Bessel van der Kolk on the Treatment of Trauma: How Childhood Trauma is Different from PTSD

[@JasonGafar]

Imagine suffering trauma in childhood, only to spend the rest of one's adulthood managing it. Story of my life and countless others.

[@dragonstaye4557]

You are correct - many others. More than 90% of American children are neglected and abused / misused in other ways (eg, sexual molestation). I thus agree with Bessel - PTSD is not limited to war veterans. Personally, I endured dissociative amnesia most of my life (70 now) from perpetual childhood trauma followed by perpetual 'adulthood' trauma such that brain scans and other testing showed I had "zero functioning memory" - 4 1/2 years ago. Part of how I made my way to returned health - specifically here, the return of functioning memory - was by taking Lion's Mane mushroom powder daily. I'm back to my work.

[@samreh6156]

At 65, I am doing relatively well and am still alive after a childhood from hell.

[@Sunset553]

Imagine trying to get therapy for a disorder not even appearing in the diagnostics manual

[@glassangel0000]

You suffer without really realizing it. It is all subconscious its really hard to try to rewire your brain. It is possible though I hope.

[@rachelb9089]

Thats true

[@honingbijtje83]

"Because if you stand up for yourself, terrible things will happen." This is me. I let the worst things happen to me as an adult, all because I couldn't feel the safety within to stand up for myself, or even consider that an option. Somehow I believed all this time that these bad things were supposed to happen to me. In another video Bessel says 'pleasure and belonging is the opposite of trauma'. I could never identify things that make me happy and still always feel startled when people ask me that. Like 'wait, what? Is that something to consider?'

[@enough_about_me]

Me too, even now as I’m turning 50..I have no idea what makes ME happy.

[@shovelhead4558]

Glad i was told to look up this man he hits the mark every time at 62 it’s not too late the fight begins for myself.

[@Michelle-cb5jf]

Yup, for me, my childhood abuse trauma manifested by making myself small and I became compliant and never had the courage to stand up for myself. Total doormat. Been working through it with brainspotting - similar to EMDR.

[@lioness7522]

Hi Michelle - can you share how the brainspotting is going - I haven’t heard about it….

[@goertzpsychiatry9340]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/npbEmZKEmNaqptU

[@fruitfulbliss]

This man is a genius, spot on. Childhood trauma is the worst.

[@theohuioiesin6519]

Bessel has once again read my diary and clearly been present during every day of my childhood

[@raphaellavelasquez8144]

The only guy who understands. People go down the rabbit hole of "mental health treatment" become disabled and lose their lives over this. They are blamed and shamed for the state they're in.

[@DEEPMOODYPURPLEBLUES]

100% - society gets a pass for an apocalyptic lack of self-awareness, but the individual gets thrown under the bus. "It is no measure of health to be well adjusted to a truly sick society"

[@honingbijtje83]

My homedoctor told me when I crushed into a depression (which I now recognise as a symptom of ptsd): 'well, bad things happen to everybody. Get a grip on yourself.'

[@jamierobb6354]

@@honingbijtje83 Time to find a new doc! :)

[@liliaaaaaaaa]

I've gone from incompetent abusive doctor in the past to just incompetent until eventually I found actual authentic healers with compassion. It's always important if you truly want to heal, & grow, to find healthcare practitioners who actually care & have the knowledge to back their efforts. I did an online course with NICABM. It's the best understanding of the therapeutic model dealing with trauma I've seen. It's important to remember as well, we live in a modern age where intergenerational trauma & PTSD from enmeshed families whose ancestors survived WW1 & 2 as well as toxic societal models while often dealing with toxic enmeshed narcissistic families. Even if you survived as a child, if you end up with PTSD for whatever reason further down the line, you might discover your childhood trauma issues coming back to haunt you like ghosts. Life has a habit of showing you the areas you need to work on. Stay safe out there.

[@hafu1403]

It is not fun being beaten almost weekly for nothing you did as a child. broken fingers wounds that got infected, bruises on my legs, my mothers favorite weapon was a bamboo pole. her other weapon was complaining to me as five year old, on how much she hated my father and my fathers family. My life was horrible. It still is I cant get rid of the memories

[@alexisfishinhuntinandfarmi2923]

hafu someone attacked me and later tried to run over me with a truck. We moved so we wouldn't live anywhere near that lady. I kinda know how ya feel about not forgetting.

