Rise of the Cossacks - Origins of the Ukrainians DOCUMENTARY

[@KingsandGenerals]

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[@aska8923]

Could you stop calling our capital KIEV it`s name is Kyiv after ancient ruler of Rus Kyi

[@mokarokas-1727]

@@aska8923 - lol, take it easy. Are you pronouncing/spelling the name of every city in the world the same way the natives do? ;)

[@berkosmansatiroglu]

Hi from Turkey.

[@mikenorris5656]

Please don't forget about Nestor Mahkno!!!!!!

[@syamkumarkaturi9761]

PUTIN WILL CONQUER EUROPE BY TAKING SUPPORT OF THE MONGOLS

[@bohdanhovorun3078]

Regarding the origin of the Cossacs, it is also worth mentioning that in 1528 there was a nation-wide nobility census in the Grand duchy of Lithuania (Popys Zemskyi). As a result, some nobility, who could not prove their origin, or (more commonly) made wrong enemies at the court, were stripped of their rank and land. Those guys also joined the cossacks and they certainly held no love for the government of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

[@agentfundacji1]

Didn’t knew that, may you send a link or propose some book on the topic ?

[@lucinae8512]

By misfits I didn't just imagine adventurers and criminals, but also small nobles who were banished for pissing off the wrong people.

[@bohdanhovorun3078]

@@agentfundacji1 Links are getting deleted(( Try autotranslating this article. This is about Volyn specifically, but this might give you the general idea. «Особливості проведення земського перепису литовсько-руського війська у Волинській землі 1528 року» // Український археографічний щорічник. - Вип. 16/17. - 19/20. - С. 151 - 164.

[@bohdanhovorun3078]

@@lucinae8512 Sure, just clarifying) Said census was followed by "The first statute of Lithuania" in 1529 (Перший литовський статут), which, among other things, regulated the rights of nobility and introduced some uniformity. Previously, there were "sorts" of nobility - armoured boyars, zem'yans, and others. After this code of laws, all nobility became "shl'ahta", and those who were unlucky enough to not fit the new order had to find a new place in the society. Some of them ended up in Zaporizhya, bringing their martial experience with them.

[@agentfundacji1]

@@bohdanhovorun3078 thanks, are you studying history by the way ?

[@bangscutter]

Poland-Lithuania: "So, are you Cossacks fighting for us, or against us?" Cossacks: "Yes"

[@007ShaolinMonk]

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, although being de-facto a country of 3 peoples with Ukrainians being the most numerous, de jure it was a country of 2 peoples. Which, of course, led to lots of problems and bloodshed. Cossacs fought for themselves and their freedom in the first place. It was either you live a semi-military cossac lifestyle or you are a slave (a serf).

[@agentfundacji1]

@@007ShaolinMonk that is a massive oversimplification mate

[@007ShaolinMonk]

@@agentfundacji1 you expect me to write a treaty or a poem as the answer to a simple commentary? Are you all right?

[@enndee989]

Zelensky, a true Ukrainian hateman(cussack leader)

[@Lenny2012S]

😀 bravo

[@BeyondYore]

Nice to quote "Hey Sokoli" in the beginning! It is one of the most beautiful folk songs as well in Ukrainian as in Polish.

[@cossakman101]

oh yeah I'm glad i'm not the only one that noticed.

[@FirstWolfWarrior]

Slovak too!

[@RealMothman98]

The Interslavic version is also gorgeous. I'd suggest giving it a listen.

[@BeyondYore]

@@RealMothman98 Sounds interesting could you give me a link? I do not find it somehow

[@alexandersidorenko9568]

The author is Polish teacher from Vinnytza in middle XIX, who was fascinated by Cossack history.

[@iaroslavvasyliv8674]

As you noticed, the biggest problem for Ukraine as democratic state was, that it was always surrounded by empires…

[@posteador]

They are in an indefensible position of many plains. Very tricky, almost as if the only way to survive was the cossack way.

[@blachenko9809]

thats true for the whole central eastern europe and balkan

[@chris1806]

Ukraina is a fake country

[@just_inker2584]

Ukraine:"You know, I was something of an empire myself".

[@Pettigrew88]

Hence the Kiev Rus? Really all Russians claim Ukrainian heritage…..no?

[@taras3702]

I had long known about the Cossacks even though I was raised in America. I was named after a fictional Cossack, and my parents knew one who settled in St. Louis where they were living. They have always fascinated me, and it pleases me Ukrainians today still celebrate Cossack traditions, customers and culture.

[@camokat86]

Your ancestors are not from Ukraine but you were called Taras ?

[@taras3702]

@@camokat86 They were Ukranian.

[@Frank-ro2xh]

Nice origins history

[@shylockwesker5530]

Let me guess, Taras Bulba?

[@taras3702]

@@shylockwesker5530Yes, Taras Bulba.....

[@qqtrol1774]

There is a big oversimplification in calling the magnates of Ukraine 'polish aristocrats', yes they were the rulling class in a state entity that today is quite misleadingly called 'Poland' but they were predominantly of ruthenian origin. Most of them adopted polish language and catholic faith in the seventeenth century. What made them polish by those days standards was being the citizens of the Commonwealth but even after they 'fully' polonised they still described themselves as 'gente ruthenus natione polonus' that can be translated to 'of ruthenian origin nationality polish', the main thing is that your ethnicity was far less important for the people of this region than your class. For example in the XVI century a calvin noble from western Poland would feel much more fraternity with his ruthenian speaking orthodox counterpart from today Ukraine than with a peasant or a burgher from his surroundings. Fast forwarding to the XIX century we can see that when your ethinicty becomes much larger factor in your national identification there are examples of many families in which brothers and sisters are choosing different nationalities (polish and ukraninian, polish and belarussian or polish and lithuanian). It is also worth mentioning that polonisation of the eastern nobility wasn't aggresive at all and it would be best to describe the process as: 'ruthenian nobility polonised itself' rather than 'ruthenian nobility was polonised'. I know this comment is also a big oversimplification but any has to be as there have been tens of books written about the topic.

[@agentfundacji1]

It is simplified but right in its core issue which is that being of noble origin was something much more important to people in early modern period and the so-called ‘polonisation’ of ruthenian aristocracy and nobility was a complicated process and cannot be described in XIX century fashion as ‘Ukrainians and Belorussians taking polish identity’. Also you point out, correctly I believe that being a ‘Pole’ in let’s say XVIII century meant something really different that in second half of the XIX, especially after January uprising.

[@theowlx7_alex245]

Orthodox people were oppressed in the Commonwealth, for example there is a lot of evidence that you could have problems with obtaining handicraft master status in cities, a lot of Orthodox churches were forcely closed and their land taken as only the Union Church at one moment has become the only one legal non-Catholic church in the country, and a lot more stuff that *forced* you to become Catholic and polonise. Some have done so because they honestly wanted so.

[@qqtrol1774]

@@theowlx7_alex245 It technically was illegal but it wasn't really oppression by the state which had very little authority. It was mostly the catholic church as an institution which can be accused of those practises and individual noblemen who in practice up to the middle of XVII century had religious freedom (more than it they had right to enforce any denomination on their subject and many newly converted to catholisism ruthenian nobles tried to excersise it). Even after the middle of XVII it is right even the orthodox noblemen lost their privileges but it was after khmelnitsky uprising. There is one big exception to what I am talking and that is the reign of King Zygmunt III who was a zealous catholic and actively supported policies which I must repeat were mostly practice of the church and individual (not meaning scarce in number) noblemen.

