Rise of the Cossacks - Origins of the Ukrainians DOCUMENTARY

[Kings and Generals]

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[A Moose]

@Askat’s normal to anglicize names. What do you expect, for us to constantly cater and pronounce everything the way you want it. I’m French, I don’t expect you to pronounce Paris, “Paree” like a native speaker. Get real

[Rellana1]

@Nathan Nelson How so? Facts please to back up your story.

[Rellana1]

@Nathan Nelson After 2 world wars the Korean war and numerous actions against rebels in various countries,we fully understand how war works.

[Nathan Nelson]

@Rellana1 hope Austria enjoys getting nuked!! Gonna be halarious when you understand how wars work.... Hope you survive lol

[Pawel X]

Any chance of a link to the previous video in the series?

[Bohdan Hovorun]

Regarding the origin of the Cossacs, it is also worth mentioning that in 1528 there was a nation-wide nobility census in the Grand duchy of Lithuania (Popys Zemskyi). As a result, some nobility, who could not prove their origin, or (more commonly) made wrong enemies at the court, were stripped of their rank and land. Those guys also joined the cossacks and they certainly held no love for the government of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

[Justin Willingale]

That’s why a lot of Cossacks joined the tsar to get their mobility back and lands which to a degree the tsar did

[Kestutis Samogitian]

@Michał Wasilewski globalists will rule you so...

[Chilling league]

@Agent Fundacji there is actually a ukrainian story called Martin Borulia. Martyn Borulya files a lawsuit against Mr. Krasovsky because he called him "cattle" (domestic cattle, as unfree peasants and serfs were called), at the same time he begins the process of legally proving his nobility, which was granted to his grandfather for his service in the army. At the end of the story, everything goes wrong. Borulya loses the court, and due to an error in the register (his last name was recorded as Berulya), he never manages to obtain the certificate of nobility.

[SirCatAngry]

@Lo Ko Удивительно что этот термин использовала вся Европа, или это вся Европа подверглась пропаганде?

[SirCatAngry]

@Lo Ko Ну да тысячи лет удивительно не так ли? Украинцы себя начали так называть уже во времена Хмельницкого а всеобщей практикой это стало в начале 19 века.

[J . P Goodwin]

Timothy Snyder also has an excellent series of books on European History, Bloodlands is about essentially Ukraine and it's relationships with Europe and Russia and the Mongol Empire. He is currently doing a series of lectures on Ukraine and up to lesson 22. An excellent intro is "Post Colonial Ukraine "

[Nate L]

Number 23 is. Available

[TheEudaemonicPlague]

This is the second video I've watched recently that talks about this era, though the other one continued into current time. Each provides info the other doesn't, making it worth watching both in their entirety. I'm nowhere near done learning about the region's history...I suppose I'd better visit the Internet Archive. Anyway, you've made this interesting enough that I was sad it ended so soon. Of course I'm going to sub--I wouldn't want to miss the next one.

[The Very Lovely Channel]

Can you post a link of other video? Kind regards.

[Bangs Cutter]

Poland-Lithuania: "So, are you Cossacks fighting for us, or against us?" Cossacks: "Yes"

[Igor Garik]

@theggman 111 ​ Ruteniya is prototype of Ukraine. Ruthenia was born in process of collapse of Kyivan Rus. The collapse of Kyivan Rus led to separatist sentiments of the Suzdal-Vladimir Principality (as part of this principality at that time young Moscow was just being created). The Suzdal-Vladimir Principality wanted independence from Kyiv or to move center of power to city of Vladimir. In 1169, Suzdal-Vladimir principality attacked Kyiv (when Kyiv army left city on other matters). After that, princes of Suzdal-Vladimir principality began to make center of power in Vladimir. But Galicia-Volyn principality didnt agree with this. The Galician prince very quickly recaptured Kyiv and lands around it from Suzdal-Vladimir principality. In future, lands of Chernihiv, Kyiv and south of them to Zaporozhye were under control of Galicia-Volyn princes. The Galicia-Volyn principality is prototype of modern Ukraine (in those ancient times it was called Ruthenia). At the same time, Suzdal-Vladimir (in future Muscovy) principality became prototype of modern Russia. The mental gap between peoples of Ruthenia (Principality of Galicia-Volyn and Lands of Kyiv, Chernihiv and other lands south of it near the Dnipro River) and Muscovy (Principality of Suzdal-Vladimir) was strengthened when Ruthenia became part of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (this principality after union with Poland became Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), and Suzdal-Vladimir principality (future Muscovy and Russia) became part of Golden Horde for 300 years. That is, mentality of the people of Ruthenia was formed as part of Poland and Lithuania, and mentality of modern Russians was formed for 300 years as part of barbaric aggressive Golden Horde (an Asian empire that always had little land). The creation of Cossacks in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth mainly took place at expense of the Ruthenians, who could not obtain status of nobility as part of the Polish Kingdom or the Lithuanian Principality. Also, the Polish crown followed policy of spreading Catholicism. And Ruthenians wanted to be predominantly Orthodox. Therefore, formation of the Cossack and Orthodox army was logical at a time when Ruthenians wanted recognition of their rights in kingdom where Poles and Lithuanians had an advantage. Maybe Cossacks didnt want full independence at first, but they definitely wanted Orthodox autonomy as part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Cossacks didnt really want to join Muscovy at first, and uniting in Muscovy in 1654 was a forced step. If Polish crown had been more tolerant of demands of the Cossacks, history would have been different.

[Giorgi Jioshvili]

@theggman 111 Cossack Hetmanate wanted to be independent from polish Rule what does " they didn't think about creating their own country" mean's? also when Ukraine was established in 1918 it was called second Hetmanate

[theggman 111]

@Giorgi Jioshvili But at the beggining they didn't think about creating their own country. At first it was hetmanate, but "Ukraine" as idea of country was created much later.

[Giorgi Jioshvili]

@theggman 111 zaporizhzhia cossacks speciaficly were Ukranian who spoke Ruthenian

[theggman 111]

@Giorgi Jioshvili Ofc, but calling cossacks Just as Ukraine is too simple to show thier diversity.

[BeyondYore]

Nice to quote "Hey Sokoli" in the beginning! It is one of the most beautiful folk songs as well in Ukrainian as in Polish.