[@hightidesmrforever2themoon449]

hafu i am soooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo sorry!

[@laurenpaterson3475]

hafu so sorry it hard my mother was a bully as well I had train myself to be myself not a clone or her

[@ledacedar6253]

You won't leave the past behind until you start educating yourself & practicing what you learn; a step at a time with the best loving affirmations to replace the fear-based beliefs & sensory-motor feelings & chemistry. When triggered into an episode of repeating memories or nightmares of the past we feel like crap under someone's shoe. Catch that moment by remembering that IS the voice of your trauma. That is not about you, but the lizard brain defense mechanism & the early wounding spin, that is no longer true or needed. Ground in the present moment physically, emotionally, psychologically and then, Reverse the thinking by repeating the Affirmation that contradicts the terror thought racing through the mind-body; imagine yourself getting the perfect response you needed back then play it in your mind for seconds/minutes/paint or draw it to change your feelings that match this truth insteaad of listening to the lizard/trauma brain. "I am completely safe right now." "Wait for the evidence. " "I am grateful I have strengths of ....."; I am loved and I love me for continuing to struggle towards the light for myself to become well" . Research Gabor Mate, Bessel's work offer a lot of sense making. Emotional freedom tapping is excellent, search skills for trauma survivors, grounding techniques and then Practice, practice, practice sharpening those tools. mindfulness helps once your gounded to develop early warning & prevention strategies with time and practice. Tell your mind what the truth is. You are not your mind! Clean out the garbage and develop the strengths you uncover as you learn about yourself.

[@mariarohmer2374]

Hafu big warm hugs to you & your soul. You are a fighter and survivor. You can HEAL. I know it.

[@StressRUs]

I'm a retired psychiatrist who met Bessel in about 1997, when I was the acting Medical Director of Colin Ross' trauma treatment program at Forest View Hospital in Grand Rapids and he gave a wonderful presentation at a small Catholic college in eastern lower Michigan near Detroit. There must have been nearly 100 Detroit area psychotherapists in the audience and when he asked how many were using EMDR to treat trauma survivors/PTSD, everyone raised his/her hand! Stress R Us

[@JulianDiesel]

This is so exactly right. Some one actually gets it.

[@4SandiBeech]

These webinar clips have helped me understand myself better. I love Dr. van der Kolk. He really gets it! Plus that nice Dutch accent makes me feel good.

[@honingbijtje83]

I am Dutch and feel sad that he lives so far away.

[@lookitup7246]

MAN is this me! It makes me VERY angry that I am STILL dealing with this mess at 37. It makes me utterly hate adults who don't see how their actions impact children. They're the ones who say sickening stuff like, "You just need to get over it. You need to forgive." Uh...my life has been utterly f#cked because of what they did. I would LOVE to "get over it." How 'bout you abusive, neglectful, judgemental sacks of s#!+ admit what you did and accept how _profoundly_ it hurt the children who became f#cked up adults? THEN we might actually see some progress.

[@marcusnl66]

Look It Up I have the solution against PTSD. Sterilize people or have them undertake a phycological test before even hopping into bed together. It's not because that you can make babies that you should. All these fucked up kids in this world are living prove of the lack of competence in parenthood.

[@nicolewalden4754]

Look It Up I totally agree 100+% with what u said. The ones that fucked our lives, most (not all), seemed to be a family member. And they're supposed to be the "responsible" ones. Yeah right. My ass..!! If we can take responsibility for our own actions, why the fuck can't they..!? Cause they know what they have done, the gutless pricks. I had not one, BUT three male family/relatives sexually abused me from 2 and a half, until the age of 14. How about thinking that it's wrong. No shit. They don't realize how bad they have fucked up me up from back then, till the day i die. Consequences ya perverted sonofabitches..!! I'm still struggling, and i am 44 yrs of age. With so many problems. Some people shouldn't be allowed to have children.

[@julieplott6598]

It's me too, prostituting me started at age 3 until I was 17, I fucking hate my family, I moved 300 miles away from them and still not far enough, I'm 56 years old and have been in and out of therapy for 30 years, but dont really feel any better, I know why I feel this way, but that's about it, sucks, so sorry it happened to you guys too, I don't think I will get any better, I've given up hope.

