Language Overview: Arabic

[@alamira.9635]

This is genuinely ludicrous that I am lucky enough to have found this channel. Cannot believe there is such a professional FREE video that gives you a phenomenal overview of all that you need to know about such a complicated language. I wish you the best of luck man

[@DOGormanAD]

you should watch languagejones, langfocus, and robwords. great channels with a similar vibe to this

[@alamira.9635]

Not to mention how you made me, a native speaker, feel as if you knew more about the language than I did. Truly impressive that you do this with so many different languages.

[@linaelhabashy4608]

Same

[@ryuko4478]

Here are some notes: - "South Semitic" is an incredibly outdated theory, Old/Ancient South Arabian (also called Sayhadic to avoid the connection with Modern South Arabian) is now classified as a Central Semitic branch, while Afro-Semitic/Ethio-Semitic and Modern South Arabian are separate branches of West Semitic which Central Semitic is a part of as well. - You seem to struggle with /ħ/ which is completely understandable, no judgment, but I would note that most Arabic speakers finding approximating /ħ/ with [x] or [χ] to be unpleasant and suggest approximating it with [h] instead! - Classical Arabic is not based on Old Hejazi, it was a mixture of conservative dialects that are more conservative than attestations of Old Hejazi. Old Hejazi is the dialect the Qur'an was written in, so Old Hejazi was still super influential. - the affect of substrate languages on Arabic dialect is very often exaggerated, of course there was some effects, but a lot of evolutions can simply be explained as the dialects evolving and differentiating over time like any other language. - While most dialects of Urban Levantine do have q > ʔ, saying that all of Levantine has that is an oversimplification as the Levant (especially Palestine) has the most diverse reflexes of *q which include [q], [ʔ], [g], [kˤ], [k], [ħ], and [ʕ]. A fascinating detail is that in the capital of Jordan, Amman, the reflex [g] is considered masculine while the [ʔ] is considered feminine, but because children tend to talk more with their mothers than their fathers, a man speaking with *q [ʔ] is common when they are at home or with very close people but speaking [g] is the default in public. - Similar to the previous point the natural evolution of Classical /θ ð ðˤ ɮˤ/ to /t d dˤ dˤ/ and the reloaning of MSA /θ ð ðˤ dˤ/ as /s z zˤ dˤ/ is not an element of all Levantine dialects, as some still preserve interdentals so Classical /θ ð ðˤ ɮˤ/ end up as /θ ð ðˤ ðˤ/ and MSA /θ ð ðˤ dˤ/ are loaned as /θ ð ðˤ ðˤ/. - Also Levantine Arabic dialects usually have more phonemes than that as emphatic harmony (a pharyngealized sound spreading it's pharyngealization to the rest of the word) has introduced /mˤ/ and /bˤ/ to many dialects, and some (especially in Jordan and Palestine) innovating a /rˤ/ too. - /lˤ/ is a separate phoneme from /l/ in both MSA and most Arabic dialects, in MSA and Classical Arabic it only exists in one word /(ʔa)lˤlˤaːh/ but sound changes and compounds has introduced extra sources of /lˤ/ in many dialects. - at the end of a word gemination is usually (but not necessarily) not maintained, the reason why it's important to always remember if a word ends with a geminate is for knowing how to pronounce it with a suffix: /ħubb/ can be [ħubb] or [ħub] but /ħubbi/ *has* to be [ħubbi]. - [sˤeːf] is a very common pronunciation of the word "summer", you might be mistaking it with people who preserve diphthongs as they do [sæjf~sɛjf] and [sˤɑjf], preserving diphthongs (even if inconsistently) is one of the rare features of Levantine Arabic that isn't that common in other dialects. - Levantine also has a lot of vowel reduction! the actual reason Maghrebi dialects (Morocca, Algeria, Tunisia) are hard to understand for people in the Eastern Arabic speaking world is because media from the East commonly spreads west but not vice versa, so Moroccan have more exposure to Egyptian and Levantine than vice versa. Another is that Maghrebi dialects tend to preserve different words from Classical Arabic that others might not be familiar with. Add to that how common it is for Moroccans to insert a lot of French in casual speech and you get a recipe for being hard to understand! - Actually Persian and Urdu orthographies are more conservative than Arabic on how the letter *yā* acts, in Classical and Qur'anic Arabics it was a single letter but in MSA it was split to two letters, but people in Egypt still use the older Classical version! - the feminine suffix is pronounce /-ah/ in Classical but most drop the /h/, as for Levantine /-a/ is preserved next to pharyngealized consonants, uvulars, and glottals including /h/ like /ʒiha/ "direction", /ʒabha/ "forehead", /nakha/ "flavour", and /mintibha/ "she is paying attention". - VSO is SUPER common in informal and casual speech, for example /ʔakal lwalad ħumˤmˤusˤ/ "ate the boy hummus" is not ungrammatical or particularly rare or formal - All numbers except 1 and 2 usually enter a construct structure when modifying a noun, the reason 1 and 2 don't participate is because you use the singular and dual to tell the number of a noun, but you can emphasize numbers by putting them after the noun as an adjective rather than a construct structure, so /tlat tiffaːħaːt/ "three apples" but also /tiffaːħaːt tlaːte/ "THREE apples" - *ǧim* was /g/ in Old Arabic not Classical Arabic, the Classical pronunciation was /ɟ/. also some people dialectally do geminate *ǧim* North Levantine /ʒʒisᵊr/ rather than /lʒisᵊr/ isn't uncommon. There's a lot I could add but this is a long comment already so let's end it with me as a native speaker of Urban North Levantine saying your examples sentences: /bidna nʕuːd lalʔabraːʒ bukra/ [ˈbɪdnæ nʕuːd lælʔæbˈrˤɑːʒ ˈbʊkrˤɑ] I personally prefer saying /nirʒaʕ/ instead of /nʕuːd/ but that's just an idiolectal difference /lʔusuːd ʔatˤtˤaʕit halkaʕke laʔarbaʕ ʔitˤaʕ/ [lʔʊˈsuːd ˈʔɑtˤtˤɑʕɪt hælˈkæʕke læˈʔærbæʕ ˈʔɪtˤɑʕ] weird sentence! btw you can use the plural masculine conjugation with lions, the rule about using the feminine singular for non-human plurals is a Classical/MSA rule that rarely applies to modern dialectal speach, and even in Classical/MSA they are examples of non-human plurals getting plural agreement especially to humanize the non-humans or give them more agency (similar to how you're supposed to call a dog "it" in English but a lot of people don't!), it's also especially common in poetry for poetic and metric reasons.