[@bogusawgas3759]

@@theowlx7_alex245 Not only in Poland but generally in Europe - it was planned and methodical persecution of other religions conducted by Catholic Church, probably the most famous cases of it were in Spain (inquistion) and France (Bartlomew's Day), in Poland it is called counter-reformation and was relatively milder - without mass killing or burning heretics alive (quite rare, separate incidents happened). In the Commonwealth was more or less strict religion toleration politic which prevented religious wars in opposite to the other west european countries.

[@MrNonejm]

You say it's wrong calling them Polish aristocrats then quoting phrase in which they call themselves Polish

[@LeoWarrior14]

Hey, hey, hey, Falcons. Fly past the mountains, forests and valleys...

[@steffanyschwartz7801]

Hej Sokoly

[@mrgopnik5964]

Hej Sokoły ❤️

[@Andrew_U]

🇬🇧 Ring Ring Ring bell, My steppe Skylark 🇺🇦 дзвін дзвін дзвін дзвіночку, степовий жайвороночку

[@apexnext]

_Lo, there, somewhere near black waters,_ _A young cossack mounts his horse._ _Sadly he parts with his girl,_ _But even more sadly with Ukraine._ _Hey, hey, hey falcons!_ _Fly past the mountains, forests and valleys._ _Ring, ring, ring little bell._ _My little steppe skylark_ I actually had to look it up, that's pretty cool. 😎👍

[@kingmichealthefirstofroman2278]

Somewhere from beneath that black water A young uhlan* mounts his horse He tenderly bids farewell to his girl Even more tenderly to the Ukraine

[@MalachiCo0]

The Cossacks seem so "become ungovernable", and that's an ethic I'm in love with. New favorite pre-modern day people.

[@wojtek1582]

Those catholic lords, magnates from Ukraine were actually Ukrainians/Ruthenians too. They just converted to Catholicism and polonized. Many of them were far descendants of Rurik. Most of them used old Rus title knaz (prince).

[@NPC-fv3nc]

@Mergor x Depends where and when the title was used. During the reign of Boris I of Bulgaria, it was equivalent to a King, later his son - Simeon I the Great was crowned as the first Tsar(equal to the Byzantine Basileus) by the Patriarch of Constantinople in 913.

[@wojtek1582]

@Mergor x In Polish language prince and duke are the same word. In those times in Polish-Lithuanian monarchy you could be King (monarch), great prince (monarch - in later times it was always the same person as king), prince (just a title in most cases not connected with any rule over given territory and where it was connected with a rule you were subject of a monarch) and rest of the nobility was just members of nobility able to use only title of knight or some office name if they had any.

[@HubertSychterz]

W I RP nie było tytułu "Duke." A "książę" przysługiwał tylko tym, którzy mieli pochodzenie od Giedymina, Ruryka bądź Piasta.

[@williammozy9491]

That makes alot of sense, because the Szlachta titles were extended to Lithuanian and Ruthenian nobility. Not to mention, it was a commonwealth, so honestly it sounds more like they overthrew their own nobles, who had been backed by the Polish nobility

[@kefirmroku4494]

@Mergor x "Knaz" or "kneg" is literally the same word as Germanic word "konig" or "king" and Turkish word "khan" or "khagan", so they are translated either as "petty kings" or as "princes" The word "duke" in Slavic languages is "voivod".

[@Anton_Danylchenko]

Otaman and Hetman were two different things. Otaman(Ataman) was the elected ruler of Zaporozhian Sich. Sich itself was a military camp where Cossacks gathered e.g. before planned military campaigns. Sich was located in different places throughout the history. Hetman title meant simply the leader of the army - there were hetmans in Polish and Lithuanian armies as well. Khmelnytskyi never was an Otaman. He fled to the Sich and was proclaimed as a Hetman - the military leader for the upcoming new military campaign. The state formed by Khmelnyskyi - the Hetmanate (the real name of the state was Zaporozhian Host). But there was still another state - the original Zaporozhian Host (led by Otaman). And the relation between Hetmanate and original Zaporozhian Host were not always good.

[@jailedtwice735]

@Ka1 The term hetman has a German root.

[@skullsforerlikkhansthrone9306]

@Ka1 Ataman is Turkic title(probably a cognate with the word Ottoman, since Osman was Arabized-then-reTurkified form of Osman I's original name, Ataman/Otman), meaning "headman/elderman" Hetman coincidentally bears the same meaning with the Turkic ataman, however it is obviously Indo-European(head-man)

[@jailedtwice735]

@Ka1 There is no need for any ket-men/kut-men, moreover this is not a logical etymology. I did not find Cuman - ketmen in the Codex Cumanicus. The Czechs have been using the term hetman since the 13th century (zemský hejtman), without any Turks. The Czech word "hejtman" is derived from the Old High German "hauptmann" ("haupt" means "chief" or "head", "mann" - "man"), and the Polish "hetman" - from the Middle Low German "hōd-man" (in the XIV-XV centuries, was used the variant "etman", from the XV century - "hetman"). In the German language of that time, this word had the meaning "commander of an armed detachment"

[@margaretaticarat7871]

ATAMAN,HETMAN,...is close to hitman.

[@lukaswilhelm9290]

So to put it simply it's like political office vs military office?

[@stomtrooper_34]

My hometown, Kremenchuk, actually was founded as one of those forts against tatars in 1571

[@theawesomeman9821]

cool

[@oleksandrlysenko611]

Кременчук, походить від тюркського "керменчик", що перекладається як малий замок(фортеця). Якщо мислити логічно, то стає зрозуміло, що Річ Посполита не могли заснувати Кременчуцьку фортецю, бо це місце вже мало назву фортеця від попередніх володарів татар.

[@samalaimukhametova7290]

@@oleksandrlysenko611 ,если вы украинец,то вы меня удивили,обычно против татар вся ваша история, что украинцев, что у русских.Когда надо делать всемирным злом Золотую Орду вы солидарны русскими в истории

[@oleksandrlysenko611]

@@samalaimukhametova7290 Розділяй та володарюй - давній імперський принцип. На жаль по відношенню до татар, українців, чеченців і т.д. часто використовувався інший, жорстокий макіавелівський "вільне місто краще знищити і розсіяти його мешканців, бо вони не забудуть про свою свободу і повстануть навіть і через сто років."

[@baird5682]

Is it still there?

[@teq_nix]

Sir, as a Pole interested in history, I congratulate you on the objective material that is consistent with historical sources.

[@artemlaptiev4407]

I can not understate how much I want to see the next video on the history of Ukraine from you! Please continue making them!

[@Artur_M.]

I see what you did at the beginning. ;-) Of course, it's just scratching the surface of an immensely complex and complicated topic (several topics, really). You could make an entire episode about the Church Union of Brest (1596) and how it contributed to the rise of tensions in Ukraine, or create a whole series taking a closer look at the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from its origins. One thing that I would really like to add was in the part when you discussed the various likely roots of the egalitarian, "democratic" culture of the Cossacks. I'd say that, paradoxically, the political culture of the Polish-Lithuanian nobility was among these roots. The members of _szlachta_ not only enjoyed great privileges but were also very numerous (the lowest of the very varied estimates put them at least at 5% of the whole population, way above the European average) and were all legally equal (no additional "tiers" among the aristocracy, with different rights and privileges). That meant (among other things) that tens of thousands of nobles, many of them simple farmers, took a direct part in electing their kings (who in turn could do very little without the approval of the Sejm - the parliament of the Commonwealth). Many Cossacks found this system attractive and wanted to participate in it, but were harshly denied access. In 1632 a delegation of Cossacks showed up at the special session of the Sejm (known as the convocation), which was preparing for the next royal election, and demanded to take part in it, as they were "the members of the Commonwealth" too. The Grand Chancellor of Lithuania, Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł supposedly told them that they may be "members" of the Commonwealth but are to it like fingernails and hair to the human body - need to be cut from time to time, once they grew too much. Well, as we can see that attitude backfired a bit...