[@maxpower6110]

Look it up It's a society filled with abusers (who will always defend your abuser, even though they know nothing of your case), and abuse victims with Stockholm Syndrome (who will always take your abuser's side as well). The third group are normal people, who often have no conception of the covert and monstrous nature of child abuse. Abusers thrive in societies of people that are atomized and mentally/physically weak. Survivors need to network to bring about change. Refuse to be silenced.

[@fortheloveofzina]

Various kinds of child abuse are normalized and acceptable all around the world and parents and others excuse it with supposedly good intentions, the stress of raising kids etc. People are just now starting to tackle spanking/beating kids but it's still very much a thing. And as a child who was regretted and scapegoated for being female (narcissistic mother, enabling father) I can say that regret is a huge factor in child abuse as well.

[@plumstreetmusic]

Thank you for posting this. I stuffed my trauma down deep for decades. Finally, I dealt with the memories and my depression gradually lifted as I worked through it. Repressed vs. Suppressed (Deliberate Avoidance) Memories of Childhood Trauma--Narrated: Part 1

[@HappyHolyHealthyLife]

So true, all my teachers thought I had ADHD but it was deeper than that 😭

[@grumpyoldlady_rants]

Has he been observing my life through the years? He is describing me!

[@EpicureanSwerve]

Thank you so much. I adore Dr. Van der Kolk for all his work.

[@ankeenbeertje1981]

How can you ever get over this? I have been suffering from cptsd for more than 30 years. Enough is enough.

[@ASMinor]

I am an avid #MentalHealthAwareness advocate and performer, and I love this so much. I travel the country trying to bring that awareness on stages, in classrooms, hospitals, and on my KZbin channel, so I get excited when I see other advocates. 💙❤

[@jamierobb6354]

Yeah. It's a big dis-regulation in coping with these bodily trauma experiences. Been having issue with this for 10 years before realising the food was just a coping mechanism to suppress the feeling of neglect, loathing, hate, anger and sadness of a missed childhood father figure who was absent, emotionally unavailable, verbally and close to physically abusive. It sets deep roots which need to be addressed to become a balanced and healthy individual. Luckily limbic system retraining programs have cropped ut. Along with EMDR, CBT and other therapies I believe we can heal and lead healthy lives again. So glad my therapist led me to Dr. Ramini's YT channel and the book 'How To Be An Adult'. Highly recommend both to everybody.

[@Iolanthe333]

Thank you Bessel for your work

[@The-bi5ry]

Me - hyperfocuses to the point of addiction and my sister - can't focus at all and both of us grew in a very chaotic home.

[@emmepigou]

Wow, this really helps me in understanding my Ptsd

[@raphaellavelasquez8144]

The children who need this treatment most won't get it. It's always assumed that there is a caring adult somewhere around observing.

[@kristikola777]

Yes.. and likely the "adult" or "parent" is playing the victim and/or the "concerned" mother.. scapegoating and blaming the child for being "disordered" or "mentally ill" etc. It's always easier for people to blame a traumatized/neglected child despite the obvious power imbalance.. especially mothers whom society worships and they will absolutely exploit this power. People assume all mothers love their children unconditionally, when many are actually are actually very sociopathic, especially to daughters they are jealous of or who are empathic individuals. I can't help but think this would not be such a horrible problem if society were not so ignorant about it.

[@kristikola777]

@wolf masque Actually I remember hearing my "mother" say how much she loved being pregnant... I'm sure it got her tons of attention, however once pregnancy was over she was apparently not prepared or willing to give up any of that attention, not even to give any to her own child. I don't know about patriarchy so to speak.. it seems to me the lack of it and how weak my father was to let her have control of everything despite her selfish lack of caring. It seems like irresponsible and weak, selfish men create these monsters. Maybe we could use a little righteous patriarchy. Abuse doesn't cause this. MANY people are abused and do not become sociopathic, and many sociopaths are only playing the victim due to narcissistic injury which isn't injury at all. It ultimately comes down to pathological entitlement and how much people will excuse and enable them.. and even praise them. Evil is a spiritual and societal problem and not psychological.