[Chlopakzpolski]

@ⰄⰀⰆⰠⰁⰑⰃ ⰂⰡⰎⰅⰔ Yes it is, Ukrainian language sounds like Russian for me, Poles had common language with Chechs until medieval times , until today chech language is most understandable for Poles, Ukrainians (ruthenians) are eastern slavs conquered and united by viking dynasty from Novogrod. For example - Oleg, Igor, Boris are scandinavian names, popular in both Russia and Ukraine.

[Taras]

Indeed!

[Gromosław Śmiały]

@Alexander Sidorenko me too I'm only checking information.

[Alexander Sidorenko]

@Gromosław Śmiały I'm not an expert in this field. So I will not dispute.

[Gromosław Śmiały]

@Alexander Sidorenko from ukrainian wikipedia "Тривалий час вважалося, що автором пісні є польсько-український поет Тимко Падура, хоча пісні «Гей соколи!» немає в жодному виданні творів Тимка Падури, й ніхто з дослідників його творчості не висував припущення про його авторство.[3] Також у багатьох джерелах вона згадується як народна пісня XIX століття: українська[4], чи польська[5] залежно від джерела. За іншою думкою, також не підтвердженою, автором тексту був Йосиф Богдан Залеський, поет ХІХ ст., представник української школи польського романтизму[6]. "

[QqTrol]

There is a big oversimplification in calling the magnates of Ukraine 'polish aristocrats', yes they were the rulling class in a state entity that today is quite misleadingly called 'Poland' but they were predominantly of ruthenian origin. Most of them adopted polish language and catholic faith in the seventeenth century. What made them polish by those days standards was being the citizens of the Commonwealth but even after they 'fully' polonised they still described themselves as 'gente ruthenus natione polonus' that can be translated to 'of ruthenian origin nationality polish', the main thing is that your ethnicity was far less important for the people of this region than your class. For example in the XVI century a calvin noble from western Poland would feel much more fraternity with his ruthenian speaking orthodox counterpart from today Ukraine than with a peasant or a burgher from his surroundings. Fast forwarding to the XIX century we can see that when your ethinicty becomes much larger factor in your national identification there are examples of many families in which brothers and sisters are choosing different nationalities (polish and ukraninian, polish and belarussian or polish and lithuanian). It is also worth mentioning that polonisation of the eastern nobility wasn't aggresive at all and it would be best to describe the process as: 'ruthenian nobility polonised itself' rather than 'ruthenian nobility was polonised'. I know this comment is also a big oversimplification but any has to be as there have been tens of books written about the topic.

[Kosta S.]

Lol your statement doesn’t make sense. Just because WesternUkrainians and Polish people are now new found brothers all of a sudden doesn’t mean that Ukrainians and Polish had a good relation in the past. Poland has been the surpressor of Ukraine as moscovites were, see Khelmnnizky or even Bandera

[Michael Mazowiecki]

@wlaba272 Not so. The concept of "Polish " was restricted to the gentry/nobility to the late 18th century. The urban populations were mostly Germanic or Jewish, spoke their own languages and had no vote. The peasantry only started to believe that they belonged to a Polish nation after emancipation by the three occupying powers: Prussia in 1807, Austria in 1848 and Russia in 1863. It really took to 1918. Kim jestes? Ja tutejszy" or " Ja modle po polsku" was a common response still in the mid 20th century in rural areas (Personally experienced in current Polish Eastern borderlands in 1970). Please do not swallow myths about sense of nationality.

[Michael Mazowiecki]

"Gente" readily translates as "gentry" Thus, ruthenian gentry of the Polish nation. The concept of "nation" was then associated with the Respublica or Commonwealth or Republic, strictly meaning the landowning gentry or nobility whose representatives were voted into the local or regional Diets and, in turn, the State Sejm or Parliament Lower House. The aristocracy were the few super-rich families with massive land holdings and private armies, nearly all based in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and its Ruthenian territories, often of royal origin claiming descent going back to Rurik. They elected the Senators of the national Parliament Upper House Poland/Lithuania was multi ethnic, multi cultural and multi religious. Visit Vilnius and you can see it in the mix of religious buildings representing that cocktail: Roman Catholic, various Orthodox allegiances, Greco-Catholic (Uniate), various Protestant, Jewish, Muslim and others!

[Dan]

@Bogusław Gaś btw, 90% of "witch" victims are from protestant regions mostly in North Germany, Netherlands and England...

[Volodymyr Syzonenko]

@QqTrol exactly, there is even a poem written by Shevchenko where a clear distinction between poles and catholic priests is drawn ("to the Poles" or somethig like this in English or "Полякам". Not to mention that this problem was by and large solved by creation of Union church which was a mix of orthodox and catholic but recognized Pope as their prime priest

[Anton Danylchenko]

Otaman and Hetman were two different things. Otaman(Ataman) was the elected ruler of Zaporozhian Sich. Sich itself was a military camp where Cossacks gathered e.g. before planned military campaigns. Sich was located in different places throughout the history. Hetman title meant simply the leader of the army - there were hetmans in Polish and Lithuanian armies as well. Khmelnytskyi never was an Otaman. He fled to the Sich and was proclaimed as a Hetman - the military leader for the upcoming new military campaign. The state formed by Khmelnyskyi - the Hetmanate (the real name of the state was Zaporozhian Host). But there was still another state - the original Zaporozhian Host (led by Otaman). And the relation between Hetmanate and original Zaporozhian Host were not always good.

[Ion Brad]

@Skulls For Erlik Khan's Throne Both Ataman and Hetman are derived from German ”hauptmann” (= captain)

[Lukas Wilhelm]

@Anton Danylchenko thanks for info, at first i thought that this just a same word with different dialects or something like that.

[Anton Danylchenko]

@Lukas Wilhelm Otaman - was both the "mayor" of the Sich and the military leader. There were different types of Otamans: Otaman of the Sich, Otaman of small settlement (Kish). So there could be many Otamans. This is much older term than Hetman. "Otaman" was used since XV century or even earlier. And it was used even in XX century during the Ukrainian-Bolshevik wars when the person who organized the armed resistance in some area was called the Otaman. We have the word "Otamanshchyna" (Otamanness) with negative meaning - the state when instead of one strong central power there are many local warlords-otamans who act in their own interest. Hetman is more new term. Hetman was at first used strictly in the meaning "head of the army". But army could be led by Otaman as well. It is only after success of Khmelnytskyi Uprising (when the Cossack Hetmanate was formed) when the word Hetman became to be associated with "the leader of the state" (strictly the leader of Ukrainian state). At the same time Polish and Lithuanian armies had their own Hetmans (military leaders who ruled the army). As a result two different states existed at the same time - the republic of Zaporozhian Sich led by Otaman (on original lands ruled by Cossacks) and the Cossack Hetmanate led by Hetman (on Ruthenian lands taken after Cossack Uprising).