[@jaif7327]

>the Classical pronunciation was /ɟ/ wait what?

[@ryuko4478]

@@jaif7327 that's just how it's pronounced, it is very clear from how Sibawayh described it, how it was loaned into other languages, etc. that it was /ɟ/ in the Classical period, some dialects in Najd, Yemen, Sudan, etc. still preserve this pronunciation.

[@seanhartnett79]

So what dialect do you speak and how do you know the differences between all these dialects.

[@ryuko4478]

@@seanhartnett79 I speak Urban North Levantine Arabic (aka urban Lebanese/Syrian), my family is a mixture of Syrians and Lebanese people, so I don't really follow normative Lebanese or Syrian, tho I guess my speech is somewhat closer to Syrian. The reason I know all these differences between dialects is because researching languages is a hobby of mine.

[@seanhartnett79]

@@ryuko4478 interesting thanks.

[@YaBoiHakim]

Very decent video, you did a good job. One bit of advice though, relax when speaking Arabic, you over-pronounce way too much. Bring it down to 60% and re-evaluate; you'll sound a lot more natural. It's very common with American English speakers learning Arabic, and with those that have a Hebrew background (which seemingly you do).

[@rosaburgs6019]

Hakim! Glad to see you’re finding the same channels I am.

[@appleislander8536]

Wow, my favourite commie

[@jellosapiens7261]

Yeah, I've noticed your voiceless pharyngeals are creeping way up, to the point where they could be easily mistaken for a uvular

[@linaelhabashy4608]

As a native speaker I noticed that too, but you’re pronouncing them write a little bit aggressive

[@seanhartnett79]

Great. I am surprised you are here Hakim.

[@lyxthen]

Huh! Surprised this doesn't have more views. My boyfriend is Egyptian and I'm trying to learn the language (without much success, if I am being honest), but this is a very interesting video, even though I'm not yet at a point where I understand most of it.

[@watchyourlanguage3870]

Good luck!

[@martinomasolo8833]

Classical Arabic was not only based on old Hejazi (the Arabic of the Quran) but on a sort of koiné of dialects already in use before for example in pre-Islamic arabic poetry!