[@dilofozaur]

Famous Polish bard Jacek Kaczmarski wrote and sang a song about the aftermath of it during the reign of Jeremi Wiśniowiecki (ukr. Єремі́я Вишневе́цький) in Ruthenia.

[@Leo-yr5jb]

The Rada existed back in the days of Rus, oddly enough, the roots lie in the official historical legend those times of the Polish nobility and Cossacks. Both of them traced their history back to the Scythians, and there it was known from written Greek sources that there was democracy among sword owners. Kossak considered any Ruthenian potentially equal after using the social elevator in the form of an army. While the Polish nobility considered a Pole not a nobleman to be dirt, as in principle, a Rusyn Lithuanian, and then they really did not like social elevators. That is, the Cossacks approached the original. The more people with full civil rights, the less power each representative has. That is, the Polish nobility was worried about the price of a vote.

[@xOdySx]

I wanted to add similar comments, thanks for bringing them

[@lukaswilhelm9290]

Not exactly as popular democracy of today but the Polish have Noble democracy while the cossacks have military democracy.

[@tomkus333]

& dtto look: J. Hoffman depicts this element quite nicely in his film Fire and Sword (cca 1984-5) in Chmelnicky's conversation with the main character of this wonderful story.T Docela mile tenhle element zobrazuje J. Hoffman ve svém filmu Ohněm a mečem v rohovoru Chmelnického s hlavním hrdinou toho nádherného příběhu.T

[@jamesforreal]

Someone should've told Russia that these Ukrainians are unruly people, and therefore cannot be ruled. Their lands can be invaded but not their hearts. Great video!

[@ОлександраВіталівна]

Thus, the Ukrainian people always wanted to be independent, and other peoples always tried to conquer and subjugate it. The Russians especially tried to plant their language and culture to bring us together and make us one nation, but we have always been different.

[@Jarod-vg9wq]

Cossack history is so extraordinary.

[@Somee989]

My great grandfather was a Cossack that got deported to America. Long history of Cossack family.

[@tkdyo]

These kind of videos really make you realize just HOW MUCH happens geopolitically in 100 years, even in a little area not often on the world stage. Day to day things seem so stable and unmoving, but you just zoom out a bit and see how untrue that is.

[@petrusk842]

Everyday

[@JonnyCobra]

Fantastic contribution that adds massive new depth toone's reading of the ongoing Russian war of aggression against Ukraine. This clearly is not a new fight.

[@mesofius]

It's a 350 year old war between two nations that are complete opposites of each other.

[@manuelapollo7988]

This Ukrainian serie is so interesting, great job. And happy statehood day to all the Ukrainians, you couldn't choose a better day to release this video!

[@manuelapollo7988]

@@darkogabric1130 every country in the world then is a fake country. Even yours was made up at a certain point. Now Ukraine exists and kicks the ass of Russia

[@apexnext]

Yes! Being American myself, I wasn't completely familiar with Ukrainian Origins. I love this series and can't wait to see how it unfolds! I was super glad to see a 2nd video in the series today. And that there will probably be more to come. 😁👍 I had to look up Statehood Day, proposed by President Zelensky, this is the first year it's a public holiday? That's pretty cool too. 👍

[@manuelapollo7988]

@@apexnext yes, it's the first time. The day was chosen because on the 28th of July 988AD the Kievan Rus officially converted to Christianity

[@myname49771]

​@@apexnextIn Ukraine the date when word cossacs was born is 1556. When Dmytro Vyshnevecky has found first Sich. On Dniper iland Khortica. As castle in the border of Rzech Pospolita. And the most famous hetman is Ivan Sirko. There are legends about him, he win all battles. He told to cossacs after i die, take my hand and use it as flag and you will win all battles. They did this). Ukrainian folk musician instrument is bandura (very nice) and kobza. Both were used by cossacs.

[@a_random_orthodox_Christian]

That reference to hej Sokoly at the beginning makes my cossack blood happy

[@j.pgoodwin9020]

Timothy Snyder also has an excellent series of books on European History, Bloodlands is about essentially Ukraine and it's relationships with Europe and Russia and the Mongol Empire. He is currently doing a series of lectures on Ukraine and up to lesson 22. An excellent intro is "Post Colonial Ukraine "

[@natel9019]

Number 23 is. Available

[@cliveengel5744]

Timothy Snyder just gets paid by Ukraine to make up their history, the only recognized Historian is Paul Migocsi who wrote the book on Ukraine.

[@cliveengel5744]

The only books you should be using as a reference is Paul Robert Mocosi from the University of Toronto, Snyder just uses word splicing to create this narrative that Ukraine existed in Polish Lithuanian commonwealth. Snyder is paid by Ukraine to rewrite the History of Ukraine. “Ukrainians Cossacks help lift the siege of Vienna in the 1683” all nonsense as the were the Zaporizhian Cossacks, word splicing again! Kyiv was a small principality in the Commonwealth and never reached the Black Sea and never comprised of Galicia and Volhynia. The Tatars and Cossacks were regions not part of the Commonwealth. Ukraine was only established in 1922 and before that it was Polish Lithuanian and then under The Russian Empire.

[@rishikeshwagh]

I first learnt about the Cossacs through a Mumford & Sons song called 'Ditmas'. I absolutely loved the video featuring a Cossac warrior trying to tame a wild horse and then finally experience freedom. Have always been interested in them since. Totally recommend the song along with the music video. It's brilliant.

[@benedictmarkolitoquit4848]

love the way of elaborating the true life of being a Cossack

[@danmitchell1955]

I love how diverse history that kings and general channel talk about . Highly enlightening. It just goes to show how cultural mixes happen with mix of words like Hetman etc . But nice to see Ukraine rich history discussed and polish -Lithuania rich history to

[@alexanderhyaguer6827]

if one song, represents this era was this song: kzbin.info/www/bejne/emKTaqWbdqpqibs

[@gijbfhjm]

@@michaelsalmon9832 yes, one more thing ruzzians stole from us

[@konjisan1799]

Poland was the most mixed cultural, nationalitis at that time

[@nicolasgrinberg1996]

Moral of the story is don't mess with the Cossacks

[@morgoth666ua]

Маючи історичну освіту мушу сказати що дяка вам ща переклад нашої історії на англійську, відео чудове

[@GalicianGranddaughter666]

Once again a historical documentary is making me cry. Thank you! This content is very important for Ukrainian people.

[@ZaharRule]

True

[@veldrensavoth7119]

That intro. That first 17 seconds. You saw an opportunity and you took it. And it worked wonderful. That was a pro level move. I love this channel

[@AlcaturMaethor]

An interesting thing, completly ommitted, was the fact that Khmielnitsky was meeting often with then Polish king (Vladislaus IV) in preparation for a war with Tatars and Turkey (which would be very beneficial for Cossacks, especially increasing their autonomy). Vladislaus was seen as friendly to Cossacks, but his plans for war were ultimately rejected by the parliament. There are sings that he was actually at least verbally supportive of the planned uprising - he publically told to Cossacks complaining about their rights "don't you have sabres at your side?" while the parliament was by far more oppressive ("you are like nails to be cut"). There is little historical evidence, but it could be that Khmenitsky hoped for support of Vladislaus IV of some sort. Khmelnitsky did allegedly have a royal banner and a sign of hetman office from king. Vladuslaus died however just as the uprising begun and had no chance to do anything.

