CHAOS in the cockpit. What went wrong?? Birgenair 301

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Seconds after takeoff, a Boeing 757 carrying 189 passengers and crew is in grave danger. Alarms blare in the cockpit as the three pilots struggle to understand what is happening their aircraft. The instruments they have been trained to trust, are lying to them. And what’s worse, time is running out. With every passing second, their plane is losing speed. If it gets too slow, it will fall out of the sky. Will the pilots be able to diagnose their problem before they lose control of their aircraft?
This is a story about how a small inconvenience can snowball into a full blown emergency. But more importantly, it’s a story about the importance of teamwork in the cockpit, especially in crisis. This is the story of Birgenair flight 301.
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Final report:
lessonslearned.faa.gov/Birgen...
Cockpit Voice Recorder Audio:
• Birgenair Flight 301 N...
Birgenair Livery:
forums.x-plane.org/index.php?...
All music licensed through Epidemic Sound
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00:00 Intro
00:58 Flight background
01:28 Pilots
02:32 Boeing 757
02:55 A critical weakness
03:15 Pushback and taxi
04:14 Takeoff
05:18 Problem solved?
06:23 Rudder ratio & trim warnings
07:27 Faulty airspeed indicator
09:37 Autopilot
10:33 Overspeed warning
11:12 Approaching a stall
11:33 Stick shaker
13:16 Cockpit confusion
13:38 Cockpit voice recorder audio
14:19 Aftermath and investigation
15:17 Pitot tubes
16:37 Cause of the accident
17:53 Systems knowledge
18:40 Safety recommendations and improvements
19:54 Thanks!

[@GreenDotAviation]

🟢If you enjoyed this video, join my Patreon to get exclusive perks! www.patreon.com/GreenDotAviation

[@Flowtups]

I was waiting for your video. Thanks for uploading it

[@mcratsix]

Great video Emmet. Small correction tho: bush did 9/11, not hijackers

[@GreenDotAviation]

@@mcratsix Thanks for the correction James I’ll put this in the video description

[@pikachu6031]

@@mcratsix And your evidence for this absurd comment is ……….What???

[@Mattyew]

Song at 9:38 ?

[@Thunderhorse007]

This is one of the most infuriating flight accidents I've seen. It's hard to find excuses for those three in the cockpit. Their stupidity and complete incompetence cost them and all those people their lives.

[@JoeB2490]

Worth mentioning is, that the crew was on very short alert. The original plane and crew could not execute the flight due to some problem with the plane. They where on very short notice (just two hours) but more importantly, they where already waiting for weeks on the island, as the company didnt want them to fly the plane back empty. Safe to say, they where desperate to leave. The report states that human factors and the split second decision of the captain to continue take off was influenced by these factors. Not an excuse though.

[@christopherpetit1718]

Basically a single insect ended up taking down a Boeing 757, because a veteran captain didn't cross check the other air speed indicators, or even listen to the relief pilot who was trying to fix the problem.

[@longdonglarry]

@@JoeB2490 to continue the take-off was not the problem. I'm stunned by the incompetence that they were unable to compare all those speed indicators and make a conclusion. Especially the captain. Man, that guy should not even have driven a bus.

[@JoeB2490]

@@longdonglarry It certainly was. You are drawing the wrong conclusons. We call it flying "ahead" of the plane. Thats why we check at 80 knts if eerything is going to plan. Once airborn with a smallish failure like this this escaltes quickly as the work load is already high. Yes, it is a minor failure one would think its easy to deal with. But in reality, in the sitaution it self it can get out of hand fast. Dont forget: The human mind works way way way worse in stressfull conditions. Thats why its absolutely critical to fly ahead of the plane. Because it keeps stress levels low and therfore decrease chances for human error.

[@longdonglarry]

@@JoeB2490 I agree. Rotating with that malfunction was certainly the second mistake(the first mistake was to not question the working conditions of the tubes after sitting unprotected for weeks), but still somewhat forgivable. At least not fatal. But how the hell can you not compare the 3 speedometers with each other once airborne? And the cherry on the cake: You get the stall warning and still ignore it. It seemed like the 3rd pilot knew what was going on but had no balls to advise the cap. in a clear manner. You see that often when plane accidents happen in certain cultures. The cap. is god and as a FO. you'd be crazy to question his decisions no matter how false they are. It sounds like you are a pilot and I understand that you guys don't call out other pilots even for the worst mistakes, but I'm wondering what you're really thinking in such a case. The AF crash is another one of those.

[@KimShailee]

One indicator was reading over 300 knots, the other was indicating 200, as well as the backup indicator. Which one was correct? Maybe the one that wasn't confirmed to be malfunctioning during takeoff?

[@tankthearc9875]

lol yep simple. wow i thought that the whole time, smh, then they couldnt figure out a stick shaker? capt was not good at all. the first officer should have taken over since his speed indicator was correct at take off.

[@ebaystars]

Stopyourself pulling breakers, bad habit, it's not a PC or washing machine. Put the nose on the horizon (assume ADI working) , trim, power set 80% both, [you know it will fly with these settings] watch everything for a minute or two (scan) see what's what, have chat, get a cuppa tea (the Theanin in tea will calm you down btw] , - is it climbing up or down? Assuming some form of altitude and VSI is working. Does it feel right???? Does it sound right..???? Then deal with it in a calm CRM manner report pan if required.

[@steveperreira5850]

@@tankthearc9875 : it is shocking to me how many of these high flight time supposedly professional pilots with 10,000 hours or more do not know how to fly. They are union hacks, not aviators….. The greatest mass murderers in modern times are airline pilots. They do it by the hundreds.