[@Atlantjan]

In Maltese, like in Arabic, the plural miksur (broken plural) nonsense is not just a reality as well, but it's fairly common for female nouns too. But the worst thing is that even though the archipelago is basically the size of a medium sized city, depending on where you are many plurals are broken differently. It's insanity.

[@Fottrel]

i was laying in bed last night thinking about how cool abjads were and thinking about learning more about arabic. this is a miracle. great video! subscribed

[@climatechangeisrealyoubast3231]

I’m really impressed by the depth of this vid and ur pronounciation. I still struggle with it a bit cuz arabs often will try teaching u fusHa instead of their dialect. Also because of all the consonant shenanigans I completely forgot the vowels when I learnt the pronounciation. Funny things that I basically only studied some of the pronounciation of levantive arabic and then started studying Turkish which I’m now semi proficient in instead of arabic. Fun stuff 👍🏻

[@belalabusultan5911]

ah yes, squeeze the first 9 years of school education of Arabic language int 1 video, and add the extra spice of including dialect studies (which is never taught in Arabic schools actually).

[@BakerVS]

Wow. I know my way around the big Indo-European languages (English, German, French, Italian, Russian), but Arabic seems EXTREMELY complicated, at least in first impression! Nice video!

[@nightthemoon8481]

As an egyptian who spent literal thousands of hours learning msa in school, it's way more complicated than most people could imagine

[@linaelhabashy4608]

@@nightthemoon8481 because as a native speaker of a dialect, you have to relearn things when you’re learning MSA because you can’t do them anymore because they’re ungrammatical or they’re not right so I would say it’s harder for a native speaker to learn MSA that it is for a non-native speaker to learn MSA

[@nightthemoon8481]

@@linaelhabashy4608 I've personally been exposed to enough msa through tv and stuff as a kid to consider myself an almost native speaker of it, i can get almost everything off of sense, but the advanced grammar stuff is just on another level

[@PaleoalexPicturesLtd]

The speculation about the disparition of emphatic/pharyngialised consonants does not deal with what would happen when those consonants close a syllable ! In this position they still would very much be necessary since they have no consistent effect on a following consonant.

[@Algeriawindows69]

9:49 the crown thing is call "al-shada" which makes the letter sound longer. kinda like you say the letter two times.

[@NewLightning1]

Germination?

[@Algeriawindows69]

​@@NewLightning1exactly

[@ibrahimx9560]

Yup I speak arabic, and yeah I kinda suffered a bit with MSA grammer in school, it is extra complected for sure, and while the dialects aren't much easier, I like to think they're a bit simpler and easier to learn to foreigners since in levantine we have almost a (to be) verb. My dialect is also kinda levantine but I don't wanna discourage you but there's dialects within the dialects within the dialects 🤣 Each city and town has almost it's own dialect, you can basically know someone's origin using the way he speaks here in syria and we're only 20 million something! It was a good video and I can tell it was exhausting great job ma dude, the pronunciation is good but you tend to stress stuff a bit, yeah hope studying arabic wasn't that insufferable 🤣🤣🤣 Cheers from crumbling Damascus 🥂🥂

[@karamboubou8579]

yep, here are a few tips to differentiate varieties within levantine: damascus and lebanese arabic tend to use the glottal stop instead of q in lebanon and some parts of the syrian coast they tend to reduce /a/ to /e/ (occasionally /o/) on pretty much the entire syrian coast we use q. aleppo arabic is pretty different, they use some fairly different vocabulary from the rest of the levant, and their vowels are further back (?) im not sure about jordanian and palestinian arabic because i haven't really met many people from there.

[@kshitijvids]

do one for Persian, please!

[@manetho5134]

فعلا لما الشخص بيبقى بيتكلم اللغة كلغته الأم مبياخدش باله من كم القواعد الكتيرة و المعقدة الي هو بيستخدمها و هو بيتكلم، أنا متحدث باللغة العربية و مكنتش عارف إني بعمل كل القواعد و الأنظمة دي و أنا بتكلم، بس على العموم فيديو عظيم و نطقك للهجة الشامية جميل جدا، تحياتي من جمهورية مصر أم الدنيا🇪🇬

[@seanhartnett79]

Pretty much, I signed up for a language exchange online and I am helping an Algerian practice his English. And I am having to dig back to primary school to explain how things are. And why some stylistic choices are basically mandatory.