[@MyPrideFlag]

I'm pretty sure Sienkiewicz made up "don't you have sabers at your belt". But generally that was true

[@AlcaturMaethor]

@@MyPrideFlag Nope, this comes from Władysław Czapliński "Władysław IV i jego czasy"

[@MyPrideFlag]

@@AlcaturMaethor ok good to know

[@kosa9662]

Yep, King wanted to create alliance between Commonwealth and Russia and together destroy Crimea Khanate and later strike at Ottomans, but this plan failed miserably

[@kboid5919]

@@MyPrideFlag I heard the story, that Chmielnicki's wife was kidnapped, and he went to the king for help, and the king told him "don't you have a saber yourself?"

[@krisdudas-hjelms7036]

Love the opening of the episode with Hej Sokoły. Excellent writing!

[@ancientsitesgirl]

Cossacks were a valuable army in the service of Poland in the times of its strength. Unfortunately, in the middle of the 17th century, when the Commonwealth weakened, the Cossacks were played by Russia and Turkey ... to the loss of Poland😥

[@nicholascroixet8089]

Good

[@bogusawgas3759]

To the loss of the Commonwealth.

[@Hhushrk12]

No the king of Poland did not see Ukrainians as equals. Has he given them the same rights in commonwealth ad Lithuania (3 crowns) all would be fine

[@williammozy9491]

@@Hhushrk12 but you have to keep in mind, they thought they were. They gave their regional rulers the same leeway that they gave their own. I mean it was technically a Republic. So when the Cossacks didn't like their leadership because it was to "polish", there was nothing to do. The polish commoners had the same government and serfdom.

[@007ShaolinMonk]

Cossacs wanted freedom or equality. Were Polish not trying to be masters, but allies, things would have gone much smoother, just like nowadays. It was a great error in such approach. But, as a Ukrainian, I am glad that today we finally have peace and friendship with Poland and with Lithuanians.

[@piotrwojdelko1150]

As a Pole I would say Germans left their castle in Poland and Poland left in Ukraine .It is likely that there is more Polish castle in Ukraine than in Poland.I read that some of them were so rich that their revenue was relevant to year of annual the UK budget and more than Polish budget.

[@Konzor]

Didn’t know Poland was ever a rich country.

[@joebutler7982]

@@Konzor During 16th - early 17th centuries it was the largest exporter of grain in the world. It was very rich and powerful.

[@piotrwojdelko1150]

@@Konzor Especially on the east nobility had mercenaries counted in thousands like a private army with many castles.Poland declined due to deluge and looting of the Swedish army.Poland and Sweden were at constant war .Swedes didn't event look at Russia nothing to loot there .However history has changed first declined Poland after weakened Swedes were defeated by Russia and we had a birth of Russia Empire .Cossack believed that Swedes helped them with Russia ,however Sweeds were defeted after the battle of Poltava .As a trivia I want to mention that Sweeds even reached east France Alsace looted their castle in 30 year war .Poland was catholic and Sweden was protestant an excellent excuse to rob.

[@StopFear]

For those interested in random facts, check online for the history of the city Donetsk. It was first industrialized by a British industrialist John Hughes who invested money into discovery and development of coal mines and factories in the region. Donetsk used to be called Yuzovka (Hughes ovka, get it?). Later when the British left, it was called Donetks for a brief time. Then when Stalin was in charge it was called Stalino. After the scumbag Stalin croaked, it became Donetsk again. I am very sad to see the region of my origin be taken over by Putin's army. Among them are many of the so called Don Cossacks. They are essentially a paramilitary group who does dirty things Putin doesn't want his military to do openly, although the latter has shown to be barbaric already with the way they destroyed many obviously civilian targets and people. These Don Cossacks are the Russian version of extreme Christian fundamentalists. At least they project that image. They usually openly advocate for restoration of absolute monarchy in the modern world. At the 2014 Sochi Olympics their people used a whip to attack musicians from Pussy Riot showing how uncivilized they are. They are claimed to have committed horrible war crimes in South Ossetia, Georgia, in Chechnya, and they were the ones who essentially stole a piece of land from Moldova known as Transnistria in English (Prednistrovie) in Russian. Ok, random information sharing over.

[@Threezi04]

"so called Don Cossacks" They're called that because they literally are Cossacks of the river Don, they've fought for the Russian empire for centuries and were infamous for enforcing the Tsar's will and leading the conquests of Siberia.

[@chestermosburger3113]

funny how their "Christian fundamentalism" doesn't incorporate the fundamental non-violence teachings of Christ!

[@StopFear]

@@Threezi04 I specifically used the term “so called Don Cossacks”. to indicate that the people in their organization are using the name for some sort of status and pride but they do not genuinely hold authentic views of the Don Cossacks. Of course they were is banned group between the 1930s and early 90s, but before and after they are known for doing very horrible things. They are a modern paramilitary mercenary group without morals who hide behind the label. That is why “so called”

[@StopFear]

@@chestermosburger3113 I don’t know if you are familiar with Christian Orthodox, but in modern Russian context they are mostly a hyper conservative group rather than sincere Christians. They will like the orthodox icons, go to the church, and maybe pray, but this is very superficial and almost transactional. It is like that among different Christian groups/sects but more so in their case IMHO. I think they value their nationalist and racist views more than the authentic Biblical teachings. The Russian Orthodox Church is very much almost entirely defined by nationalism as it was under the tsars. In fact as you may know, most counties with an Orthodox population has their own patriarchate, but most consider the universal patriarch to be the one who is currently in Istanbul in Turkey and his name is Patriarch Bartholomew. Russian Orthodox reject that and claim they are the universal and “true church” by argument that “We have the largest Orthodox population so accept our authority”. That is my impression of state of things.

[@chestermosburger3113]

@@StopFear it would be surprising if there existed a religious establishment which actually did promote peace instead of the furtherance of its own authority. The Quakers, possibly...

[@jlpack62]

Thank you for this history. I am both ethnically Polish and Ruthenian (as well as Croat), and this is fascinating.

[@tktilk3878]

@Kings&Generals, wow, didn't really think you would make video about Cossack's era of Rus-Ukraine, thanks a lot

[@Schmusbek21898]

Ukrainian Culture, origin and personalities are sooooo cool❤❤❤

[@swordwaker7749]

The history of the people who always fight against overwhelming odds and emerge victorious.

[@pan_kot]

Very happy to see the video about that part of my Motherland's history. Thanks

[@FrederickTheGrt]

🇷🇺👍🏻

[@ravan9352]

It should be noted that attempts were made to make the Cossacks a third partner in the union along the Polish crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania but as Ukraine was overtaken by Russia it didn't come to be.

[@theowlx7_alex245]

Hetman Ivan Vygovsky who fought against muscovites (the next hetman after Khmel) turned to Poles to sign nice agreement to end conflict between us, but despite initial agreement being okayish (it was very good except that polish kings should have appointed next hetmans and that the hetman status should've been perpetuate. This two things were against cossack democratic traditions, it would've been better that we elect hetman and then king appoints him or refuses to do so), so, despite initial agreement being understandable, Polish Seym approved version without any autonomy ( We were only fighting muscovites

[@Artur_M.]

I suspect (and hope) it will be covered in a future video.

[@ryszardnowak485]

not was overtaken, they wanted to join grand duchy of Moscow after Chmielnicki who take offense at Polish crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, becouse of his personal enemy Daniel Czapliński and lack of protection/justice from Polish Crown; after his uprising he was afraid of his life so he convinced Cossaks that under protection of Moscow they are going to have better life... and now we know how it ended.....