[Lukas Wilhelm]

So to put it simply it's like political office vs military office?

[Margareta Ticarat]

ATAMAN,HETMAN,...is close to hitman.

[Taras]

I had long known about the Cossacks even though I was raised in America. I was named after a fictional Cossack, and my parents knew one who settled in St. Louis where they were living. They have always fascinated me, and it pleases me Ukrainians today still celebrate Cossack traditions, customers and culture.

[Ed Vergara]

@Michael Walton One of my favorite movies when I was in high school. LOL

[Kosta S.]

Most Cossacks ancestors live in Russia tough

[Michael Walton]

Taras Bulba! Great movie!😁👍

[Taras]

@Shylock WeskerYes, Taras Bulba.....

[Shylock Wesker]

Let me guess, Taras Bulba?

[Wojtek]

Those catholic lords, magnates from Ukraine were actually Ukrainians/Ruthenians too. They just converted to Catholicism and polonized. Many of them were far descendants of Rurik. Most of them used old Rus title knaz (prince).

[Wang Ai Hua]

@Mergor x My take on this is: there are two terms: Honcho and Head Honcho Prince (may become) KING Kniaz (may become) Velykyj Kniaz Prince (may become) Grand Prince Khan (may become) Great Khan In English there are two different words to describe the Honcho and Head Honcho---that is Prince and King. In Ukrainian there was only one word Kniaz and so the Head Honcho (King) was Velykyj Kniaz. In translation Kniaz became Prince (because there were many and they could become the successors) so if Kniaz was translated to "Prince", then the Velykyj Kniaz (King) was translated to "Grand Prince".

[Kefir Mroku]

@Hubert Sychterz "dux militorum" is literal translation of "voivod", there was such title in all the Slavic states

[Kefir Mroku]

@Mergor x "Knaz" or "kneg" is literally the same word as Germanic word "konig" or "king" and Turkish word "khan" or "khagan", so they are translated either as "petty kings" or as "princes" The word "duke" in Slavic languages is "voivod".

[Mergor x]

@Wojtek Thank you aswell, i get it now

[Mergor x]

@NPC 001 Thanks for explaining it, makes sense now

[Mike Oxlong]

I’m Polish but I think Ruthenia should’ve been granted more power during our commonwealth. Something akin to a Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian commonwealth

[Dan]

@Michał Chrzanowski If not Ukrane Poland would be small like Czechia. At best

[konji san]

@Velzavul Lwów didnt look like Ukraine

[Phiusmes]

Then history would've been completely different. No ww1, no holocaust, no holodomor and no ww2.

[Velzavul]

@Mike Oxlong Всі ці міста засновані українцями (в тому числі Холм) і проживають тут українці. Те що ви встигли набудувати за часи окупації частини України вашою державою для порівняння значно менше ніж було збудовано за часи СССР, а щей Австро-Угорщина... Викинь з голови імперські замашки не будь росіянином, Львів це Україна і він український.

[Velzavul]

@Michał Chrzanowski Ого, бачу поляка який думає як росіянин....росіяни теж так кажуть. Україну постійно намагалися окупувати австрійці, поляки, литовці, росіяни....Якщо не пимиляюся Радянський союз вам теж у Польщі своїх будинків набудував і від німців звільнитися допоміг...по твоїй логіці у вас випливає те саме.

[Artur M.]

I see what you did at the beginning. ;-) Of course, it's just scratching the surface of an immensely complex and complicated topic (several topics, really). You could make an entire episode about the Church Union of Brest (1596) and how it contributed to the rise of tensions in Ukraine, or create a whole series taking a closer look at the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from its origins. One thing that I would really like to add was in the part when you discussed the various likely roots of the egalitarian, "democratic" culture of the Cossacks. I'd say that, paradoxically, the political culture of the Polish-Lithuanian nobility was among these roots. The members of _szlachta_ not only enjoyed great privileges but were also very numerous (the lowest of the very varied estimates put them at least at 5% of the whole population, way above the European average) and were all legally equal (no additional "tiers" among the aristocracy, with different rights and privileges). That meant (among other things) that tens of thousands of nobles, many of them simple farmers, took a direct part in electing their kings (who in turn could do very little without the approval of the Sejm - the parliament of the Commonwealth). Many Cossacks found this system attractive and wanted to participate in it, but were harshly denied access. In 1632 a delegation of Cossacks showed up at the special session of the Sejm (known as the convocation), which was preparing for the next royal election, and demanded to take part in it, as they were "the members of the Commonwealth" too. The Grand Chancellor of Lithuania, Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł supposedly told them that they may be "members" of the Commonwealth but are to it like fingernails and hair to the human body - need to be cut from time to time, once they grew too much. Well, as we can see that attitude backfired a bit...

[Lukas Wilhelm]

Not exactly as popular democracy of today but the Polish have Noble democracy while the cossacks have military democracy.

[xOdySx]

I wanted to add similar comments, thanks for bringing them

[Leo]

The Rada existed back in the days of Rus, oddly enough, the roots lie in the official historical legend those times of the Polish nobility and Cossacks. Both of them traced their history back to the Scythians, and there it was known from written Greek sources that there was democracy among sword owners. Kossak considered any Ruthenian potentially equal after using the social elevator in the form of an army. While the Polish nobility considered a Pole not a nobleman to be dirt, as in principle, a Rusyn Lithuanian, and then they really did not like social elevators. That is, the Cossacks approached the original. The more people with full civil rights, the less power each representative has. That is, the Polish nobility was worried about the price of a vote.

[dilofozaur]

Famous Polish bard Jacek Kaczmarski wrote and sang a song about the aftermath of it during the reign of Jeremi Wiśniowiecki (ukr. Єремі́я Вишневе́цький) in Ruthenia.