[@MrBsbotto]

​@@ebaystars The solution is so commonsense and reasonable that it drives me crazy those passengers had to die so needlessly! And this problem of poor ÇRM seems to come up so often, you would think it would be pushed so hard by management. Can't understand it! Belated RIP to all lost souls and their families. Thanks for another great production!

[@davidt8087]

Classic pitot tube only blockage. Effing private pilots know that blocked pitot tube shows you higher airspeed when you climb

[@msainmh2449]

It's so sad knowing how easily this accident could've been avoided only if the captain did his checks and don't have so much of an ego and listened to his co pilots

[@Randomworldindia]

Yeah i thought the same.. he was thinking that he has more experience then first officer so he can handle this easily without the help of others

[@merica166]

The FO should take control...

[@CCCW]

Such an incredibly preventable crash.

[@tankthearc9875]

i dont understand this at all. why would he not go by the first officers speed since it was working correctly at take off and his wasnt.

[@liukang3545]

@@tankthearc9875 turkish arrogance lmao what else

[@kellyedey8573]

Totally.

[@deauthorsadeptus6920]

@@tankthearc9875 Total idiocity, like: oh no, my brakes didnt work, lmao I am just gonna drive like nothing happend.

[@Chris_Sheridan]

.. really? - and why do you think that?

[@tonimontana2]

24000 flight hours and the captain doesn't know the basics of flying, its just amazing

[@tomvanthuyne]

I think it's not while crossing the ocean on Autopilot for hours and hours that a pilot is learning to handle problem situations. I think the total flying time is almost irrelevant (or even maybe a disadvantage) when encountering a stress situation. A pilot with that much experience runs on 'autopilot' himself so much that an unexpected issue can become 'impossible' or 'unlikely' in his experience that he doesn't know how to handle it. Every accident video (and I've seen a few) starts with how many flight hours the cockpit crew has accumulated. I think a more important figure would be the total sim time and the results of the pilots performance during that would be more relevant, don't you think?

[@opal177]

@@tomvanthuyne I also think that the number of manual take offs and landings would say more. Not the hours flown with autopilot.

[@gnarf250]

At least he died

[@trentarnold2670]

@@tomvanthuyne I mean, you are partially correct but first hand flying is irreplaceable to any simulation training.

[@jalenaviation4373]

They didn't get taught for this

[@britishrose9417]

This is the best flight accident channel in KZbin. The patient, calm explanation of everything, the background and the level of research is superb! Well done!

[@sctmcg]

Mentour is an actual pilot, so he gives a fantastic perspective but the research, the detail and the delivery of Green Dot's videos is the best

[@GreenDotAviation]

Many thanks!

[@Emzzz78]

I agree. The flight channel is pretty good too. It has no talking though.

[@crohr1000]

@@GreenDotAviation can you ease on the adds, you have 5 duble adds along every video witch is annoying and ruins the experience

[@sctmcg]

@@Emzzz78 Flight Channel was my first discovery in the world of aviation disaster KZbin. Probably the best simulations.

[@NicholasGuccione]

Rule #1 - When instruments aren't working, ABORT take-off. "No delays" are not worth the lives of all onboard.

[@AlyssaMcNeil]

It's incredible that all it took is 1 indicator to malfunction to bring the entire plane down, despite being other working indicators ...

[@TS-sg4qg]

I used to live in Puerto Plata back then. Friends of ours were on the beach and saw the crash, later we found out that neighbors of ours were on that plane. This crash caused me to develope a severe fear of flying - after moving back to europe I never stepped on a plane again for about 20 years. I dreamed about plane crashes on the regular basis, at least once a month. I'm trying to understand this particular crash in order to overcome my fear and this video is helping a lot with that. Unlike the "Mayday" video this is pointing out the known facts in a very calm manner. Thank you!

[@BucFanz63]

Even though it’s safer now, I take the train and cannot get myself to ever board a plane again.

[@mdaniels6311]

I actually feel more confident when I watch those videos, mainly because I know each crash usually means the same thing can't happen again as each crash comes with recommendations that are implemented. 2021 was the safest year in aviation history.

[@26CPowell]

I started watching these videos as well to try and ease my fear of flying but it only makes it worse !! Lol it’s gonna be hard for me to step on a Plane without trying to find out if my plane sat on the run way for a certain period of time and if they checked to make sure there aren’t any bug nest anywhere. When I plan on flying I’m going to need to speak to every pilot before take off smh that’s how paranoid these videos are making me smh I rather not know

[@26CPowell]

@@mdaniels6311 ummm this video confirmed that the same thing happened to another plane already so I’m not sure how confident your theory would make me

[@juliemanarin4127]

So very sorry 😢

[@buggergut]

The crew's actions were beyond incompetence. They obviously did not understand the basic systems and essentially ignored the plane's last warning to them about the stall. This is criminal.

[@KoffinKat]

Both the First Officer and the 3rd pilot were well aware of their situation. It was the captain who chose not to listen and sealed everyone's fate that night 😕

[@TerryWhisk]

@Jeremy Brown being dead doesn’t absolve them of anything lmao

[@olivercharles2930]

​@jeremybrown9179 It is more disgusting to defend people who caused the deaths of so many. I hope someone pisses in the captain's grave.

[@M-fk5eg]

@jeremybrown9179wouldn’t be talking ill of the dead if they weren’t so fucking incompetent

[@Studio732JRL]

​@jeremybrown9179 So being dead automatically absolves a person from any of the wrongs they've committed during their life? That's adorable. You are the reason why homeschooling and inbreeding are generally frowned upon in this Country. Now put your helmet back on, give mommy her phone back and go finish your fucking coloring book.

[@mycroftsanchez901]

Souns like a culrtual thing going on there where younger pilots are unwilling to challenge the senior pilot, it's happened in Korean and other aitlines. One of the pilots was aware of the issue as he kept shouting ADI but the captain ignored it. A sad and preventable accident.