[@Konzor]

Unpopular opinion but that is bullshit. Cossacks and Orthodoxy were strongly related to each other. A Cossack state under a catholic ruler was impossible. That’s why Khmelitkzky fought in the first place as he identified himself as the direct descent of orthodox Kiewan Rus. Poles and Cossacks were archenemies during that time, there is no way of denying that.

[@sircatangry5864]

​@@KonzorWell, somehow Ukraine existed 200 years with this requirement.

[@olexandrkardash2874]

I want to notice that Lithuania at the time was a bit like a joined state and not exactly abusive towards Ukrainians/Ruthenians to the extent later Poland was. It was called Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Ruthenia for some period. Finally Ruthenia dissapeared from titles after Lublin when Poland and Lithuania became the two main nations.

[@amalgama2000]

Religion was a major thing in determining identity back than. The catholics and the orthodox were not on a good terms and considered each other heretics. That's why the Ruthenians (predominantly orthodox) were oppressed in the PLC

[@michaelmills5984]

Actually, one of the titles of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania was "King of Russia". The word "Ruthenia" did not appear in his title, at least not in the Lithuanian and Russian-language forms of that title.

[@mesofius]

@@michaelmills5984 😂

[@robertm.8653]

Just another great video, as always!

[@Maus_Indahaus]

It would be interesting if you would cover the Deluge, a turbulent time in Polish-Lithuanian history, tightly intertwined with Cossack Hetmanate.

[@Andriy_Moskalenko]

Hmm I from Ukraine and haven't heard of it, I'll give it a try ;)

[@Maus_Indahaus]

@@Andriy_Moskalenko When Poland, Russia, Tatars, Cossacks fought each other, changing alliances multiple times, with most of Poland being occupied at one point. It was a total mess

[@dough6759]

@@Maus_Indahaus Very tight cover! I like!!

[@michaeleager4635]

Yeah, and what happened to the animals when the ark was finally on solid ground

[@Cheveliery]

As a Pole, I appreciate different perspective. Feels like my history lessons a school were propaganda showing us as a good guys. There is much information here that was deliberetely not provided or altered to different narrative.

[@suprotyv7534]

All problems and conflicts that existed between Poland and Ukraine are in the past now anyway. We will build a friendly and prosperous future between the two our nations. Thank you, Polish brothers :)

[@konjisan1799]

Tak jesteśmy dobrymi ludzmi, żyło u nas miliony Żydów, Rusinów i innych, jako naród jeden z nielicznych nie mieliśmy jednostek ss podczas wojny w przeciwieństwie do ukraińców, najwięcej sprawiedliwych wśród narodów świata, przyjęliśmy miliony ukraińców, dajemy im pracę inie tylko itd Dużo w tym filmie to manipulacja, rusini stanu wyzszego sami się polonizowali a jeśli ktoś gnębił tamtejsze chłopstwo to właśnie szlachta ruska, zresztą chłop polski miał równie przejeb..ane

[@uncleobscurenobody8861]

Every state educates the children it possesses to make them loyal to the heirarchy and cause them to feel separate from the rest of humanity

[@mykolasdobilaitis1565]

It's really fun that you are covering lesser known moments in history. I hope some day you Will make a dedicated video about the rise of grand Dutcy of lithuania

[@Comrade_Marius]

We really don’t get much coverage, a pagan nation late into the Middle Ages is kinda nuts tho

[@slobodanstamenic1425]

Probably when Russians invade you. You will have preferential status on K&G.

[@high4702]

Svidrigailo uprising! I have never seen any video about this war. Would be cool

[@ivan7453]

Truely exellent. I love history delivered in this unique way. I'm looking forward to the next video.

[@dman1988]

I'm from Zaporizhzhya. Most of my relatives are from Zaporizhzhya or Dnipro. Although I have some polish, belarus and other roots I do believe I have some cossack blood as well.

[@tktilk3878]

Братику, тримайтеся там. Львів із вами! Ми вас не кинемо!

[@petrusk842]

Zaporizhzhya це definitely Україна

[@Blastnikov]

Козацькому роду нема переводу! Я іноземець, але розмовляю вашою мовою, яка є справді дуже гарна мова. Вітання з США! Ви маєте сильна, неймовірна нація! Все буде Україна

[@tktilk3878]

@@Blastnikov Thanks. We rely on your country's help, if you can speak about Ukraine's needs in social media, do it. USA's help is different from Afghanistan, it really helps, but we need more. You can't imagine how it can help. By my understanding we lost 10000 military at least, and maybe same number or 2-3 times more of civillians. One dollar USA and EU spends on Ukraine's army will save you 10 dollars, which USA and EU will spent on refugees. Thank you!

[@mephistar_one]

I have waited for a long time for this video, thank you.

[@jazu4nuk]

Great work. I really enjoyed this documentary

[@creedness733]

Love seeing Circassia on the maps

[@minoru-kk]

As always great movie has interesting points. From the Far East, I have a faint hope a movie about early days of samurai as frontier hunting peasant like Cossacks in this video. Even though they hadn't been Christians, democratic, and above all many are wary of them.

[@vylkoklak]

There's actually a really nice Polish movie from the 90', "With Fire and Sword", well known both in Poland and in Ukraine (it depicts both quite nicely both sides of the 1648 civil war) that can be found on youtube with english subtitles: kzbin.info/www/bejne/i36okHmDmJmSiKs The quality isn't perfect, but I'm sure it can be found elswhere, too. For people from the "region" who at least hear the difference between the languages, it may be even more interesting as it's 50-50 in Polish and in Ukraininan and the changes of the language that the characters use add an extra layer to the movie, but the movie should be clear to anyone anyway.

[@kefirmroku4494]

It depicts Ukrainians nicely, but it is total parody of both Polish ducal courts and Polish military tactics.

[@nicolasiden4074]

Love that TV show

[@scottleft3672]

Great film...thankyou.

[@alekshukhevych2644]

@@kefirmroku4494 It is a Polish movie however, and no it did not depict Ukrainians nicely either.

[@EliteBadFrog]

Mount & Blade: With fire and Sword is also a fun game set in this period

[@undervibes5042]

So you're telling me Mandalorians were straight up just space cossacks?

[@KingsandGenerals]

Good comparison, didn't think of it.

[@Wyraxx]

and in "Dune" settlements called "sietches", its how cossack's settlements were called: "sitch"

[@vladfedorov5993]

Thank you for this video. Very good explained. Finally I can hear my history in English, for people all over the world.

[@Nomadictroll]

The term “Cossack” means freeman, guard, and freebooter in the Turkic languages of the area, and the first Cossacks were of Turkic rather than Slavic stock. These were nomadic warriors engaged in acts of steppe piracy on their own initiative, not on orders of their superiors: The Cossack annals 31.

[@ThePussukka]

Cossack comes from "Qazaq", so you could say Kazakhstan is actually Cossack-stan

[@artemkomisarenko5921]

@@йуц-и6о There is no such "Ukrainian propaganda," Ivan. Ukrainians are proud of all their ancestors, including Turkic tribes.

[@DucaCremisi]

@@йуц-и6о " *UKRAINIAN PROPAGANDA* " Damn I didn't know you were such a good comedian

[@EM-tx3ly]

Turkic in origin Then Slavic element took over

[@TheTokkie]

They were Slavic, Slavic people used the loanword козакъ from the Cumans.

[@LordMondegrene]

Wonderful presentation and explanation. I knew none of this. Thank you!