[Dan Mitchell]

I love how diverse history that kings and general channel talk about . Highly enlightening. It just goes to show how cultural mixes happen with mix of words like Hetman etc . But nice to see Ukraine rich history discussed and polish -Lithuania rich history to

[konji san]

Poland was the most mixed cultural, nationalitis at that time

[Michael Salmon]

@Viktoria Vonsovych not really they weren’t Russian or Ukrainian they were a mix of both as well as Turk and tartar and everything else in the area They were in the territory of modern day Ukraine but only because at that time the steppes were extremely sparsely inhabited

[Viktoria Vonsovych]

@Michael Salmon yes, one more thing ruzzians stole from us

[Michael Salmon]

and russian history as well, there were many russian cossacks and famously they were the elite army units of the tsars

[Alexander Hyaguer]

if one song, represents this era was this song: kzbin.info/www/bejne/emKTaqWbdqpqibs

[Vry]

There's actually a really nice Polish movie from the 90', "With Fire and Sword", well known both in Poland and in Ukraine (it depicts both quite nicely both sides of the 1648 civil war) that can be found on youtube with english subtitles: kzbin.info/www/bejne/i36okHmDmJmSiKs The quality isn't perfect, but I'm sure it can be found elswhere, too. For people from the "region" who at least hear the difference between the languages, it may be even more interesting as it's 50-50 in Polish and in Ukraininan and the changes of the language that the characters use add an extra layer to the movie, but the movie should be clear to anyone anyway.

[NKevK]

Mount & Blade: With fire and Sword is also a fun game set in this period

[Alek Shukhevych]

@Kefir Mroku It is a Polish movie however, and no it did not depict Ukrainians nicely either.

[scott left]

Great film...thankyou.

[Nicolas Iden]

Love that TV show

[Kefir Mroku]

It depicts Ukrainians nicely, but it is total parody of both Polish ducal courts and Polish military tactics.

[stormtrooper_34]

My hometown, Kremenchuk, actually was founded as one of those forts against tatars in 1571

[Samal Aimukhametova]

@Maksym Kashchuk ,вы даже не поняли к чему я всё это написала смешали всё в кучу. P.s.Это тоже самое что делить турков от Османской империи, и убрать причастности

[Maksym Kashchuk]

@Samal Aimukhametova Так Золотой Орды тогда уже и не было, а было Крымское Ханство, которое временами помогало козакам, а временами враждовали. Сами же крымские татары подняли восстание против орды и так обрели свою независимость

[Samal Aimukhametova]

@Lukas Wilhelm ,и как Google перевёл?

[Lukas Wilhelm]

@Samal Aimukhametova is this just me or google translate confuse us?

[Samal Aimukhametova]

@Lukas Wilhelm , понятно,можно сказать почти свой человек

[Milos Dimitrijevic]

It would be interesting if you would cover the Deluge, a turbulent time in Polish-Lithuanian history, tightly intertwined with Cossack Hetmanate.

[michael eager]

Yeah, and what happened to the animals when the ark was finally on solid ground

[Doug H]

@Milos Dimitrijevic Very tight cover! I like!!

[Milos Dimitrijevic]

@Andriy Moskalenko When Poland, Russia, Tatars, Cossacks fought each other, changing alliances multiple times, with most of Poland being occupied at one point. It was a total mess

[Andriy Moskalenko]

Hmm I from Ukraine and haven't heard of it, I'll give it a try ;)

[Misha]

For those who are interested in this period of Ukrainian and Polish history I highly recommend check out "Deluge" and "Fire and Sword" movies by Jerzy Hoffman. You can find them for free with English subtitles on KZbin actually. They are almost hollywood level production and the acting, plot, etc is top notch.

[bogdan botha]

Better to read the trilogy. .The 3 historical novels of Sienkiewicz. wich ispired the movies

[Ryszard Nowak]

​@Vados You make me laugh, check characteristics some of husaria battles and then have a say ...they were able to take average 5 ranks of infantry on single strike, very often after theirs horses got theirs harts pirced.. So on the other hand Cossacks were type of guerilla fighters that were good with wagons/infantry tactics, quite helpful at sige of town but in open fields there was no match to polish-lithuenian husaria, not even cuirassiers, schwarze reiter or swedish pikemen, much better orginize and disciplined than Cossacs, coudn't have a chance with them of course in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth teritory... by the way where did you get this information: quote: '...1k Cossacks could go versus 10k of hussars and kick their asses....':) Don't you think that if that was a true, polish crown / szlachta wouldn't spend time and money to develop husaria but instead they would hire for friction of money bare chested Cossacs to fight for them agains Muscovites Swedes Turks etc.? :) ... and please do not rely your historical knolage on fictual novels or badly executed films...Sienkiewicz novels eventhou set in historical time and space have a lot of historical misleads ...

[Lukas Wilhelm]

Already watch it, great movie but not really historical since it was adapted from novel.

[JA AK]

Fire and Sword is amazing movie!!!!

[George Blank]

@Xukti If you want people to buy tickets to your movie, never let facts get in the way of a good story!

[Rishikesh Wagh]

I first learnt about the Cossacs through a Mumford & Sons song called 'Ditmas'. I absolutely loved the video featuring a Cossac warrior trying to tame a wild horse and then finally experience freedom. Have always been interested in them since. Totally recommend the song along with the music video. It's brilliant.

[AlcaturMaethor]

An interesting thing, completly ommitted, was the fact that Khmielnitsky was meeting often with then Polish king (Vladislaus IV) in preparation for a war with Tatars and Turkey (which would be very beneficial for Cossacks, especially increasing their autonomy). Vladislaus was seen as friendly to Cossacks, but his plans for war were ultimately rejected by the parliament. There are sings that he was actually at least verbally supportive of the planned uprising - he publically told to Cossacks complaining about their rights "don't you have sabres at your side?" while the parliament was by far more oppressive ("you are like nails to be cut"). There is little historical evidence, but it could be that Khmenitsky hoped for support of Vladislaus IV of some sort. Khmelnitsky did allegedly have a royal banner and a sign of hetman office from king. Vladuslaus died however just as the uprising begun and had no chance to do anything.

[Kosa]

Yep, King wanted to create alliance between Commonwealth and Russia and together destroy Crimea Khanate and later strike at Ottomans, but this plan failed miserably

[Grzegorz Brzęczyszczykiewicz]

@AlcaturMaethor ok good to know

[AlcaturMaethor]

@Grzegorz Brzęczyszczykiewicz Nope, this comes from Władysław Czapliński "Władysław IV i jego czasy"

[Grzegorz Brzęczyszczykiewicz]

I'm pretty sure Sienkiewicz made up "don't you have sabersat your belt". But generally that was true

[tkdyo]

These kind of videos really make you realize just HOW MUCH happens geopolitically in 100 years, even in a little area not often on the world stage. Day to day things seem so stable and unmoving, but you just zoom out a bit and see how untrue that is.

[Petrus K]

Everyday

[John Grobler]

Fantastic contribution that adds massive new depth toone's reading of the ongoing Russian war of aggression against Ukraine. This clearly is not a new fight.

