye ear etc), our knowlegde and thingking system depence with light, meaning all our figure out knowledge untill know are base on data that light bring on to us (sound, light colour, electron) , we still can figure out world 100%, its just like AI trying figure out how is a human is , because the AI know things base on only what human taught to them, not they experience it as human, they will not fully understand human even all the information human taught them they will have other perception deviate, and we as human still pridefull beyond gods to our knowledge ? Im not,.. im believe there is god,.. Your are will not have legitimate nature law knowledge or full understand , what we all do untill now is just “assuming“ gods law nature work with extra step and my god love we trying to gain knowledge he expected it…, so keep our work to understand world but dont be stressed out if you dont grasp fully, eat slow, and make sure use it for mankind benefit 👍🏻 Anyways I assuming, light is an image of things process doing another thing , this just like fire is an image of oxidating still doing, its the process itself, my opinion is light is particle or matter that being waved, and because of that wave their has some property … until the wave stop then light are not light anymore , just like fire when oxidation stop the fire is end,.. and energy its just a mass displacement or added to other mass that move via things that one of them is via light

[@kovenmaitreya7184]

I was getting into D&D lore and curious that a lot of the lore seemed to be compelling on it's own as a type of religious mythology (had the same compelling force as religion is what I mean). Thinking about it, I started to wonder if we're not just some other deity's rolled up characters in a game. Then this guy comes and says that we're just composed of some kind of collection of quantum dice rolls 😂

[@littlepoodle7443]

I host a dnd gam like this 💀

[@jameschambers2512]

I think light travels either just outside or on the border of the 4th dimensional boundary. Essentially like warp drive. And it doesn't lose energy when interacting with anything because it never actually has contact with any matter but it's rather frictionlessly sliding around the fields of the particles of our 3d objects

[@It-b-Blair]

Definitely was wondering how the double slit experiment would be modeled if viewed in a 4th dimensional space, and if that would provide any insight.

[@Rick_Frigate]

Not a physicist but I like this idea and it got me thinking, why is the speed of light exactly c, and no faster nor slower? Nothing in our 3 dimensions can slow it down, so it seems logical that something in a higher dimension governs its velocity.

[@jasonmoonshiner]

I thought light did slow down in glass and water

[@kevinbeazy]

@@Rick_Frigate A lot of things slow light down. All the time. C is the speed of light in a vacuum. That’s it. Basically light never travels at C

[@kevinbeazy]

@@jasonmoonshiner it does. C is the speed of light in a vacuum.

[@new-knowledge8040]

Imagine if a 4 dimensional event occurred in a 4 dimensional reality. Now imagine that primitive creatures also existed within that 4D reality, but sadly they were confined to only 3 dimensions, and thus the best that they could understand, is their 3D reality itself. Now picture these primitive 3D creatures trying to explain the 4D event. There they are, endlessly trying to create a 3D explanation of the 4D event. Those in the 4D reality can't stop laughing as the little 3D creatures say things like, "The photon went through both slits at the same time.", or discuss things like "Entangled pairs", "Action at a distance.", "Delayed quantum choice.", "Quantum erasure.", etc. And so those in the 4D reality laughingly say, "They will never learn. It's as simple as that.".

[@terrybreen3331]

Great video Alex, this explains that light is electro-magnetic energy when it is traveling, a combined wave of electric field and magnetic field and when it hits a barrier, that's not just the end of the story, the energy is transferred into Space-Time and can be reconstituted under the right circumstances, of course you lose some of the energy in the process. An analogy would be like when you construct a dam in a river to hold back the water, and you lose some of the water while it is held in the resulting lake, some water evaporates to the air and some water leaks into the ground. But when you're ready you can release some of the water down stream. This is where N. Tesla described there is free energy in Space-Time, but he nor anyone else has figured out how to make use of it. This also explains the phenomena of electron tunneling. Nice!

[@nigeldepledge3790]

Not really. When light strikes an opaque barrier, its energy is transferred into the particles of which that barrier is made. Sure, this occurs in spacetime, but only in exactly the same way that everything else we cam observe occurs in spacetime. Quantum tunneling has nothing to do with transferring energy to spacetime (and I have no idea how that might even happen), and everything to do with the intrinsic uncertainty in the position of the particle that is tunneling.

[@eugenechun4140]

​@@nigeldepledge3790can E=mc^2 be construed as stagnant and 'active' energy simultaneously and under certain conditions becomes obvious and apparent and in others it is undetected? Is this equation related to zero point energy and worm holes as well as quantum tunneling? Shouldn't the symbol for velocity be included in E=mc^2 to activate the energy because I see this equation there and not there simultaneously. Is this equation related to quantum mechanics? How can energy exist and not exist simultaneously in a manner of speaking? This is like playing peek a boo...I'm here and I stand out and you can see me, now I disappear but I'm still here , you just can't see me...now I'm back as bold as before because something ignored me but I'm starting to wind down and I'm gone...am I wrong in visualizing this? Because energy does not make any sense to me. E=mcc needs velocity to 'activate' the energy from its inert or 'zombified' 'non existing state'. So which is it, is energy constantly active or does it 'resurrect' itself from a seemingly inactive state. What causes energy to resurrect itself and become 'active'? I hate physics. I hate quantum mechanics. Also, is it remotely possible that gravity and time are interdependent and generated and created from the disparity between the relative mass and density of an environment and the object occupying said environment? Can be it possible that gravity and time are not fundamentals of nature? Can gravity time and space and the offset and adjusted localized space create and generate gravity? Does the mass and density of the environment determine the acceleration and velocity of the object or particle occupying it? Doesnt this premise suggest that gravity is created and generated ? If gravity is understood , why can't macro physics and quantum mechanics be unified and paralleled? Is there such a field as quantum space? Wouldnt quantum gravity have something to with quantum spaces and particles? Isnt there an interdependent association with these fields?

[@eugenechun4140]

E=mcc implies in a manner of speaking that energy is dormant or invisible or for arguments does exist but something must activate or vibrate or agitate it for it to become 'alive' or obvious and apparent that it exists. E=mcc implies that energy is stagnant and active simultaneously ...this is like saying a human can be an undead and genuinely alive simultaneously by can be more of one or the other in certain conditions. I hate Einstein. I hate Schrodinger. I hate Dirac. I hate anyone who had anything to do with modern discoveries in physics cosmology and light...the hard science fields aren't for truth seeking elitist smug ego pampering intellectuals...they're for masochists.

[@eugenechun4140]

​@@nigeldepledge3790doesn't quantum tunneling have something to do with wormholes? Arent they essentially the same thing?

[@nigeldepledge3790]

@eugenechun4140 - in short, no. E = mc^2 is only a special case of the full equation; but its implication is not anything metaphysical. It simply means that mass is but one more form of energy. In particle-physics terms, photons and particles that possess mass are interchangeable, provided that all relevant conservation laws are observed. It's how nuclear weapons are so much more devastating than conventional explosives; and it's how stars shine for billions of years.

[@miguelespinoza4956]

I dont really care if anyone likes this comment or not, but to me, this is a sign of Divine Intervention. We are permitted to advance in science over time but are always reminded how much we dont know. Soon, we will uncover this, but there'll be another mystery awaiting us. Thank God because i love science and correlating it to the divine. I see it as Gods fingerprints