[@j.w.9669]

Was not expecting „Hey Sokoly“ in the opening, but ist is truly welcome :)

[@user-vk7cp1op9p]

Listening to the history, it seems they were very individual and brave. They fought bravely and long, not willing to put up with others trying to rule them. They have a long long history much longer than the US. They also fought for freedom of religion. In 1642 the Ukrainian people emerged as the first free Ukrainians. This story of the Kossacks that became the Ukraine people were their own boss. They are fiercely independent, and we were much like them. We must help them keep their country.

[@jimmyconway8025]

Asked Been waiting for a Cossack video! Be awesome if you could do a series on them. My grandma family were Cossacks! 💕

[@filipbogdanovic1018]

you should do a video or two on the migration of the south and west slavs, there are a lot of historical sources with some really interesting stories.

[@vikey1764]

Awesome video! Thank you! Looking forward to the next one

[@michaelpodgorski5070]

The Khmelnytsky revolt actually lasted until 1654, and in those years the polish crown forces gained major victories , for example at Berestechko in 1651, where the winged hussars had to charge almost 12 times into the cossack ranks. The rebels lost up to 40.000 men and this led to the Peace treaty of Bila Tserkva which was finally ratified in '54.

[@fungunsun1]

1657 actually up until Khmelnytsky death. Cossack forces even raided Warsaw together with Transilvanians and Swedes in 1657. This is a very interesting period in Polish and Ukrainian history known as Deluge, or "Flood" (Potop). I highly recommend everyone check out Deluge and Fire and Sword movies by Jerzy Hoffman. You can find them for free with English subtitles on KZbin actually.

[@michaelpodgorski5070]

@@fungunsun1 It depends what sources you take, many historians claim it was in '54

[@fungunsun1]

@@michaelpodgorski5070 it is not really subjective as Khmelnytsky was at war with Poland until his death. Only in 1658 peace treaty was signed between Ivan Vyhovsky (Khmelnytsky Successor) and Polish crown. So yeah its not 1654, its 57 or 58.

[@kosa9662]

@@fungunsun1 Most ironic thing was that Chmielnicki was a Polish nobleman from Mazovia, yet by his actions he crippled Commonwealth

[@shb0018]

@@kosa9662 and the main enemy of he [Jeremi Wiśniowiecki] was a ruthenian

[@Anton_Danylchenko]

The roots of Cossacks lay even more deep in history. There were East Slavic tribes Ulichs and Tivertsi who inhabited the land between lower Danube and lower Dnieper. They became victims of nomadic Turkic invasions and many of them resettled to the north. However some of them remained on original lands and came to some agreement with Cumans. By that time they were known as Berladnici and Brodnici. Berladnici had the prototype of Sich - the military camp in Berlad where people from Rus' fled, including even some princes. Brodnici sided with Mongols in the battle of Kalka river. When papal legate travelled from Crimea to Sarai (Golden Horde capital) he witnessed two different groups of people who inhabited Azov Sea coast area - nomadic Cumans and settled Rusyns (Brodnici). Those Rusyns lived from salt trade, fishing and controlled the fords (river crossings) and gathered taxes there. According to papal legate Rusyns lived and made trade all the way to Volga river. Of course, those people did not disappear and became the base for future Cossacks. They borrowed many things from Cumans - military tactics in the steppe, basic things about steppe life, etc. You can read more here - www.quora.com/Who-were-the-Cossacks-in-Ukraine/answer/Anton-Danylchenko-1

[@vladsavka9855]

Great video! Top content as always! I would like mentioning of the fact that Cossacks also served as mercenaries in Thirty Years War. And many of these well armed and experienced veterans joined Khmelnitsky uprising in 1648.

[@Markfr0mCanada]

8:50 Hey guys, I have to point this one out: I doubt that they had rifles in this period, as those were a later invention. They would have used old gunpowder weapons which were available at the time.

[@Wyraxx]

Cossacks used arquebuses (15th century)

[@stacey_1111rh]

This one was really cool. Helps to understand the roots. Great work!!

[@Dontwanttoliveanymore]

I think my dad's ancestors were Cossacks. Family comes from the neighborhood, loves horses, doesn't lock his door, black hair at 84.

[@mesofius]

sounds like a cossack

[@nathanpangilinan4397]

This video makes me interested in seeing a video on the Deluge as a whole.

[@pawezielinski793]

Just a smal note in Polish history Jadwiga is not queen she is titled king. I understand that in translation some meanings may be lost but in "polish" logic queen is strictly wife of king

[@xomm]

Usually in English the distinction is made with Queen regnant (ruler in her own right) vs Queen consort (wife of king).

[@alexyefymenko2929]

Cool video! Thanks from Ukraine💛💙

[@fungunsun1]

З Днем Української Державності вільне панство! Росіяни кажуть нас не існує і ми штучний народ, але хіба люди так палко воюють за штучні цінності? Ми переможемо, Слава Україні! Happy Ukrainian Statehood Day free gentlemen! Russians say our identity is artificial, that we dont exist. But when did ever humans fought so fiercely for anything artificial? We will win, Spava Ukraini!

[@otamanvasyl9949]

@@konstantinriumin2657 Well I would disagree since the majority of people I know volunteered for service and only the quarter of them on the front, half of them go through military exercises and last quarter wait their tern. I don't deny that there are cases of force mobilization but I personally know about two cases: first, two contracts servesmen that deserted and went in hidden; second THAT idiot get drunk and went on walk only it's ending up in the fight and he was arrested, after he was ordered to go through military medical commission, he run away like the coward.

[@fungunsun1]

@@otamanvasyl9949 furthermore its just simply manipulation (I did not reply to a guy on purpose, he is a bot). Like 99% of wars in human history were fought with conscripts. In many cases that does not make them any less motivated (See USSR in WW2)

[@otamanvasyl9949]

@@fungunsun1 Maybe, Maybe not. Sadly, many believe those words and began to spread the rumors that it isn't the war for Ukrainian freedom and self-determination but another hybrid war between The West and The East that Ukrainians just were forced into and don't care who would rule over them.

[@balaclavabob001]

@@fungunsun1 Pretty sure the russians were motivated by their officers shooting them if they took a step back ... Not much has changed with the russian army it seems , although they do steal a lot of toilets now for some reason .

[@cossakman101]

Heroyam Slava!

[@oleks7149]

Thank you for great content! Full name of the state: Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus and Zhemaite. Lithuania is Modern Belarus (including Smolensk) and part of modern Lithuania. Zhemaite is Lithuania, Rus is modern Ukraine.

[@dcb5176]

Had the Polish nobles paid the registered Cossack, as promised, those registered Cossacks would have remained loyal to the Commonwealth and kept the rebellious elements at bay in the 1640's.

[@dcb5176]

@@santepaulus Not convinced the Cossacks had any "ambitions of own state"...the very definition of the Cossacks in that period was of a semi nomadic people loyal to their Hetman who himself was allied in a loose confederation of other local leaders. The reason the rebellion itself ended in servitude to Russia was the lack of any overall vision.

[@ryszardnowak485]

conflict wasn't about those payment (not entirely), Commonwealth also was late with payment for polish nobleman who mostly fought as husaria and had to pay for horses and equipment by themselves, it was about being recorded in cossacs register, so they could have all same rights as nobelmans in other case they would be just pesants who must work for Nobelman Landlord, that's why they were escaping to Sicz

[@marianlewicki5362]

@@ryszardnowak485 Only registered cossacks had the right to fight for those who had to pay for their services for some period of time or till their assistance was not required and yes they were not paid.

[@sircatangry5864]

​@@dcb5176Well, somehow in 1710 they already signed a constitution, which requires long history of state institutions to create.