[@seanhartnett79]

You will always be better at your mother tongue than your second language. Unless you have immersion at a young age for a long period of time, in school.

[@seanhartnett79]

I have a button at the bottom to translate your comment. So maybe you can translate my comment if you want to know what it means:

[@XFlashSofts]

I think you can switch the SVO structure around, for example: أنا بحكي عربي انا العربي بحكيها العربي انا بحكيها بحكي أنا العربي بحكي العربي أنا العربي بحكيها أنا all of them translate to: I speak arabic but the most used one is the SVO, but it would not feel weird if I heard the other forms.

[@Ahmed-pf3lg]

Only the first is correct, the 5th one sounds backwards, but it doesn't sound "broken"/improper, so I'll give you that. The other ones all sound improper/broken, like a foreigner/non-native. It's grammatically wrong. Plus, some of them literally use feminine verbs despite Arabic being a masculine word.. so incredibly wrong grammatically. -From an Arab.

[@KurisuMakise-nc1ds]

@@Ahmed-pf3lg nope they're relatively correct. it might be incorrect in Levantine cuz I'm not from there but i've heard many say other than SVO from there but not exactly the same as how the comment said it. speaking of my dialect najdian dialect (qassim in particular) it's considered correct as long as you indicate that the noun is actually an object for example instead of a subject for example: البيضة أنا أكلت/ه or البيضة أكلتَه [kinda OVS although you can say that the ه is the pronoun suffix that works as the object here instead of the البيضة. and it works with MSA to like البيضةُ أكلتُها] also in MSA: لمكةَ ذهبت [this clearly OVS with no pronoun suffix for the object and it is still correct and even in modern dialect is correct at least for najd and the White dialect which is influenced by najd or more specifically by Riyadh a lot] for VOS the example in the comment needs some modifications such as deleting ال- cuz it makes it a bit of incorrect. which will make it بحكي عربي أنا or بحكي عربي. [btw in qasim at least we don't really use this sentence instead it would be عربي أنا/ أنا عربي I think the same applies in there too cuz أنا أتكلم/احتسي عربي is kinda meh that's why I said the example that was used isn't good cuz we don't really use it in day to day life] a better example would be: انتظرك بالبيت أنا [VOS] {L: بنطر لك بالبيت أنا, بنتظرك بالبيت أنا} انتظرك أنا بالبيت [VSO] (تنتظرن أنت بالبيت؟, انتظرن يا محمد بالبيت) {L: بنطر لك أنا بالبيت, بنتظرك أنا بالبيت} أنا انتظرك بالبيت [SVO] {L: أنا بنتظرك بالبيت, أنا بنطرك بالبيت} بالبيت أنتظرك أنا [OVS] {L: بالبيت بنتظرك أنا, بالبيت ناطرك(؟) أنا} بالبيت أنا انتظرك [OSV] {L: بالبيت أنا بنتظرك} أنا بالبيت انتظرك [SOV] {L:أنا بالبيت بنتظرك} personally I use OSV and OVS more especially in this example cuz the object is more important than the verb here and depending on whether I consider my waiting is important or not (like if I need you to hurry up) the verb would be before the subject if it's important or else after so basically you could say there's no correct universal order but rather depending on the situation and what suits it better (with modifications for the words of course) also in MSA or perhaps I should say classical Arabic some of the aforementioned examples can be applied other than the usual VSO but it depends on the context and differs on the meaning and my reasoning is not necessarily applied to it. Also to note out my examples are more towards gen Z and millennials or those whom were raised on the internet cuz we get more influenced by other languages which made our grammar differs a bit from ppl older than us so it might not be always seems correct for them when I use some of the grammar that I showed an example of but not vice-versa.

[@Ahmed-pf3lg]

@@KurisuMakise-nc1ds Well yes, the edits you made on the comment made it proper. However I was strictly talking about the examples used in the original comment. Now that you re-phrased it and edited it, it sounds proper. Btw I am Saudi from Jeddah.

[@user-zd6cn4zw8e]

⁠@@Ahmed-pf3lgi don’t think the feminine verbs are that much of a stretch if you think of (arabic) العربي as implicitly referring to اللغة العربية (the Arabic language). I think it comes down to dialect

[@LamDaSky]

FYI it’s mostly northern Levantine that shifted “th” (both ث and ذ) to “t”/“d” or “s”/“z” (especially “s”/“z”). In southern Levantine you can still very commonly hear “th” as in MSA. Also, qaf is not always pronounced as a glottal sound in southern Levantine, but also as a “g” (like in garden).