[Phiusmes]

It's a 350 year old war between two nations that are complete opposites of each other.

[StopFear]

For those interested in random facts, check online for the history of the city Donetsk. It was first industrialized by a British industrialist John Hughes who invested money into discovery and development of coal mines and factories in the region. Donetsk used to be called Yuzovka (Hughes ovka, get it?). Later when the British left, it was called Donetks for a brief time. Then when Stalin was in charge it was called Stalino. After the scumbag Stalin croaked, it became Donetsk again. I am very sad to see the region of my origin be taken over by Putin's army. Among them are many of the so called Don Cossacks. They are essentially a paramilitary group who does dirty things Putin doesn't want his military to do openly, although the latter has shown to be barbaric already with the way they destroyed many obviously civilian targets and people. These Don Cossacks are the Russian version of extreme Christian fundamentalists. At least they project that image. They usually openly advocate for restoration of absolute monarchy in the modern world. At the 2014 Sochi Olympics their people used a whip to attack musicians from Pussy Riot showing how uncivilized they are. They are claimed to have committed horrible war crimes in South Ossetia, Georgia, in Chechnya, and they were the ones who essentially stole a piece of land from Moldova known as Transnistria in English (Prednistrovie) in Russian. Ok, random information sharing over.

[Marian Lewicki]

@Threezi Where did you read that and on which years they had been Tsar's enforcers I would like to know? If you do not mind, how those cossacks came to their end without looking into books or the internet. There are historical facts that due to geopolitical situations enemies had to work together to survive or for another reason. The history of those lands is more complicated than one can think. Had you known that cossacks had built an underwater boat and had used it in the real expedition! I do not remember the year that has happened only that may be the first underwater boat in the world!!!

[Chester Mosburger]

@StopFear it would be surprising if there existed a religious establishment which actually did promote peace instead of the furtherance of its own authority. The Quakers, possibly...

[StopFear]

@Chester Mosburger I don’t know if you are familiar with Christian Orthodox, but in modern Russian context they are mostly a hyper conservative group rather than sincere Christians. They will like the orthodox icons, go to the church, and maybe pray, but this is very superficial and almost transactional. It is like that among different Christian groups/sects but more so in their case IMHO. I think they value their nationalist and racist views more than the authentic Biblical teachings. The Russian Orthodox Church is very much almost entirely defined by nationalism as it was under the tsars. In fact as you may know, most counties with an Orthodox population has their own patriarchate, but most consider the universal patriarch to be the one who is currently in Istanbul in Turkey and his name is Patriarch Bartholomew. Russian Orthodox reject that and claim they are the universal and “true church” by argument that “We have the largest Orthodox population so accept our authority”. That is my impression of state of things.

[StopFear]

@Threezi I specifically used the term “so called Don Cossacks”. to indicate that the people in their organization are using the name for some sort of status and pride but they do not genuinely hold authentic views of the Don Cossacks. Of course they were is banned group between the 1930s and early 90s, but before and after they are known for doing very horrible things. They are a modern paramilitary mercenary group without morals who hide behind the label. That is why “so called”

[Chester Mosburger]

funny how their "Christian fundamentalism" doesn't incorporate the fundamental non-violence teachings of Christ!

[Anton Sokolyuk]

Hope to see next part soon! Could I ask you to pay some attention to Theophan Prokopovych - great ruthenian theologist, that helped tsar Peter to ideologically transform Muscovy into what we now call "Russia". Looking for good, he with his colleagues, developed therms Minor Rus' (Ruthenia) and Magna Rus' (Muscovy), helping tsar to make a legend that built and integrated Russian empire (some Ukrainians now even claim him to be a traitor of a nation, because of this). This question is extremely important. Also, if you could, please try to explain to the people how toponym "Ruthenia" was effectively changed by "Ukraine", while russians transformed themselves from the muscovites. I is still quite difficult and contraversional one. Russians are becoming mad about it, cause in their minds sharing the Rus' legacy with us is unasseptable. So for hundreeds years they did their best push down this historical memory, otherwise it could destroy their 300-years old legend, which still helps them to kill and destroy us today. Please help the people to realize that Ukraine/Ruthenia (together with Belarus actually) has at least not less claims on Rus's legacy, then Russia. This question is fundamental and existentional for Ukraine (and Belarus), because telling the whole of the history (not liked by russians) may extremely help us to win on the ideological front, while we do our best on the grounds. Thank you for reading and see you on the next one! :)

[Kosta S.]

That’s correct. You should read “Lost Empire” by Plokhii.

[Dutch]

Nicely presented

[piotr wojdelko]

As a Pole I would say Germans left their castle in Poland and Poland left in Ukraine .It is likely that there is more Polish castle in Ukraine than in Poland.I read that some of them were so rich that their revenue was relevant to year of annual the UK budget and more than Polish budget.

[Kosta S.]

Didn’t know Poland was ever a rich country.

[Eljan Rimsa]

I read Gogol's Taras Bulba a long time ago, and I remember that after reading it I strongly felt the freedom of life on the steppe, but I didn't understand who they were fighting with or against.

[tk tilk]

@Hubert SychterzМожливо він і був частково польського походження, проте в особистих листах він не міг чітко відповісти, чи він є русином(українцем) а чи московитом(росіянином). Микола Гоголь написав першу версію для себе Тараса Бульби, якою вона мала б бути, а для московського імператора дав цензуровану версію з " майбутнім царем зі Сходу", що явно було брехнею і намаганням прислужитися царю.

[Phiusmes]

You didn't understand it for a good reason. Russians edited the book to jumble characters around in order to show russians in good light, so the book doesn't make sense other than for it's artistic value. The original was only recently published for the first time and the story makes total sense.

[Anya Skirko]

They and us were and are fighting for freedom. Always.

[Nicholas Sinclair]

@mashinajoe Damn fine Yul Brynner action movie,great orchestral score('The Ride to Dubno',etc),even with Tony Curtis's NYC accent(😂!);and as noted in the end credits;the Argentine army provided the extras who doubled as the historically-famous 'Polish (winged) Hussars'!😉 My 2012 Spanish-import DVD copy is part of a special Brynner boxset,with the original classic 'Westworld' ,and the rarely-seen 'Escape from Zahrain' and 'The Ultimate Warrior'👌 P.S. I also owned another more recently-made (non-Brynner) Russian-language film DVD version,which seems closer to the original story.