[@juliemanarin4127]

You're right! If I were the junior pilot my mouth would be working overspeed! Sorry but it is my life too...among all the innocent crew and passengers in the cabin!

[@stevesteves945]

It's called crew resource management (CRM), and it can absolutely be a cultural phenomenon. If the cockpit power gradient is too steep, the first officer may be reluctant to challenge the captain if they observe them making mistakes or raise questions if they feel concerned about something. It's interesting that you specifically mentioned a Korean flight that crashed as a result of CRM. In most cultures it's taught that authority should always be obeyed and never challenged, but in Korea it's particularly stringent. I'd suggest looking into the sinking of the MV Sewol for a perfect, yet heart-breaking example of this. In 2014, a ferry with almost 500 people onboard, primarily Korean high school students, began capsizing off the coast of Korea. The ferry sank over a time period of hours, giving the kids ample opportunity to escape, but the captain ordered them to remain in their cabins. The captain then abandoned ship, and the kids remained where they were as instructed as the ferry was gradually sinking. There is even cell phone footage taken by the students that show the inside of the ferry listing heavily, almost sideways. You can see the students almost standing on the walls of the ferry, yet the students remained put. 300 people died.

[@martinqizeaq]

It's an Asian thing where seniors are always superior. When i heard the Captains name. I knew this would happen.

[@gaztastic]

How do you get that confused? A minute and 30 seconds ago, you previously both established on the ground that your ASI clearly wasn't working, and that in the air, the overspeed and mach warnings were wrong. Even after so, he still *pulled the thrust levers back!* Even his way less experienced colleagues recognized the situation before he did!

[@josephdantes1605]

Captain was probably out of his element. There were a bunch of warnings thrown at him. He probably wasn't able to tie them all to his own airspeed indicator, or realize his faulty air speed indicator was causing all of this. So if his mind is thinking about how to deal with these warnings individually, he definitely lost sight of the bigger picture. Seniority probably finished them off. Lots of airlines/cultures respect seniority where you don't question the most experienced guy.

[@gollumtheartisticnewt1028]

It was the middle of the night, with maybe a lack of sleep compounding it.

[@helloimclaudio]

@@josephdantes1605 That’s what I was thinking. If I had been the pilot in the back that knew what was going on, there’s no way all I’d do is just shout ‘ADI’. I would’ve been a lot more vocal to say the least .

[@Henoik]

Likely a case of get-there-itis

[@sharoncassell9358]

The pitot tube has a heater inside so when the capt got at higher altitude the heater kicked in and made the ADI appear to be working but only partially. It was still partially blocked and not giving proper readings.

[@KelpieDog]

Insects in the pitot tube are a fact. I'm a pilot, a few years ago two friends and I flew a Cessna around Australia. We stopped for a few days on the far north coast and when we took off we discovered we had no airspeed indication. After we landed we discovered a wasp had built a nest in the pitot tube. Exciting addition to the trip!

[@tomstravels520]

How come it took you until you got airborne to discover you had no airspeed? How did you know when to lift off? Did you not check airspeed as you accelerated?

[@user-fs4lv9lq7i]

Yeah right. You couldn't fly a paperairoplane

[@StephenLuke]

I am relieved that you made a safe landing along with the other two. By nesting inside airplane pitot tubes, those naive wasps always cause chaos and disruption.

[@cbuchner1]

Incompetence leads to chaos, chaos leads to suffering. By the way, that incompetence already started on the ground when pitot tube covers were not installed.

[@tankthearc9875]

i think what happened was the capt was in a fog like daze and the first officer should have taken control and gone by his speed indicator which was working at take off,.

[@doggonemess1]

Pitot tubes should have a system that blows high-pressure air out of the tube before flight to ensure that there isn't a clog. That would also blow off any tube covers that a crew might have forgotten, or blow a hole in the tape that brought down another flight.

[@SamPinchesMakerShop]

Or even just pressurise the tube enough to confirm no obstruction

[@davidt8087]

Or rather than redesign it, just put pitot tube covers, you know, like how it's done everywhere today from small planes to jets. Of course then there's that one flight where the pilots forgot to remove the pitot tube cover. And the fact the airspeed on thr captains side increased is what you learn as a PRIVATE PILOT with like 20 hours. If your pitot tube is blocked and static port is working, then your airspeed works like an altimeter, if you go up speed goes up

[@crazykittensmiles]

It's frightening how such a small thing can cause a crash.

[@Alberto-sv1ou]

It cant if the crew isnt composed of dipshits, this crew clearly was

[@domdidomdidomdidom]

Wow. Imagine an insect combined with the crew's chaotic problem solving skills killed 189 people. How did the captain became a captain at all?

[@giggiddy]

It appears that aside from passing a rigorous testing process for a captain position, they really don't have to show that they can and will handle difficult situations proficiently. In other words. A captain may have 10k plus hours in an aircraft but it could mean very little if he was lucky his entire career. You are basically a passenger for those 10k hours if nothing ever goes wrong. Its not like a fighter pilot that may face difficult situations every flight. Some of these guys have a great record with thousands of troubl e free flights. But the moment they have to make their money and take charge, they crash. Ive seen lots of supervisors in different professions that once they are put to the test, they can't produce. Maybe simulations should be more comprehensive and challenging. I don't have an answer but not knowing your speed should not result in this, ever.

[@tankthearc9875]

@@giggiddy was it so difficult? why wouldnt you go by the first officers speed indicator because it was correct at take off. then stick shaker indicates stall , so increase thrust and push the nose down a bit. its very basic.

[@bna441]

Wow. This is beyond incredible. As soon as you said the plane was sitting on the ground for 20 days, I thought...I hope the pitot tubes were covered! That aside, this was not even a complicated or stressful situation to manage, and yet the "experienced" captain managed to find a way to FUBAR it. I always say the doctor graduating first in their class and the one graduating last, both have MD behind their names.