[@dcb5176]

In 1710 the Cossacks were still reeling from the destruction of Mazepa's capital after his short rebellion and alliance with Charles XII, and were firmly under the control of Peter the Great. Not sure what "constitution" was signed at that point, other than one that pledged their loyalty to the Russians.@@sircatangry5864

[@eljanrimsa5843]

I read Gogol's Taras Bulba a long time ago, and I remember that after reading it I strongly felt the freedom of life on the steppe, but I didn't understand who they were fighting with or against.

[@TheMrsnipervip]

Against Poles

[@tktilk3878]

Mykola Hohol(Gogol) wrote about age of fRuthenian Cossacks after Khmelnyitskiy rebellion. Cossacks attacked Polish state to liberate more Ruthenians from Polish serfdom. Hohol was from Ukraine (Ruthenia or Rus) and was of Ukrainian family. Despite that we can't find what origin he concidered to be - Rus'(Ukrainian) or Moskovian

[@MrSinclairn]

Have the Yul Brynner-Tony Curtis movie(filmed in Argentina!) on DVD[a guilty pleasure!];but was Bohdan Khmelnytsky's Rebellion,the overall inspiration for Gogol's book?

[@tktilk3878]

@@MrSinclairn I'm Ukrainian. I think that inspiration was Cossacks' brotherhood, democracy and freedom among mostly slavery(serfdom) Europe at a time, and even at Hohol time

[@agentfundacji1]

@@tktilk3878 that’s not true mate, serfdom is not a slavery. Slaves are owned and are treated ‘mostly’ as personal belongings. Serfs were still their own people though, unfortunately, in the xvii century more and more exploited.

[@McJibbin]

Awesome video as always!!

[@669Malo]

12:41 actualy it was king Sigismund II that introduced registry of cossacks. King Stephan Batory (1576-1586) introduced łans infantry, maybe u had this one in mind. Also it is worth notice of Ruthenian Uniate Church and Union of Brest (1595) that inflicted more Polish-Cossacks animosity. Nice video tho, Chmielnicki uprising whas one of worse event in Polish history, it shouldnt happend it only bring long range fall to us (Poland) and Cossack, only Russia gaine anything from it. Slava Ukrainie!

[@Technocratos90]

Polish szlachta nobles went ruthless upon Zaporozhians, especially over Orthodox Christianity beliefs, so that's why Zaporozhians rebelled. Even Muscovites were closer to them at this point than Poles.

[@theowlx7_alex245]

We in Ukraine don't believe that we were mistaken when uprising against you. We have finished forming as a political nation, but actual thing was that you could just let Orthodox representatives in the Seym and create another autonomous Knyazivstvo Ruske with the cossack form of rule. We would have then just stopped and idzhme biyme moscals together as basically all the problematic questions between you and us would've been resolved. Waging exhausting war end of which no one have seen forced us to go under the moscow rule as we thought we could live under Orthodox tzar without oppression and so we can live easily as we lived robbing ottomans. That's it, we were ready for compromise as basically weaker side, but not yet brain-enslaved one

[@janstepien7327]

@@theowlx7_alex245 In Poland I haven't seen anyone with knowledge of the period who would say that you were in the wrong that time. Like 90% of people will tell you either that they don't really know or that it was pointless war because enlarging cossack registry was in our own interest and other terms wouldn't change much in the country. Guess it happened because of the same reasons like in more moments in our history. Lack of good comunication, lack of sober thinking and abundence of Russian intermingling

[@piotrjasielski]

@@theowlx7_alex245 Commonwealth authorities definitely mishandled the issue. The problem was that at that point the power of the magnates was already too strong, they were above the law and started oppressing the common folk not only in the east. The formerly egalitarian union turned into oligarchy. It's a shame because if this was handled correctly, everyone could benefit.

[@ChillDudelD]

@@theowlx7_alex245 But Orthodox representatives were already in both the Sejm and the Senat during that time.

[@jackruddock2619]

Have you thought of doing a series on the English civil wars at some point?

[@KingsandGenerals]

Yep, it is in the works

[@jackruddock2619]

@@KingsandGenerals good to know 👍

[@theawesomeman9821]

@@KingsandGenerals please make a video on the Anglo-Zulu war.

[@robbabcock_]

Great examination of a fascinating and volatile region!

[@bohdanhovorun3078]

"Crimean Khanate considered the steppes of Ukraine to be theirs, as they previously belonged to the mongol khans" Well blimey, looks like that argument is still in use in modern era. Either that, or somebody brings medieval logic to modern day politics)

[@tomriley5790]

The Battle/Campaign between Lithuania and the Golden horde would be interesting!

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

The reference to the beginning was the folk song, “Hej Sokoly”, to anyone wondering. Highly recommend listening to the Ukrainian one uploaded by Fäderneslandet.

[@alexandrub8786]

There is also an english cover from Alderon Tyran kzbin.info/www/bejne/qanbdq2rl9F9hK8

[@kiro6119]

Its a Polish song so better to listen to it in its native language.

[@anon4588]

@@kiro6119 it's a Polish-Ukrainian song, so better to listen to it in both variations

[@kiro6119]

@@anon4588 how can it be both?

[@raulgonzalez139]

@@kiro6119 Just check Eileen Hej sokoly on youtube, it's in both languages

[@burnsboysaresoldiers]

K&G always seems to put a bit of emphasis on the catholic church and its "crimes" when the church is no more guilty than any other organization or religion.

[@meflux495]

I suppose the video is explaining briefly the points why Ruthanians were unhappy with the Polish government. There are many more explanations of how Cossacks appeared, what they did, how they ruled, what their problems were with Poles, Tatars, Moskovites, etc. It is a composite phenomenon that will require more time to explain than 20 min.

[@Тарикдуб]

16:49. They did not try to confiscate the property of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi. His property was seized by a Polish nobleman who, in addition to seizing his land, kidnapped his wife and beat his son to death. After that he appealed to the king for justice but was ignored by the king. after that he started a rebellion.

[@crush42mash6]

Thank you for doing this, my grandfather was a Cossack in the Ukraine

[@StreetsoundzV]

Thats not possible when you are not 250 yesrs old

[@Morrays1111]

Campaign on Istanbul (1615) - sea campaign of the Zaporozhian Cossacks led by hetman Pyotr Konashevich-Sagaidachny to the capital of the Ottoman Empire. In May 1615, the Zaporozhian Cossacks on eighty seagulls (ships), each of which accommodated about 50 Cossacks, set off on another campaign to Turkey. By mid-June, they managed to swim across the Black Sea and land on the shore near Istanbul. After that, the Cossacks destroyed and set fire to the part of Istanbul called Scutari (now Uskudar), then the ports of Mizevna and Arkhioka. Having taken the booty, the Cossacks went home.As a Ukrainian, I really love Hetman Petro Konashevich-Sagaidachny

[@angelb.823]

This felt like a Ukrainian Robin Hood story for the most part. Indebted nobles, defrocked priests, and restless peasants joining the Cossacks as a free-willed spirited nation-state against Polish oppression. I wish they could release material and curriculum like that in history classes.

[@patrickb1811]

If you think Cossacks were the "good guys" there fighting for freedom against evil Commonwealth you are deeply mistaken. Nothing is ever black or white. Khmelnytsky rebelion led to subjugation of cossacks by Tsarist Russia. Result of that decision we can see even today... Video also didn't mention how brutal cossacks were and their list of inhumane tortures they implemented on innocent women and children.

[@angelb.823]

@@patrickb1811 Robin Hood wasn't a "good guy" either. Early drafts of his story portrayed him more like a ruthless murderer, killing without distinction and taking the lost property for his own, than a heroic outlaw. His known characteristic to distribute the stolen goods to the poor and the needed was added much later in the contemporary era. I get about the grey zone you want to show, but I am also interested how the Cossacks rose through history. I am not supporting a cause. Indeed, Cossacks were indeed ruthless in most of history. I did say, however, for the most part were valiant defenders against the Polish before Tsarist Russia absorbed them into their ranks.