[@kristikola777]

@wolf masque I'm not the bitter one here lol I have been scapegoated and abused more than anyone else I know and I am not a sociopath.. quite the opposite in fact. I have been abused my whole life by spoiled evil people who don't even believe in abuse! They are past feeling anything but lust and rage.. like demons. They are not hurt. No, shame on you for condemning the truth without investigation.. which IS the HEIGHT of IGNORANCE. You are the one enabling evil and lies and protecting your own ignorance and/or indocrination.. yet you try to shame anyone who tries to point you to the real truth and are absolutely NOT part of the solution. You clearly are rejecting the immutable truth and will answer to God for that. Despicable. It is nearly impossible to survive this evil world without being abused somehow.. and by your "logic" that would make literally everyone a sociopath... including yourself. Sorry but some of us are super empaths who have never hurt anybody and actually care deeply about the truth and try to help people, believe it or not. That is all I'm going to say.. take it or ignore it. You are not my responsibility.

[@kristikola777]

@wolf masque I could write a book as well! They don't get better.. they only get worse. Their conscience is seared. They actually enjoy doing evil and they won't stop unless they become completely broken, and repent to God with all seriousness and humility but that almost never happens to these prideful evil people. They are demon possessed and they like the power they think it gives them. Only Jesus Christ can help these evil doers, and they must want to change. Unfortunately the world is too full of ignorant people who will enable and supply them so they never suffer or reach the point where they hit their knees and call on God Almighty.. which, to me, is proof they are not truly suffering. They only "suffer" when they can't manipulate and/or hurt somebody. The Bible is full of teachings on this and tells us to go no contact with them.. to not even eat with them... to "put away the wicked person". Light has no fellowship with darkness.

[@kristikola777]

@wolf masque Well I wasn't going to keep on with this, but since you asked nicely... I think I already answered your question in my comments too, but this is a heart (spiritual) issue not a brain (psychological) one. Jesus Christ is the only way out of this... he heals the broken hearted... he saves us and delivers through his Spirit and the power of his blood when we call out to him and follow him. This is very much spiritual warfare and I don't think we would be targeted if we were not of God to begin with.. the world hates God. I have PTSD as well, but he has delivered me from the abuse and keeps me safe as long as a stay close to him. I wouldn't have survived any other way. I hope this doesn't sound silly to you because it is the absolute truth! I hope you take it to heart. I will pray for you as well. God bless!

[@mukuzabethjenner]

Thank you for the distinction. 🙏

[@ritaevergreen7234]

Honestly I wish more info was related to how this impacts those with learning disabilties. There isn’t a lot that includes learning disabilties with complex ptsd

[@mauriciobarkema]

Thank's for the explanations, your work helps me to understand things about my history, it help me to feel more safety.

[@maya9685]

Am amazed that Dr.Bessel and the rest of the crowd don't even mention narc abuse and how Complex PTSD predisposes to re-traumatization in adulthood when the traumatized finds themselves over and over again with the same type of perpetrators ie narcopaths

[@LPoper]

He does talk about that, I've heard him in many videos & he has written about it too.

[@namitagujral108]

he does talk about it in detail, even in his book "The Body Keeps The Score"

[@rekhyt0712]

He really understands what I feel like. I wonder what his past was like.

[@kennyknapp5450]

im raised around the ones you should be trusting the most hurting you the most. not everyone is evil time will heal you

[@annp8256]

My transcript [Note: the transcriber has added comments within the [ ] marks. I feel this video would be more appropriately called: Childhood Trauma -- The Three Main Areas of Impact. However, it is entitled] The Treatment of Trauma: How Childhood Trauma is Different from PTSD TRANSCRIPT: ADD [attention problems, ADHD], Emotional problems [psychological], Trouble making friends [social/bonding/attachment problems] ... Are people who have experienced childhood trauma more likely to exhibit these behaviors? When trauma occurs at an early age it affects development in many ways. This can cause reactions in children that aren't even seen in adults with PTSD. Dr. Bessel van der Kolk explains how childhood trauma contributes to these problems. "We are really beginning to develop a discipline of Childhood Trauma [the specific study of, or specialty in, Childhood Trauma]. And what we see when we look at these kids and look at these kids as they grow older, is that their problems are very different from PTSD. The problems primarily have to do with -- 1. Attention: Being able to focus it on something and to engage with something in a very steady, consistent way. So they get thrown off. They have a hard time really focusing on things. Sticking with things. Concentrating on things. Filtering irrelevant stuff out. So they get hijacked. So that's one very big issue which deserves its own health specialty and series of treatments.

[@alisonmacleod3361]

Thank you Ann.. I appreciate your sharing your transcribed notes on this content rich material from van der Kolk. Best wishes,

[@marshwetland3808]

Story of my life! Spot on!