[@anto687]

Sometimes I watch your videos and my eyes just widen and jaw clenches. How. HOW are THREE professional pilots so BLIND?!

[@anto687]

It’s like they’ve just learned to fly by rote, and never been subjected to training or a scenario in which anything went wrong. Their troubleshooting process is entirely “hmm that’s odd. Oh well it hasn’t crashed before it’ll probably work itself out”. Moronic.

[@fernandogallardo3458]

(1) Captain, do you know why the stick is shaking? No (2) Captain, do you know why the plane is stalling? No (3) Captain, do you know why the computer says, terrain pull up? No (4) Captain, do you know why there are three pilots? No

[@nits0717]

lmfaooo

[@ahcivek2590]

If you understand Turkish and the way he says “what’s happening??!” He truly was confused and out of place as to what was happening. Why this machine was not functioning to his inputs? You can also hear in his voice the true despair he was in. Probably his confusion and lack of understanding of the situation was from pitch black darkness outside combined with flat ocean underneath giving you the loss of spatial awareness.

[@quaezi3836]

I just binged all your videos over the course of the past week and what can I say.. the information you provide is of incredible depth. Yet, your style of presentation and the immaculate visuals make it easy to follow. I started watching mentour a few weeks ago and this is about everything I had to do with aviation so far. However, these videos make it so easy to really get into it. Good job man, keep doing what you are doing! I am super hyped for new content:)

[@GreenDotAviation]

Thanks for the kind words! Next video releases this sunday! 🙌

[@Kitsudote]

Just doing the same now. Absolutely brilliant channel!

[@m.s.8112]

A 757 with 2/3/2 seat layout cabin? Amazing! ;)

I immediately noticed it at 1:12. Probably there was no narrow body stock animation.

[@witoldbiskupski8097]

Together with joysticks in the cockpit !

[@benjaminpike]

utter incompetence resulting in the deaths of 189 - tragically sad

[@henryrolt3747]

There must be something psychological about unreliable airspeed conditions that really messes with pilots. Over a decade later, Air France 447 was brought down by the exact same panic and confusion following an unreliable airspeed condition.

[@swiftrealm]

AF447 was way more confusing, this one was easily preventable whereas the french pilots were flying through storms with frozen pitot tubes, hit their aircraft's ceiling at an exceedingly high AoA, and then when they realized the mistake it was too late.

[@ahcivek2590]

Did Air France incident also happen at night and over sea? Probably this was the leading cause I think. The feeling of “movement” just gets messed in your mind. Terrible illusion

[@tomstravels520]

You should cover the Malaysia Airlines A330 in Brisbane that left with pitot tubes covered just a few years ago. Pilots used technology to help get them to land (Back Up Speed Scale)

[@angelabourne7096]

He has recently! A great video

[@nesrinoz3926]

He did that, thank you!

[@fairlinda1]

Why doesn't annual pilot refresher sim courses include these past disastrous scenarios? Surely this would help.

[@dew9103]

The ironic thing is that the cover is supposed to prevent these wasps from blocking the pitot tubes

[@hrdley911]

It's so odd. It's like they randomly forgot the backup instruments.

[@isbestlizard]

It's like they randomly forget that 30 seconds ago the pilots airspeed indicator was so broken that he had to rely on a call out of rotate from his copilot whos airspeed indicator was obviously not broken as they actually went up into the air

[@deansmith1190]

Your presentation of this and similar events is so captivating. Think the background music really adds to it as well like at 9:39. May our overlord the KZbin algorithm be kind and promote this channel!

[@GreenDotAviation]

Thank you! More vids coming

[@barnabuskorrum4004]

How did 3 pilots not simply look at their Attitude Indicator and ADI (RIGHT IN FRONT OF THEM) to see their angle was up? This is beyond negligent.

[@aesthetically743]

It’s really unbelievable

[@Alirezarz62]

Turks

[@ricksturdevant2901]

I agree with other comments, your calm explanation in detail of the circumstances helps viewers with no flight knowledge have a better understanding

[@idkisaidit]

Really just need to binge like 50 of these before my flight tomorrow morning right

[@WayneM1961]

Having once flown with the Turkish airline "Onur Air" nothing that happened in that cockpit would surprise me in the least. What caused this accident was sheer incompetence.

[@Bamboule05]

I flew with a turkish airline inland once, that is, we took off and made a u turn in a very shaky airoplane and then landed again. I took the night bus to Istanbul afterwards.

[@WayneM1961]

@@Bamboule05 lol. You were probably very wise my friend.

[@Mina56]

You’re really good at story telling and setting the scene. The videos are informative and I appreciate the level of detail you go into, allowing someone like myself with no physics or aviation background to follow along and understand.

[@AZ0986688]

I remember when I started the theory lessons for my glider licence. The very first lesson I think, was about how pitot tubes work, and how a clogged pitot tube would work!! This is mind boggling!!:(

[@danto_xic]

Yeh and in a glider its still doable u have to do for idk what its called but for ur tests u need to make a flight without instruments. But in a commercial plane its really hard especially in dark

[@connielentz1114]

Years ago flying a small plane, a Cessna 182, with my instructor we had a pitot tube block. It was due to ice in the tube which happened after a heavy rain was followed by a drop in the air temperature overnight as a front came through. The day was cold bright and sunny and the walk around did not show any ice on the plane. We had vfr conditions and were able to return to the airport safely. I developed the habit of blowing into the pitot tube after that

[@Dancingonthesun]

This is another example of how experience doesn't guarantee competence

[@trevorsmith7753]

Similar to AF447 13 years later. They forgot about basic aerodynamics for lift, and panicked.