[@mesofius]

Only this time Robin Hoods established a country and their descendants are guarding the gates of Europe today.

[@tnzboy]

guys really good job, so cool illustrations and so easy well told history details

[@catcheagle5114]

The reference in the beginning is beautiful!

[@LLlap]

Hetman was adopted from german Hauptmann meaning captain. Nalivaiko can be translated as a 'pourer' as in 'pour me another drink'. Hetman Nalivaiko was basically Captain Drink.

[@taxsi]

no ataman is a Turkic word which has the meaning of leader.

[@alekshukhevych2644]

@@taxsi Yes, Ottaman, the poster above is talking about Hetman.

[@Т1000-м1и]

Sincere thanks for bringing this part of our history to light. 🇺🇦❤

[@mishchuk]

Thank you for this video!

[@lecwizard]

I just wanted to underline that the biggest magnates in Commonwealth were not polish but ukrainian, byelorussian or lithuanian origin (Wiśniowieccy, Radziwiłłowie etc.), and it is not true, that ukrainian peasents were under polish magnates, because in the reality they were ukrainian magnates, who just accepted polish culture. Furthermore, they very often ruled polish colonizers who arrived from greater poland or mazovia.

[@williammozy9491]

Technically the Commonwealth was a version of a republic, so that would make alot of sense. They just had an issue with their local rulers (who were culturaly very polish). But you also have to keep in mind that a large part of their society were fleeing from other nations... which means they themselves were often just depatriated poles.

[@allahandro8367]

In reality there is no difference between polish, Ukrainian and Russian dna also Hungarians and Croatia are in the Eastern European genetics too,

[@czowiektutejszy6241]

they were of ukrainian, lithuanian, bielarussian descent by they were completely polonised so I would just refer to them as Poles

[@andrzej5620]

@@czowiektutejszy6241 Polish was 'la lingua franca' for the PL Commonwealth

[@xglaca69x]

If they polonized they were no longer ukrainians.

[@ahmedkeremsayar]

cossack means horseman like kazakh in turkic. ataman/hetman means: leader who wields power in turkic.

[@jajajajajajadkdk]

Türk değil bunlar polonyalı kaçak köleler

[@camokat86]

Maidan - a square where cosacs selected their hetman is also turk as many other words in our language.

[@Uzair_Of_Babylon465]

Fantastic video keep it up your doing amazing job

[@traviseluik893]

I've been waiting for a video like this for 2 years❤

[@Mind_Crimes]

Khmelnytsky would make a great leader for Ukraine in a Civilization game, and the Cossacks could be their special Medieval unit.

[@amalgama2000]

Yeah. Unfortunately, they've made the Cossacks a special unit for f-ing russia

[@Caesar88888]

yes and russias special unit should be drunk rapist whos only skill is terrorizing civilians

[@filip3293]

in the game they would surely lose.

[@zeNoldor]

Petro Konashevich Sahaidacniy is better :)

[@nenenindonu]

The Asian equivalent of Cossacks would be the Tungusic Manchus who were hunter gatherers and mercenaries just like Cossacks, Manchus however founded much greater political entities like the Jin and Qing empires

[@DdN444k7Pa]

Kazak and Cossack same turkish word

[@DdN444k7Pa]

@@MbisonBalrog at turkic languages that is obe word

[@DdN444k7Pa]

@@MbisonBalrog at turkic languages that is same one word "qazaq"

[@antonsokolyuk6999]

Hope to see next part soon! Could I ask you to pay some attention to Theophan Prokopovych - great ruthenian theologist, that helped tsar Peter to ideologically transform Muscovy into what we now call "Russia". Looking for good, he with his colleagues, developed therms Minor Rus' (Ruthenia) and Magna Rus' (Muscovy), helping tsar to make a legend that built and integrated Russian empire (some Ukrainians now even claim him to be a traitor of a nation, because of this). This question is extremely important. Also, if you could, please try to explain to the people how toponym "Ruthenia" was effectively changed by "Ukraine", while russians transformed themselves from the muscovites. I is still quite difficult and contraversional one. Russians are becoming mad about it, cause in their minds sharing the Rus' legacy with us is unasseptable. So for hundreeds years they did their best push down this historical memory, otherwise it could destroy their 300-years old legend, which still helps them to kill and destroy us today. Please help the people to realize that Ukraine/Ruthenia (together with Belarus actually) has at least not less claims on Rus's legacy, then Russia. This question is fundamental and existentional for Ukraine (and Belarus), because telling the whole of the history (not liked by russians) may extremely help us to win on the ideological front, while we do our best on the grounds. Thank you for reading and see you on the next one! :)

[@Konzor]

That’s correct. You should read “Lost Empire” by Plokhii.

[@j.d.snyder4466]

Anton S: I suggest getting a copy of The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Pre-Modern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus by Serhii Plokhy, Ukrainian historian at Harvard. It's excellent.

[@Andrj47]

Русь це лише українська держава. Яке відношення має росія до нашої історії. Ти написав очевидні речі, але в соусі російської пропаганди

[@Samimi_Sabimi]

You're fool? Russia has never denied a common past with Belarusians and Ukrainians! Russians have always said that our common ancient ancestors lived in Rus'. And that only the Tatar-Mongol invasion and feudal fragmentation divided the ancestors into three groups of nations. These are Ukrainian nationalists who are trying to rewrite history and make Rus' just a small piece of land around them. It’s as if they are blind and don’t know that the territory near Moscow was also Rus' at that time! And forgetting that the source of Rus' was given by the Varangians of Ladoga and Novgorod

[@sircatangry5864]

​@@Samimi_SabimiFor half milenia ukranians were called Rusins, and Ukraine, Rus, so maybe it's no so common after all?

[@dmytro_volianyk]

Thanks for the video! Greetings from Ukraine!

[@oblakevychd]

Excellent work on the history of Ukraine, although there are some mistakes. The basis of the Cossacks was the religious identity - the Eastern or Greek rite, which was under the pressure of the Catholic Commonwealth. Although the majority of Cossacks were still Ukrainians. It is very cool that you mentioned Ostrogski family. Many Ukrainian aristocratic families since the medieval Rus' went into the service of the Polish kings and princes of Lithuania, later converted to Catholicism and adopted a new Polish identity, forgetting their Ruthenian roots. However the biggest inaccuracy in most of your videos is the indication of the existence of Russia, that appeared only in 1721 as the All-Russian Empire. Calling Muscovite tsardom as Russia since the time of Ivan the Terrible is a gross oversimplification. Tsars only held a title, but did't re-named their state and people until Peter 1. But anyway, thanks for this video!

[@theowlx7_alex245]

Actually Ivan claimed himself as the Tzar of the Whole of the Rus, which meant that the Grand Duchy of Muscovy turned into modern russia state

[@oblakevychd]

@@theowlx7_alex245 It was just the title. In diplomacy and all documents of that time, that state continued to be called the Muscovite Tsardom until the 18th century.

[@theowlx7_alex245]

@@oblakevychd agree, personally I never call them other way than muscovites 😂 but in English popular history I believe it's better to mark this country as russia so everyone understands

[@anyakosta364]

@@theowlx7_alex245 rus and Russia 2 different names....

[@alishersukhanbekov8011]

Do you realize the difference between exoethnonym and endoethnonym? Russians have never called themselves muscovites as well as german don't call themselves "nemci".