[@hafu1403]

+Marsh Wetland I agree

[@marshwetland3808]

+hafu It has helped me to fully focus on feeling my feelings when they occur, don't fight it, except when the waves in my body subside i tell myself "I love and accept myself completely just as I am." Really really helps - my mantra.

[@Sciffyan]

that's mindfulness. powerful skill

[@namitagujral108]

​@@marshwetland3808 happy to hear that you treat yourself well.You deserve it, we deserve it!

[@nataliakravcukova3261]

And it is called a complex PTSD, or CPTSD.

[@debrasagan9794]

Bingo....it started from my childhood neglect.

[@joannamario7759]

Reaching out with a warm hug to anyone out there, suffering from childhood trauma or any form of trauma. I Pray with you that you will be able to forgive completely, anyone who hurt you, and will be healed in Jesus Christ name, amen

[@journeyofrecovery6139]

Forgiving them? How about forgiving our selfs and the world for not seeing the problems. Forgiving them, why forgive them.... that doesnt heal.

[@LPoper]

I'm sure your comment comes from a sincere place so thank you, but admonishing forgiveness for unforgivable people doing unforgivable acts as a way to healing actually causes more shame, that somehow I'm lacking because I won't or don't forgive them. I do believe in God, and I'm comfortable He understands where I'm coming from.

[@jlo5357]

Forgiveness It'll clear the bitterness away It can even set a prisoner free There is no end to what its power can do So let it go and be amazed by what you see through eyes of grace The prisoner that it really frees is you m.kzbin.info/www/bejne/fH7RYYSEmc6ofac

[@waterofbabylon9169]

I wonder why the big names in trauma (van der kolk, leveene, walker etc.) avoid takeing on full blown dissociative disorders.

[@journeyofrecovery6139]

Ad de Jong & Agnes van Minnen are big dutch names and they dont avoid it :)

[@Justme19941994]

waterofbabylon van der kolk wrote about it in the body keeps the score

[@DEEPMOODYPURPLEBLUES]

@@Justme19941994 One of the best books I've yet to read on trauma and ptsd.

[@gracechan3039]

Any books on how to deal specifically with childhood trauma as an adult? I'm guessing I'm pretty messed up as I've blacked out really important people in my life. People that raised me and were present in my life until the age of 8 I only recall meeting for as if the first time at 13

[@LPoper]

He's author of The Body Keeps the Score-Brain, Mind and Body in the Healing of Trauma.

[@orioleaszme3415]

forgetting can be protective

[@LPoper]

@@orioleaszme3415 forgetting is usually our brain's 1st line of defense. What he brings out is that because trauma interferes with the development of our brains and nervous systems, it's always there informing itself on our life but we can listen to and learn from our bodies and actually teach our brains & bodies to basically "reset" so that we no longer continue to be retraumatized by the memories.

[@catarinaborga]

the body keeps the score. Yoga for trauma

[@namitagujral108]

Pete Walker's Complex PTSD: from Surviving to Thriving has many useful points

[@susanirelandmears3808]

wow this explains a lot of questions.

[@Pmgallagher2022]

I have read through this conversation. .I'm so sorry for all the pain..I hate it. .I am a therapist. Trauma therapy. I have found the power of forgiveness to be the beginning of healing. Not forgetting. .or even being around that person. .just releasing them to the Lord. Freedom lies here.

[@melk.3485]

2:49 Summary

[@lynnbarr520]

Can this lead to BPD?

[@tomvernham4594]

I would like to know if how pre teen/teen sexual abuse affects the brain and body

[@DEEPMOODYPURPLEBLUES]

You may find Dr. Van der Kolk's book, "The Body Keeps the Score" helpful - I certainly have.

[@ivanvincent7534]

PTSD is valid for those who experience injury from war or from childhood assault. The difference relates to the mechanisms needed to achieve suppression which differ depending on the developmental age at which the injury occurred.

[@stoneman289]

Wow spot on

[@hominidaetheodosia]

I need help so badly but I’m homeless and still being abused and I have no money to pay for help my situation is so extreme I would probably make a great case study could anybody help??

[@nicabm]

Thank you for sharing this, we recommend you contact [e-mail] to give us more details about your situation and how we can help!

[@hominidaetheodosia]

@@nicabm I will do that thank you 🙏🏼 thank you so much!