[@davidt8087]

Asia Africa and I think Europe work so differently. Airlines hire zero hour people directly and train them to 250hrs to quickly put them in the right seat. Heck many places the training is free. This means you'll have many poor and less intelligent people applying for the money but not qualified or smart enough to naturally be a pilot in essence they're not one with the plane. The airline just wants their pilots to know how to go from A to B quickly and rarely do any emergency procedures. This is why pilots overseas suck. On the other hand in the US the drivers are garbage and people sue left and right when a corporation messes up which is why pilot safety and pilot competence here is so much greater. 1500 hours needed just to be airline first officer, and safety is constantly hammered in US pilots, but in Asia or Africa or parts of Europe, what matters most is the airline filling the right seat and doing the minimum possible to fill that seat hoping nothing goes wrong in flight. No US pilots would crash this plane even if they took off for some reason

[@Stains87]

I'm not sure I'll ever want to fly during the night and over an ocean, ever again. 😭

[@ehilton7044]

Me too it is a major factor in accidents

[@mdaniels6311]

Well, I'm flying on one in two days lol But I'm not afraid of flying. I know how safe it is. Going to the airport and my blood pressure issues are the most likely things to kill me.

[@Cl4rendon]

Happens on a daily basis to thousands over decades without incidents…. If a steel anvil falls from a 10th floor on the street and kills someone, would you never cross a street again?

[@DisasterBreakdown]

Congratulations on hitting 50k subs!!! 💛🎉 I guess now 58k 👀 A very nice video as always!

[@GreenDotAviation]

Thank you! Big fan of your videos as well :)

[@phuketexplorer]

The B757 is a narrow bodied single isled aircraft, not dual.

[@revived1674]

I binge watched all of your videos over the past week. Super happy to see a new one! Keep up the great work!

[@TRARSTRN]

I am a Turk and there is nothing sadder than understanding those audio recordings.

[@ahcivek2590]

Vallaha yazıl olmuş abi ya. Nasıl bi illüzyon bu? Nereye gittiğine, ne, kadar hızlı gittiğini, nerede olduğunu, hiç birini anlamıyorsun. Korkunç geliyor düşünmesi bile ya. Görünmez ve ufku gözükmeyen bir cismin içindesin ve sen havzadasın (veya öyle sanıyorsun) ve bir rota takip etmelisin. Ne kadar gidebilirsinki yani haraketlerini bilmeden

[@abdisamadbashir1324]

This was the best English I have ever hears without caption I understood all,by the way I love the the accent 😍

[@juliepeasley7131]

Thanks for another great video! This one feels especially tragic. No matter how many instrument redundancies are installed, they are only as good as the crew’s trust of them. I like how you explain exactly what happened and defined some terms (CRM) just in case it’s somebody’s first time watching. I also really like how you list the safety changes that were made as a result of the accident, I will be using this information for a research project. I hadn’t heard of this flight although I have heard of others with the pitoh tubes. As always very informative, concise and thorough video.

[@pierreremy734]

These videos are so addictive and captivating I find myself rewatching videos I've already seen. I've learned so much by the clear narration and simple breakdown of aviation systems. Thank you ❤.

[@Shwobblywobbly]

I love those sim reenactments, those 15° pitch up in the ADI without any significant change in altitude made me nervouse just by watching. Great work, love this channel

[@Trainboyhaha]

Congrats on 200k, Fantastic videos, I love the flight sim and ur voice isn’t annoying like other peoples. Well done 🎉

[@laylaplaysgames6980]

Yesterday I watched one of your videos that mentioned that insect covering the tubes, and now I’m seeing this and how much it can affect everything. Weird how no one noticed that problem at all,and that a so experienced pilot with a perfectly fly able aircraft couldn’t avoid it. Rip to all those people

[@procrastination2204]

Seriously. I've never flown any aircraft before so I don't know what it's really like in there, but just from watching a few dozen Green Dot videos, every development in this story was completely predictable and I knew exactly how to solve each part. And when he said that they were decreasing their speed, I was already saying "so are they at least going to listen to the stall warning?" and of course when it came, they did not. Obviously it's a lot harder to think clearly when you're in that emergency situation and with all the contradictory alarms blaring and everything, so it's easy for me to criticize from behind a screen without having lived the experience. But for fucks sake if you can't handle something as simple as 1/5 speed indicators being incorrect, a problem that you knew from the moment you powered on the engines, then what the hell are you doing being a pilot?

[@federicoprice2687]

Another truly excellent account of a tragic accident. It's also a great teaching experience. Thank you once again.

[@GreenDotAviation]

Thank you!

[@Chanelle-fe2ub]

Best channel for aviation by far 💎

[@GreenDotAviation]

Thanks for the kind words!

[@Timmeh_The_tyrant]

This story is almost as good as the captain pilot who thought it was a good idea to pull out two circuit breakers from an import system in the middle of flight at 33,000 feet… Oh wait

[@ChaMok]

Thank you for your productions. I've binged them all in a few days.

[@davidhynd4435]

We have a small mud wasp in Australia which builds its nest in any small gaps or holes during the warmer months of the year. It catches small spiders, paralyses them and entombs them along with wasp eggs in a chamber constructed within the mud - the spiders then becoming food for the newly hatched wasps. I have on numerous occasions gone to start a brushcutter or mower only to have it refuse to start. Experience has taught me to check things like exhaust outlets or air filter boxes. It's surprising, but true, that these insects can pack enough mud into the exhaust outlet of a small petrol engine to prevent it starting. And just because you checked yesterday doesn't mean that it isn't clogged today. They are very fast and tireless workers. I imagine that such an insect could render a pitot tube utterly useless in about half an hour.

[@gusm5128]

Good point mate

[@Dbxc02]

I remember hearing that I think in Aus there was a SOP for aircraft’s to cover the tubes upon landing. I believe there was a crash relating to not covering them.