[@tunistick8044]

12:00 well at least in maghrebi dialects, there is a gemination with "jim"

[@casualmajestic9223]

What an astonishing video. I’m very impressed, thanks!

[@AdadGhanem]

Arabic is my first language..I've watched the last video with no problems..but now after adding the arabic subtitles, for some reason i can't concentrate on neither the subtitles nor what you are saying

[@sergeychistov8162]

Underrated video. This is quality content!

[@Ibrahim666ss]

It was a great video, I enjoyed it, But I'd like to note that انكتب is never used to mean subscribe, You'd always hear اشترك used rather than انكتب And I'd also like to talk about something interesting in my dialect, Najd Arabic, The old passive forms of verbs i. e كُسِر got replaced by the class 7 verbs i. e انكَسَر as a new passive form, But older people tend to keep the old passive forms.

[@tunistick8044]

We do that in maghrebi dialect but it's 't' instead of 'n'. At least for Tunisian

[@Alaedious]

Are you considering making a video about Icelandic and your experiences with this language? 🙂🙃

[@suomeaboo]

your channel probably has the most complete language overviews i've seen so far, that's amazing

[@aaronchidester806]

Yeah, you definitely deserve more views

[@aaronchidester806]

If you're open to suggestions, I'd enjoy it more if you talked a little slower. But if you feel like talking fast is your thing, I can keep watching your videos on .75 speed haha

[@SWilla00946]

Japanese is probably the hardest language (grammatically) that ive studied. I know its also considered one of the hardest for english speakers. I found the language extremely logical and when i put in some effort the rules stick. Arabic on the other hand terrifies me. Im super interested in the culture,arts and just the stories that come from that part of the world(especially north africa)but i dont know if i have the time for something that'll give me this much of a headache... The university im gonna transfer to has arabic classes that go up to upper intermediate. Im not sure if its msa or a dialect i just know the professor is a kurd. I might take it idk. Russia scares me less and the uni has russian literature classes ill be able to take later on

[@jaif7327]

1:01 arabic originated in the levant

[@alyahmed4824]

13:50 اسدين او اسدان بطتين او بتطان يعتمد علي الحاله الاعرابيه في الغالب تبقي الالف في حالة الرفع و الياء في النصب و الكسر ولاكن اريد ان اشاركك اغرب شيء تعلمته في العربية. في الصف الثاني عشر او العاشر تعلمت ان فعل جواب الشرط اذا كان شيئا اجابيا يكون له حالة اعرابيه مختلفه عما اذا كان سلبيا مثال: ان ذاكرت الدرس تنجح و ذاكر الدرس تفشل و المقصود في الجملة الثانيه هو حتي لا تفشل ولاكن تحذف حتي و لا للعلم بهما

[@mr.alhusaini8250]

لكن*

[@user-nh7my6gg5b]

Glad I found someone who loves linguistics as much as I do

[@monkeyofthestate469]

What do you think the best way to internalize all of this grammar is? I am learning Arabic but am a beginner.

[@watchyourlanguage3870]

I’d say practice translating your own sentences, that’s what’s worked for me

[@nightthemoon8481]

Ngl probably the only realistic way is to get a lot of input through movies or videos or whatever

[@meow_meow_J]

Input, input, input, osmosis is the way to go here. Of course study the grammar first

[@JeffreyEpistine]

I'm jordanian. And I'm genuinely confused why you chose our flag?

[@watchyourlanguage3870]

Jordanian is the dialect I primarily studied

[@JeffreyEpistine]

@@watchyourlanguage3870 oh! Very nice I never see much people talk about our country or culture or even dialect. So it's very nice to know that people care :)

[@jaif7327]

arabic originated in jordan and syria , oldest arabic writing is from bayir jordan 800bc

[@WhizzKid2012]

The Arabic word for windstorm is the most epic-sounding word

[@otesunki]

17:54 eeeehhhh i dont think we say "five and forty, three hundred, twelve thousand", im pretty sure its "twelve thousand three hundred five and forty"

[@idkk4125]

Not necessarily

[@otesunki]

@@idkk4125 yes, that order is technically still correct, but ive never heard anyone say it in my life

[@seanhartnett79]

@@otesunki interesting.