[Samal Aimukhametova]

@tk tilk ,тут с Вами солидарна. Ещё мне жаль, что кочевники мало что пишут, а только устное по большей части.

[VLad SAvka]

Great video! Top content as always! I would like mentioning of the fact that Cossacks also served as mercenaries in Thirty Years War. And many of these well armed and experienced veterans joined Khmelnitsky uprising in 1648.

[Veldren Savoth]

That intro. That first 17 seconds. You saw an opportunity and you took it. And it worked wonderful. That was a pro level move. I love this channel

[Mykolas Dobilaitis]

It's really fun that you are covering lesser known moments in history. I hope some day you Will make a dedicated video about the rise of grand Dutcy of lithuania

[High]

Svidrigailo uprising! I have never seen any video about this war. Would be cool

[Slobodan Stamenic]

Probably when Russians invade you. You will have preferential status on K&G.

[Marius Sidlauskas]

We really don’t get much coverage, a pagan nation late into the Middle Ages is kinda nuts tho

[Lucas Kiai]

👏🏿👏🏿nice one. Truly nothing is new under the sun if present happened are to be examined.

[Raz Koller's Music]

Probably lost in the ocean of comments, but I thought to mention that I love what you're doing and also a suggestion - how about keeping the year (or years) in question on the screen at all times? Half way through I asked myself "wait a minute, when was this? What happens in the meantime in the rest of Europe?". And I had to google it to remind myself. A tiny clock with the year in which this is happening would be useful.

[Filip Bogdanovic]

you should do a video or two on the migration of the south and west slavs, there are a lot of historical sources with some really interesting stories.

[Benedict Mark Olitoquit]

love the way of elaborating the true life of being a Cossack

[MbisonBalrog]

Need more on the Pagan Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Northern Crusades.

[The Awesome Man]

@ryckak The Poles used to be Pagan before the Crusaders converted them to Catholicism

[The Awesome Man]

They did a video on the Christian Crusaders versing the pagan Poles.

[dcb]

Had the Polish nobles paid the registered Cossack, as promised, those registered Cossacks would have remained loyal to the Commonwealth and kept the rebellious elements at bay in the 1640's.

[Marian Lewicki]

@Ryszard Nowak Only registered cossacks had the right to fight for those who had to pay for their services for some period of time or till their assistance was not required and yes they were not paid.

[Ryszard Nowak]

conflict wasn't about those payment (not entirely), Commonwealth also was late with payment for polish nobleman who mostly fought as husaria and had to pay for horses and equipment by themselves, it was about being recorded in cossacs register, so they could have all same rights as nobelmans in other case they would be just pesants who must work for Nobelman Landlord, that's why they were escaping to Sicz

[dcb]

@Sante Paulus Not convinced the Cossacks had any "ambitions of own state"...the very definition of the Cossacks in that period was of a semi nomadic people loyal to their Hetman who himself was allied in a loose confederation of other local leaders. The reason the rebellion itself ended in servitude to Russia was the lack of any overall vision.

[Jarod 1999]

Cossack history is so extraordinary.

[Kris Dudas-Hjelms]

Love the opening of the episode with Hej Sokoły. Excellent writing!

[Anton Danylchenko]

The roots of Cossacks lay even more deep in history. There were East Slavic tribes Ulichs and Tivertsi who inhabited the land between lower Danube and lower Dnieper. They became victims of nomadic Turkic invasions and many of them resettled to the north. However some of them remained on original lands and came to some agreement with Cumans. By that time they were known as Berladnici and Brodnici. Berladnici had the prototype of Sich - the military camp in Berlad where people from Rus' fled, including even some princes. Brodnici sided with Mongols in the battle of Kalka river. When papal legate travelled from Crimea to Sarai (Golden Horde capital) he witnessed two different groups of people who inhabited Azov Sea coast area - nomadic Cumans and settled Rusyns (Brodnici). Those Rusyns lived from salt trade, fishing and controlled the fords (river crossings) and gathered taxes there. According to papal legate Rusyns lived and made trade all the way to Volga river. Of course, those people did not disappear and became the base for future Cossacks. They borrowed many things from Cumans - military tactics in the steppe, basic things about steppe life, etc. You can read more here - www.quora.com/Who-were-the-Cossacks-in-Ukraine/answer/Anton-Danylchenko-1

[Florian Pierre DUMONT]

Fun fact : Cossacks were also able to raid their ennemies by sea, having ships which they built, or stole from their ennemies. Yet, too marginal, the sea Cossacks finally disappeared.

[ⰄⰀⰆⰠⰁⰑⰃ ⰂⰡⰎⰅⰔ]

Actually, prior to the Battle of Khotyn they defeated one of the Ottomans fleets and sacked the outskirts of Constantinople - the capital.

[David Collins]

They terrorized the Black Sea in their Chaikas and even took on the Ottoman navy. These men had balls of steel or were very desperate, probably both.

[Mind Crimes]

Khmelnytsky would make a great leader for Ukraine in a Civilization game, and the Cossacks could be their special Medieval unit.

[Filip]

in the game they would surely lose.

[AjitaDas399]

yes and russias special unit should be drunk rapist whos only skill is terrorizing civilians

[ⰄⰀⰆⰠⰁⰑⰃ ⰂⰡⰎⰅⰔ]

Yeah. Unfortunately, they've made the Cossacks a special unit for f-ing russia

[LithuaniaPower]

Absoutely amazing episode!

[Phiusmes]

Lithuanians are the noblest nation in the world (I'm not a Lithuanian)

[PS-pl]

Lithuanians are so powerful that their entire culture was Slavic for hundreds of years.

[Chlopakzpolski]

Kmielnicky tried the 4 way - the independent way and we know how it ended. That time Ukraine had only 3 options, Sultan, Tzar, or PLC king. So claiming PL conquered Ukraine is stupid, it was matter of survive for ukrainian culture, language and tradions (Moscow already took care of ukrainain religion) to stick as close as possible to the most democratic country that time.

[Yereke Bake]

The Ukrainian Cossacks inspired from Turkic nomadic military democracy. South and East Ukraine was inhabited by Turkic tribes such as Turks, Pechenegs, Kumans. Cossack, Ataman - Turkic words. Legendary founder of Cossacks - Mamay was a Turk.

[Yereke Bake]

@Saashen Flux It is a Ukrainian folk hero, which was popular among the Ukrainian Cossacks of 17th century. Obviously, it appeared earlier, obviously it needs time to spread among people as oral sayings. The cossack Organisation is a Turkic way of Organisation of society. Therefore the organisational vocabulary is originated from Turkic language. It means the Cossacks were Turkic at its foundation or at least mixed (Turko-slavic) society.