[@davidhynd4435]

@@Dbxc02 Yes, I think I remember that too. Somewhere in South America? I might be confusing two stories or misremembering the entire story, but this was a plane that had sat unused for a while and was then hired for a flight. It crashed and the investigation found that some kind of bee or wasp had blocked pitot tubes with mud. Or something along those lines.

[@Dbxc02]

@@davidhynd4435 yes sorry I think I confused them too!

[@daheikkinen]

Release the murder hornets 🐝

[@nopamineLevel100]

Absolutely love your videos! You have an excellent narrating voice, and explain the aviation terminology really well. 👍

[@GreenDotAviation]

Glad you like them!

[@johnny4498]

Wtf? Can't believe it. If I would be a pilot I would probably know every dial in and out in my aircraft and in that case even for me as a normal person it's absolutely trivial to compare the readings to the other sources of information, especially if the instrument already behaved wierd on the ground How can you trust such an instrument? Unbelievable. Very good video as always:)

[@nihlify]

Reality disproves that notion. When you have conflicting information, in combination with other things, people make mistakes. That's why we have redundancies. You saying you'd just know what to trust and not to trust is not realistic and easily proven wrong by many competent pilots making such errors.

[@TheMudsnake]

"If i was a pilot i'd just do everything perfectly!" Then go be a pilot bud

[@johnny4498]

@@TheMudsnake Never said that bud, read my comment again pls

[@mahqindia2414]

That captain was very lucky to survive 24000 hrs of flying. Sometimes experience makes people rigid and resistance to change

[@davidt8087]

24,000 hours where he used autopilot 99% of the time and nothing ever went wrong or nothing serious. The one second something went wrong that he couldn't handle quickly by pushing a button or following a checklist he's inckmpotence was clearly demonstrated and he crashed. In the US private pilots know exactly what it means when the airspeed reads 0 then suddenly seems to work when climbing. It indicates a blocked pitot tube. And a non imbecile pilot would realize the first officers speed indicator was working right from the start and at rotation speed they were able to take off normally, meaning the speed was correct on the FO side. Rather than use that side, the standby airspeed, etc, the captain and whole flight crew just showed they were not compotent. They were simply direct airline hires. In poor countries where the masses can't afford flight training airlines hire people for free, and train them directly from zero to first officer in jet at 250 hrs. To save costs, they only teach the absolute minimums to go from A to B plus a few emergency scenarios which are quickly forgotten because failures happen rarely. In the US, aviation knowledge is paramount and so is safety and you can't fly for an airline until 1500hrs and the airline hires you once you have 1500hrs, they don't pick you up from the street and train you from zero to 250hrs to fill their right seats. This kind of pilot making is disastrous. Correct me if I'm wrong but if you're in south America or Africa or asia tell me how do you even become a pilot outside of being luckily chosen by the airline academy and trained freely? General aviation doesn't even exist in Asia or Africa. Who can afford it anyway?

[@kylehall7676]

This is the 3rd to 4th video about crashes dealing with pitot tubes, if I ever fly again I’m going to ask if I can do preflight walk around or ask the captain if the tubes are uncovered and clear.

[@gnarthdarkanen7464]

Okay, I'm not the most avid aviator in the world, but I DO love my experimentals... (ultralights for those who aren't sure)... AND I have to point something out (and a question involved)... I've worked on and with a LOT of engines. Under a given load, I've NEVER seen an engine that didn't have a consistent output. That means, wherever you set the throttle for a specific speed one day, it's going to be the same (or VERY close to it) on any other day or time under the same load... In the experimentals, at least, most seasoned pilots could tell you if you've got an issue, just by the throttle setting and air-speed indicated... Say, 80% throttle, and you're doing 60 knots, they KNOW you've got trouble. If it's "running rough" they can even diagnose that, practically on the spot. "Oh... backfires and misses... You're either out of gas, or the fuel lines are clogged." Things like that... SO the question... Is it really THAT big a trick to LOOK down at the throttles for whatever the autopilot's doing and then match to the air-speed indicated and say, "Yeah, that makes sense." OR "Nope, this one's busted, too. That CAN'T be right." Look, I'm not about bashing the people involved. I think the FAA and NTSB (among others, et al) have done enough analyzing... I'm interested in a clever detail to think about while you or anyone is aspiring to be a pilot or to improve yourself AS a pilot. Maybe take some time and occasionally STUDY those throttle positions as they associate to the actual speed of the airplane. Then if something weird, like this, happens, you have an easy, quick, personal check you can do that will lend acknowledgement to what the issue actually is, almost instantly... If you're throttles slip back under the autopilot to 30% and the speedo' keeps insisting that you're going 280 to 300 knots (or something ridiculous) you can grimace and say, "Welp, this one's FUBAR, Cap'. You got a good airspeed over there?" AND get into the QRH, and start on those procedures and check-lists, rather than scratching heads and butts and wondering if the aliens have finally hacked into your plane's brains and took over... ;o)

[@IIIlIIIIlIIIII]

You're right. In fact, in the handbook each pilot has, there is a chart tabulating engine throttle, pitch angle, and resulting air speed. It is possible to fly with no airspeed indicators using this chart (and this has been done in emergencies before).

[@gnarthdarkanen7464]

@@IIIlIIIIlIIIII Thanks, I thought as much... which makes what these guys did even a tad more confusing. ANYWAYS, it's worth at least a foot-note somewhere so the relatively inexperienced can "catch up quick" and maybe learn so they don't repeat those kinds of mistakes. Even without the chart, a casual "visual assessment" should make some sense of things. You know? Then one pilot can start "doing the hard math" (referring to charts) and the other can get back to focusing on flying the plane. ;o)

[@sifuerik]

Years of fying complacency! Pilot error.