[@AChildressABright]

What you say about phonemic mergers is at 3:33 is incorrect. Historically, all th and dh (and ظ dh’) fronted and merged with t and d and (d’) in all native words. Words with th or dh (or dh’) that were re-borrowed from MSA into dialect were matched with the (perceived) closest phoneme in the dialect - s and z (and z‘). The z’ pronounciation of ظ as z’ is now even the norm in the Levant and Egypt instead of origibnal dh‘. ء hamza historically was lost as a phoneme. In roots it developed into the radicals w or y. In isolated words it got lost or survives as lengthened vowel, w or y. In any case the modern day pronunciation of q as glottal stop devolopped much later and this new glottal stop is a bona fide phoneme. It can be distinguished from merely phonetic hamza (at words starting with vowels for example) by being non-elidable. Words with probounced hamza in dialect are bortowings from MSA. a

[@abdolilahmajid_21]

شكرا لك و تمرين بسيط هل يمكنك ان تخبرني ما معنى هذه الكلمة " لاصلبنكموا "

[@Neversa]

Thanks for the video. I think I no longer want to learn Arabic

[@seanhartnett79]

Should you focus on learning a specific dialect, like in general when you are learning a language.

[@Seagull_House]

كا مصريه، انا مش فهمي نقص اللهج دي. مش عرفه إزاي عمري ما شفتهم كا لغتين ابل دى الوقتي

[@TheAspiringCentenarian]

How many languages do you speak?

[@NewLightning1]

Wait, aren't Vowel initial syllables disallowed in arabic?

[@homosapien.a6364]

the arabic subtitles are painful to read, it is hard to talk about such formal topic with an arabic dialect, it would have been great if it was in standard arabic, but overall it's a great video :)

[@yassineanassine7905]

Great vedeo .But you still have to work on ح sond because you pronounce ح similar to خ

[@GooberedON]

Your videos are like langfocus on steroids AND crack, its crazy!

[@qawbecrdteyfugihoipjaksldm2279]

“We will return to the towers tomorrow “ 🧐

[@thecoltster1]

bruh lmao

[@graffiti9145]

Make a Language overview: Portuguese please 🥺

[@hampai7137]

You get what you wish

[@xXJ4FARGAMERXx]

Also why do you pronounce ح a bit like خ ? I can't tell if you're saying حدي (my limit) or خدي (my cheek) Your خ is pretty much perfect, it's only your ح that's weird. The ح sound should sound a bit like a desert zombie, what you've got is a thirsty out-of-breath desert zombie sound.

[@Erinnmnn]

13:00

[@seanhartnett79]

Basically any symbol based languages are very hard.

[@Yahya-sb1yo]

Moroccan isn’t a dialect tbh, there’s no intelligibility whatsoever, but since what sets a barrier between a dialect and a languages is purely political nowadays so we will never get our native tongue standardized and we will never learn with and be proud of it, but instead learn 2 foreign languages just for nothing

[@NewLightning1]

What sets a dialect and language will always & has been political since ages ago

[@colitipal]

This is funny!

[@ey_ad_123]

"الله" doesn't mean god "إله" means god

[@xXJ4FARGAMERXx]

ياخي ما عندي وقت اصحح كل الأخطاء ويا بوية شگد اخطاء 😂 Translation: "bro I don't got time to correct all o' the mistakes (and My god the number of mistakes you have)"

[@katamaridamashii]

get off your high horse and calm down. he's still learning, why would you expect him to sound exactly like a native speaker? instead of praising someone for learning your language you make fun of them? ياريتك سكت والله قل خيرا او اصمت

[@Hussein_Al_Enezi-w4p]

مثليش اني منتبهت 🤔

[@gottod6895]

Maghrebi dialects are so divergent, to the point where they must be counted as different languages. We understand Middle Easterners while they do not understand us, and we borrow extensive French and Berber words which are in our core vocabulary, simply put they are indispensable. For your examples: Chuft l-film li sma3ti bih. /ʃuft l'fiːləm lɪ smæʕti biːh/ I saw the film which you heard with-it. 7abin nerj3u lil les tours ghudwa. /ħæbbiːn narʒʕʊ li-le tuːr ɣʊdwa/ Les tours is borrowed from French. Siodda gat3u Ttarta l rab3a trofa. /sˤsˤjodda gatʕu tˤtˤarta l rabʕa tˤrofa/ or you can substitutute trofa by morsowat /morsowɛt/, from French morceaux.