[@scrummywarmers780]

It says to click below to watch a free webinar but I don’t see anything to click on. Does anybody have the link, please?

[@paigehensley5226]

childhood trauma can cause PTSD in adults. I'm confused.

[@RlVAL0NE]

I think he is saying the effects will be different if you experience trauma in childhood, versus as an adult, where these areas of development have already taken form.

[@dRumpfsadouchebag]

At 2:57 Mark he explains the difference.. basically it's about the environment we are raised in forms our beliefs/ perception of the world that filters/ distorts incoming sensory information or thoughts. If the environment we were raised in seemed fearful, abusive, we were in constant fight/ flight or felt less than/ defective/ unlovable/ broken, then we stay caught up in trying to protect ourselves when someone ear may view the same issue as not that bad and be over it/ Let it go quickly.. it's not so much what happens to you, it's how you make sense of it as a child. Practice makes permanent, if we practice something incorrectly it will get wired that way.. because the subconscious mind works below the thinking level, a lot of people are not aware that those connections are activated and the brain stays in hyper or hypo arousal without our knowledge and them activates accordingly to protect us as it had been practicing for years during our childhood development ( hence the phrase developmental trauma). So we struggle in 3 main areas as he states here (also gives reasons why) attention, affect (emotion) regulation, and relationships.. at the 2:57 Mark he gives the basic difference between PTSD and developmental trauma (Complex PTSD or C-PTSD). His videos in seminars and his book the body keeps the score explains this in more detail and also lays out therapies to work with re- training the subconscious mind.. Understanding belief systems, changing them and our levels of attachment to those belief systems is of tremendous help. Don Miguel Ruiz and Don Miguel Ruiz Jr series as well as Gary van warmerdam mindworks (Google his video on belief systems if jealousy to get a quick idea, eye opening).. he also covers art therapy, yoga, theater... neurofeedback and HRV really helped me, however the Dr. Needs to have enough equipment and experience to be effective.. sebern Fischer has a book, neurofeedback in the treatment of developmental trauma.. prior to neurofeedback I did a year of DBT(the protocol Marsha linehan developed - full DBT - not partial or a non-linehan protocol), also did ACT therapy, schema therapy and somatic experiencing along with eastern philosophy readings of authors Thich Nhat Hanh (linehan based DBT), Pema chodron, Cheri Huber, eckhart tolle, robbins (the 6 human needs).. neuroscientist Daniel seigel and Allan Schore regarding brain development and brain, mind, relationship development and function.. it's been an 8 year, going on 9 year journey.. no matter what the debate is, I am living proof that this is exactly as these Dr and therapist claim developmental trauma is and it is possible to overcome or greatly diminish the effects on your life.. I had to pay out of pocket for most, so I was fortunate to have some retirement savings, now some of these are covered by insurances.. books and videos are on you tube and very beneficial (or purchase books, I would get them from the public library inter library loan and read them first, if they were helpful, I would purchase.. blessings, happiness and peace along your journey to reclaiming your life..

[@monroe444444]

@@dRumpfsadouchebag Wonderfully written response, thank you. You have done your work, although as I am learning through doing mine, self-love has no finish line: )

[@24568850]

@@dRumpfsadouchebag Thank you so much!

[@ts3858]

Chronic childhood bullying causes C PTSD!!

[@eufa4267]

I have to admit, I'm a little dissapointed. When I heard about the free webinar and watched the trailer I got excited, onl to then be informed that it's not free but cost almost 600$. Was that a joke or did I just click the wrong button?

[@nicabm]

Hi, the free webinar was offered up until 3/27

[@eufa4267]

Okay, I was just too late then. Thanks for the answer and the job you're doing :)

[@Kristen10-22]

Me period

[@barbarabrennan1753]

Too large. Whole weekend hijacked. Relationships. Always protect self.

[@lucillepinnock7975]

leaders who need medication due to being unwell.

[@DEEPMOODYPURPLEBLUES]

Russell Brand had a wonderful discussion with Dr. Gabor Mate` on his under the skin podcast, in which they discuss that very thing - the full interview is available here on youtbe.

[@petestevens3970]

So basic and so pervasive.

[@franksevers8782]

You don't know childhood trauma or P.T.S.D.

[@utterpositivity213]

I really hate this guy, I prefer Peter Levine.. All day long...