[@gnarthdarkanen7464]

@@sifuerik AND an illustration of just how easily you can take for granted a task that you do daily, no matter the level of responsibility or how dangerous. ;o)

[@zvisger]

Your videos are the best man! I love watching these before I go to bed... idk why but it helps me sleep, you just have a soothing voice :)

[@joshbelton2689]

love green dot aviations videos.. amazing content. your channel will grow fast. i hope nothing but success for you friend

[@StellaMurano]

I didn't expect new episode to drop on Sunday's evening, but I would lie if I'd say I'm not going to watch it right away. :P I'm already familiar with this disaster, but I would love to get to know your perspective. Thank you

[@dann5480]

I thoroughly enjoy your videos. Great quality always.

[@GreenDotAviation]

Glad to hear it!

[@RobertHollander]

Quoting the video, "If the airspeed gets too low, the airplane will fall out of the sky." I'm trying to put a positive spin (pun intended) on this and I can't think of anything to say except that's not true. To state it in simple terms (even though the phenomenon is not aerodynamically simple) an airspeed that is too low will cause the aircraft wings to stall. If no action is taken to recover from the stall, eventually the aircraft will crash. However, stall recovery is a crucial part of pilot training, even for beginner pilots. Proper procedures for stall recovery are practiced repeatedly. Rarely do stalls result in accidents and never do they simply cause an aircraft to "fall out of the sky."

[@mariaevans5793]

Just subscribed, you narrative style is excellent, you explain everything in a clear and simple manner, so a lay person like me can understand , thank you !!!!!!😁🇬🇧

[@giggiddy]

You do a fantastic job and the overall quality is very good. Thank you for your time. Also, thank you for making these at least a half hour long. Some rush through the content like they are making a late night infomercial. Any shorter, and there is too much missed. You aren't rushed and you get the information out there. Thanks again.

[@OccidentalonPurpose]

I'm not even a jet pilot and this is one of the most frustrating one of these videos I've seen.

[@faisalmafat6160]

Love your content I keep watching your videos over and over. Thank you and have a great day 😀😀

[@gabrielnilsson5398]

Thank you for the high level details and beautiful presentation 👌

[@PauperJ]

Green Dot Aviation brought another video to us. Hooray!

[@stephenwilliams1950]

Yes very good clear and to the point with no long boring adds .

[@avishjha4030]

i was waiting for your video for so long. Please post more often, I really like your investigations.

[@jasoncarter4343]

Yes, but I remember hearing that pilots were later tested with this very same problem in flight simulators and many of them failed.

[@LordCommanderSpaceAlligator]

Lets be honest here.. I think you just made that up

[@johnwhittington4209]

​@@LordCommanderSpaceAlligator are you being honest about the situation he reported or your thoughts about his comment?

[@kitsune090]

Low IQ?

[@stevenwest000]

You do a great job with your videos. Your research and reporting is second to none. Glad to be a subscriber! ✅ Could they not have changed the settings for the AP to take its information from FO? What a completely unavoidable crash. I knew you would say it was an insect’s nest in the tubes.

[@mikemoreno4469]

That was very well presented.

[@bluesmoke8826]

I visited Puerto Plata in 2006. They have a monument at the harbour/battery area. It has every single name of the passengers on that flight

[@EannaButler]

Fair play to you. Always a great story teller. Thanks! Such a terrible pity that this flight went so awfully wrong. This is one of the most significant learning-events for any airline I've come across myself in my limited exposure to airline crashes. It's honestly upsetting! Hope that every pilot sees this vid, familiarises themselves with the content, and understands the impact of CRM and effective logical thinking and quick triage. I know that, 26 years later, things are better, but the main thing is responding appropriately under extreme real-world pressure.

[@ebaystars]

no it's (yawn - yet another) a significant event for new cockpit instrumentation design to help CRM under pressure of failures.

[@stone_pog8918]

Similar one to Aeroperu 603. Both pito tube failures which lead to disaster. Similar crashes need similarly excellent videos. This is the result.

[@tomstravels520]

Aeroperu was loss of static ports, this affected airspeed and altitude

[@efficiencygaming3494]

The part where the captain compared his faulty instruments with those of the first officer and declared that "both of them are wrong" infuriated me. How did he come to that conclusion when he didn't even bother to check all the other indicators in the cockpit? A gut reaction? It's not like he could have known that from prior experience... The captain was probably aware of all the flying experience he'd amassed and fancied himself the finest aviator in the world, when in reality he was only extremely lucky up to that point and was grossly unprepared for an emergency...

[@nils9853]

Many Turkish guys are very proud and not very open to admit a failure. Rather the whole world is wrong rather than themselves.

[@kurtisjack3358]

I’ve binged all your videos! Great stuff

[@GreenDotAviation]

Glad you like them!

[@publicmail2]

3 degrees pitch up and proper engine thrust...it's a Bonin.

[@156615]

god what a disaster

[@corneliakobilke4638]

Ive flown out of this airport many times…thanks for telling this!

[@laurablanco2508]

Thank you for your videos😊

[@salim1175]

Very unfortunate. Rest in peace ❤️🌹

[@PerryPlatapussi]

The F.O should've taken over controls immediately

[@isusumu-x882]

Nice. video, as always! Greetings from Bangkok Thailand

[@johnnynikkisophie]

I’ve become addicted to these videos. So well done and entertaining., some so very sad, but entertaining

[@anthonyalles1833]

Given the critical importance of Pitot tubes, why are they not built to blow out a puff of air as part of the start-up routine, to ensure that the tubes are clear (e.g. to blow off a missed tube cover)? Why not also have a backup tube in the body of the aircraft, that could be automatically deployed when the regular tubes malfunction, or do not agree? I also don't understand why the aircraft would not automatically ignore the reading from a tube that shows a reading different from the other two tubes and substitute the reading from the backup tube - that's why you have a backup in the first place.