[Saashen Flux]

Mamay wasn't a legendary founder of Cossacks. It was a picture of a Cossack that appeared in the 17th century. Also, the first enemy of Cossacks was Crimea, so it is hard to believe that there was a Tatar who created Cossacks to fight against Tatars. But a true thing that there were Tatars among Cossacks.

[Ancient Sites Girl]

Cossacks were a valuable army in the service of Poland in the times of its strength. Unfortunately, in the middle of the 17th century, when the Commonwealth weakened, the Cossacks were played by Russia and Turkey ... to the loss of Poland😥

[Paul]

If only the Poles, Cossacks and Russia had united against the Ottomans and Tatars, instead of fighting eachother!! 😭😭

[Caesar]

@Imamiablo Dude, video clearly shows only Cossack's point of view lmao serfdom in commonwealth was literally 1% bad things compared what will happen with cossacks after they go under Russian "protection". Also video doesn't explain that today's ukrainians dont have anything in common with cossacks, why? Because they were all expeled from these territories by Catherine II, replaced by northern ruthenian/russian peasants.

[Imamiablo]

@Caesar they were literally people who fled the serfdom. It does not seem you even tried watching this video, not even mentioning any historical knowledge. Be kind and watch the video first or get out with you ungrounded laughable hypotheses.

[Caesar]

@Imamiablo Cossacks were literally thiefs and murdereres renegates from Commonwealth, why would they be treated better?

[Imamiablo]

Cossacs wanted freedom or equality. Were Polish not trying to be masters, but allies, things would have gone much smoother, just like nowadays. It was a great error in such approach. But, as a Ukrainian, I am glad that today we finally have peace and friendship with Poland and with Lithuanians.

[Dumbledalf]

I just wanted to underline that the biggest magnates in Commonwealth were not polish but ukrainian, byelorussian or lithuanian origin (Wiśniowieccy, Radziwiłłowie etc.), and it is not true, that ukrainian peasents were under polish magnates, because in the reality they were ukrainian magnates, who just accepted polish culture. Furthermore, they very often ruled polish colonizers who arrived from greater poland or mazovia.

[Beny Nukem]

@Saashen Flux national liberation? 😆 It was private vendetta. Worse part is that it eventually ended up with subjecting zaporoian sith to Kremlin. Starting centuries of real slavery.

[Saashen Flux]

Well, the national liberation war of Khmelnytskiy started with the Polish aristocracy killing his son, stealing his wife, and robbing his state. There's part of the truth in your words, but not all

[xglaca69x]

@Beny Nukem Polish nobility called themselves a nation.

[Beny Nukem]

@xglaca69x there was not a thing like "Ukrainians" at the time. Nationalism was not born jet in the form we know today. What you describe often as Poles (thinking in modern day national identity terms) should be rather named as people of the Polish king.

[Andrzej]

@xglaca69x does Ukrainians speak one language or got one religion ?

[Minoru]

As always great movie has interesting points. From the Far East, I have a faint hope a movie about early days of samurai as frontier hunting peasant like Cossacks in this video. Even though they hadn't been Christians, democratic, and above all many are wary of them.

[Crush42 Mash]

Thank you for doing this, my grandfather was a Cossack in the Ukraine

[Ravan]

It should be noted that attempts were made to make the Cossacks a third partner in the union along the Polish crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania but as Ukraine was overtaken by Russia it didn't come to be.

[Kosta S.]

Unpopular opinion but that is bullshit. Cossacks and Orthodoxy were strongly related to each other. A Cossack state under a catholic ruler was impossible. That’s why Khmelitkzky fought in the first place as he identified himself as the direct descent of orthodox Kiewan Rus. Poles and Cossacks were archenemies during that time, there is no way of denying that.

[Ryszard Nowak]

not was overtaken, they wanted to join grand duchy of Moscow after Chmielnicki who take offense at Polish crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, becouse of his personal enemy Daniel Czapliński and lack of protection/justice from Polish Crown; after his uprising he was afraid of his life so he convinced Cossaks that under protection of Moscow they are going to have better life... and now we know how it ended.....

[Michael Salmon]

i believe at least one group of cossacks allied with the russians against the poles, the zaporizhians i believe

[Artur M.]

I suspect (and hope) it will be covered in a future video.

[TheOwlX7_Alex]

Hetman Ivan Vygovsky who fought against muscovites (the next hetman after Khmel) turned to Poles to sign nice agreement to end conflict between us, but despite initial agreement being okayish (it was very good except that polish kings should have appointed next hetmans and that the hetman status should've been perpetuate. This two things were against cossack democratic traditions, it would've been better that we elect hetman and then king appoints him or refuses to do so), so, despite initial agreement being understandable, Polish Seym approved version without any autonomy ( We were only fighting muscovites

[Bob Kramer]

Moral of the story is don't mess with the Cossacks

[Sword waker of the north star]

The history of the people who always fight against overwhelming odds and emerge victorious.

[Shaun Stakiw]

I think my dad's ancestors were Cossacks. Family comes from the neighborhood, loves horses, doesn't lock his door, black hair at 84.

[Phiusmes]

sounds like a cossack

[Undervibes]

So you're telling me Mandalorians were straight up just space cossacks?

[Anton Som]

and in "Dune" settlements called "sietches", its how cossack's settlements were called: "sitch"

[Kings and Generals]

Good comparison, didn't think of it.

[Jimmy Conway]

Asked Been waiting for a Cossack video! Be awesome if you could do a series on them. My grandma family were Cossacks! 💕

[Michael Mazowiecki]

The Cossacks were essentially the free men living in a "Wild West" in Poland's Ukrainian wild East, beyond and outside the Law in the "dzikie pola" or wild fields. They were self-governing freebooters, outlaws, bandits, renegade landowners in territory loosely claimed by Poland, Ottoman Turkey and the Tatar or Mongolian Golden Horde. They were a regional elite , socially well above the peasantry and heavily militarised. Poland employed them as a well armed self defense border control militia.

[Ivan]

Truely exellent. I love history delivered in this unique way. I'm looking forward to the next video.

[stacey 11:11rh222]

This one was really cool. Helps to understand the roots. Great work!!

[LLlap]

Hetman was adopted from german Hauptmann meaning captain. Nalivaiko can be translated as a 'pourer' as in 'pour me another drink'. Hetman Nalivaiko was basically Captain Drink.