[@jass7981]

Way too much work for the payoff. It would cost hundreds of millions to implement.

[@anthonyalles1833]

@@jass7981 Adding a digital comparator would cost 'hundreds of millions'? As I recall, this is the same excuse that Boeing gave for not having a comparator circuit for their radio altimeters, that lead to the 2009 Turkish Airways flight 1951crash (kzbin.info/www/bejne/m364c62JZdOSedk). Gee, no wonder Boeing is going down the toilet.

[@SeekingTheLoveThatGodMeans7648]

If a pitot tube clogs on the ground, shouldn't this be immediately seen during the takeoff roll once significant motion is underway and be part of a takeoff configuration alarm? This would seem to me a last chance to catch the situation before the craft leaves the ground.

[@holyfordus]

It wouldn’t set off the takeoff configuration horn because faulty instruments have nothing to do with the state of the flaps, slats, etc. Those had all been set correctly on the flight, anyhow. The problem was something that would only be caught by the two pilots cross-checking their respective instruments during the takeoff roll, which they did. They *should* have aborted the takeoff then and there, but they wanted to get going. Patience pays.

[@davidt8087]

⁠that doesn't explain the crash. It's just sheer inckmpotence plus in poorer countries people Dont get hired as pilots, they beckme pilots by being trained from zero to first officer for free by the airline directly. The only motive the airline has is to fill the right seat as quickly and cheaply as possible. They don't care much about teaching pilots aircraft, aviation, weather, and so much more other knowledge, and etc. Just the basic minimum regulations, knowledge, and piloting "skills" to from a to B in standard Conditions, with maybe a few hours of emergency procedures which the pilots forget. It's completely different in the US where safety and aviation knowledge is highly emphasized and paramount, and first officers become first officers after 1500hrs of self dedication to get that many hours. Not in other especially poorer countries. Airlines just pick names and then start them off to go as quickly as possible from zero to airline pilot .

[@grahamstevenson1740]

Good video. I thought I was familiar with this incident but in fact you've drawn my attention to the fact that only the Captain's ASI was defective. This makes it particularly perplexing. Presumably, his experience stopped the other 2 pilots being more assertive. Truly a gross CRM failure, the plane was perfectly flyable.

[@michellestevens5849]

These stories are so heart breaking.

[@guyfranks4354]

The cabin view shown in this video is incorrect. The 757 is a single isle aircraft, like the 707, 727 and the 737. Other than that it is a very informative video.

[@autumnleaves2766]

Sad to learn about these totally preventable air crashes. It's like a forerunner of Air France 447 in many ways. I hope the pilots are getting better training these days. CRM has also probably improved since then, but there can still be cultural differences where a senior captain is not challenged. RIP to all who died that night, it should never have happened.

[@AlAl-en9ce]

This stall situation and pilots just not responding to it seems to be a common theme. They need to do something about it. Maybe they have.

[@dew9103]

@@AlAl-en9cealpha floor protection has been here for a long time. But then every time one of these crashes happen, the airspeed indicator would be broken temporarily due to ice, the plane goes into alternate/direct law which doesn’t have alpha floor protection, the disoriented pilots stalls the aircraft

[@richardedwards7780]

Great videos!! Very addictive!! Thanks!!

[@big_man_ank1768]

Beautiful videos :D

[@vociferon-heraldofthewinte7763]

Isn’t the 757 a single aisle narrow body plane? Otherwise great video.

[@Eruma_27]

It is

[@johnwhittington4209]

No, it's 40 abreast seating

[@okanturkcan4618]

Great video! One important point to add is that this crew wasn't expecting to fly that night, they were called up replacing another flight and they had remained in the Dominican for a long period before that. I've always felt that that is one possible explanation for the behavior they showed. Add2: one of the engines stalled which caused the aircraft to roll sharply. This added even more to the chaos.

[@srfrg9707]

So you think because it was nigh-time they weren't able to follow the rules and forgot how to fly?

[@okanturkcan4618]

@@srfrg9707 not as an excuse, but it might have contributed to a decrease in situational awareness and perhaps even get there itis.

[@srfrg9707]

@@okanturkcan4618 Decrease of what? Pilot : Ok folks. It's a night flight. We are going to rely only on our instruments. Co pilot : 80 knots Pilot : My speedo reads zero. Co pilot : We have an issue. do we abort? Pilot : No. No. It's ok. We don't actually need instruments to fly by instruments. Trust me I am an experimented pilot. It's not a decrease. It's plain stupidity.

[@okanturkcan4618]

@@srfrg9707 This is not how it went :) They indeed did not abort takeoff while they could, but by the time you realise the issue on a dark runway on a far away airport when tired they did not just abort takeoff immediately. And after a few seconds, you are already flying above 100kts. The Mayday/Air Crash Investigation episode and the final report will show you a bit more of a nuanced narrative than the one showed here.

[@srfrg9707]

@@okanturkcan4618 they had plenty of time to open the procedure books and apply the instructions. But is was captain Karagöz and co-pilot Hacivat doing the usual thing they do.

[@lorimeyers3839]

Love your vids!

[@StephenLuke]

RIP To the passengers and crew of Birgenair Flight 301

[@kdub1242]

We humans have to constantly watch ourselves and force ourselves to be logical. (I could make references to current events in the news, but let's keep it aeronautical...) It's not that we get stupid, but our emotional state can cause us to neglect or dismiss reliable data that is readily available, and/or latch onto questionable information sources. Perhaps the captain, seeing that his airspeed indicator was behaving unusually, simply neglected all the backups out of some unconscious assumption that they too must be bad, and erroneously narrowed his focus to just his and the FO's.