[Alek Shukhevych]

@taxsi Yes, Ottaman, the poster above is talking about Hetman.

[taxsi]

no ataman is a Turkic word which has the meaning of leader.

[Windy Gomes]

Wonderful presentation and explanation. I knew none of this. Thank you!

[Пан Коцький]

Very happy to see the video about that part of my Motherland's history. Thanks

[Sven Nielsen]

As far as I can tell this is a fair presentation. There are elements missing, but in general and for beginners it can hardly be done better.

[David R. Lentz]

This is as complex, intricate, and intriguing as any novels of JRR Tolkien, Robert Jordan, David Eddings, George R.R. Martin, David R Lentz, or a dozen others!

[Inner dinosaur]

Slava cosaks ! Slava Ukraini !🇺🇦🦖🌻🚜✊

[Anya Skirko]

Well, that explains why Bosnian language sounds close to Ukrainian. Moscowia couldn’t manage to reach descendants of Crimea tatars there and kill then like they did in Crimea. Though Serbia did manage:(

[Jack Ruddock]

Have you thought of doing a series on the English civil wars at some point?

[The Awesome Man]

@Kings and Generals please make a video on the Anglo-Zulu war.

[Jack Ruddock]

@Kings and Generals good to know 👍

[Kings and Generals]

Yep, it is in the works

[Manuel Apollo]

This Ukrainian serie is so interesting, great job. And happy statehood day to all the Ukrainians, you couldn't choose a better day to release this video!

[Manuel Apollo]

@- Apex - yes, it's the first time. The day was chosen because on the 28th of July 988AD the Kievan Rus officially converted to Christianity

[- Apex -]

Yes! Being American myself, I wasn't completely familiar with Ukrainian Origins. I love this series and can't wait to see how it unfolds! I was super glad to see a 2nd video in the series today. And that there will probably be more to come. 😁👍 I had to look up Statehood Day, proposed by President Zelensky, this is the first year it's a public holiday? That's pretty cool too. 👍

[Manuel Apollo]

@Darko Gabric every country in the world then is a fake country. Even yours was made up at a certain point. Now Ukraine exists and kicks the ass of Russia

[Darko Gabric]

What statehood western propagandist? Fake country created by Germans 100 years ago!

[MrLambadus]

Great video, but the treaty of Zboriv did not grant Ukraine full independence. It was rather a very large autonomy. Also, the war resumed only a year later, but I respect the decision to end with a cliffhanger:)

[MrLambadus]

@Saashen Flux I guess you can if: - Other countries recognize it as such - The local population recognizes it as such - If they rebel you send in army and put them down (and they tried that 8 times before Khmelnytsky) - You have indirect military presence (registered cossacks) and some direct one too in the northern part (such as the Kudak fortress) Yes, central nor provincial authorities didn't really "control" what happened internally in this area but mind it was scarcely populated, even many of the Cossacks returned to the northern cities during winter. Also - the Polish colonization of some safer parts of the region was underway and with it some of the Cossack freedoms were curtailed, thus the rebellions continued to happen.

[Saashen Flux]

As well as Poland-Lithuania didn't control the lands of Zaporizhzhia at all. So the map where they were under Poles is not accurate. I mean, how can you claim it's your land if you do not control it?

[John Galt]

Yes, the Cossacks were a multi-ethnic group. Ioan Nicoară Potcoavă, the first elected zaporozhye hatman was vlach (later taking the throne of Moldavia).

[Paweł Zieliński]

Just a smal note in Polish history Jadwiga is not queen she is titled king. I understand that in translation some meanings may be lost but in "polish" logic queen is strictly wife of king

[xomm]

Usually in English the distinction is made with Queen regnant (ruler in her own right) vs Queen consort (wife of king).

[Olskndr]

great one, but I believe Hetman and Otaman is not the same thing. Otaman means a leader and Hetman is a Supreme Leader, so Hetman is in charge of all Cossacs and multiple Otamans can serve under his command.

[ChillDude]

Hetman(s) is/are the military commander-general(s) of the armies of Poland and Lithuania in the Commonwealth. 😉

[Akhtem E.]

Ataman is arguably a Crimean Tatar term that derives from ancient Turkic languages. In modern Crimean Tatar, the word ataman breaks down into 'ata' - forefather/ancestor, 'man' - I am. 'Man' is a possessive affix in Crimean Tatar. Ataman literally means I am your forefather. That has more weight than Supreme Leader, by and large! History can fool ya, what do you think of that?

[TheOwlX7_Alex]

@Technocratos Ataman of the Zaporizhzhian Sich, Nakazny (Order) Ataman of the campaign, and the Hetman of the whole Army of the Zaporizhzhya. Hetman appointed his administration and was the Chairman of the Supreme Court, while atamans appointed their Sich or campaign administration. Regional community was administered by the Colonel and local -- by the Centurion (for cossack things) and the Elder (for civil things) or the City Council. All of those were elected

[Technocratos]

Hetman is a Zaporozhian adaptation of word Ataman.

[nisigate]

Am loving the spirit of the Cossacks ❤

[Sto_Karfi!]

The cossacks made Ukrane as much as Gypsies come from Egypt(they originate from India).

[Ryszard Wojciechowicz]

I recommend a movie "ogniem i mieczem" its about the subject and I loved it pretty much

[John Labus]

Thank you for this history. I am both ethnically Polish and Ruthenian (as well as Croat), and this is fascinating.

[Iaroslav Vasyliv]

As you noticed, the biggest problem for Ukraine as democratic state was, that it was always surrounded by empires…

[Vlad Fedorov]

Thank you for this video. Very good explained. Finally I can hear my history in English, for people all over the world.

[Outrageous Sapper]

Yes more early modern era history!

[Hayha]

Can you do a video about the Battle of Anoual? during the Moroccan indipendency battles, 3000 rifians defeated 20k spaniards killing almost 14k of them

[Robert M.]

Just another great video, as always!

[Kamil Zarański]

Thanks guys for a great piece about a part of my heritage! One note, the city on the west to Lviv is called Przemysl not Przemsyl

[tk tilk]

@Kings&Generals, wow, didn't really think you would make video about Cossack's era of Rus-Ukraine, thanks a lot

[Nathan Pangilinan]

This video makes me interested in seeing a video on the Deluge as a whole.

[EpicRat88]

The battle of Zborowiec was unresolved, this was not a cossack victory.

[Т1000 Youtube]

Sincere thanks for bringing this part of our history to light. 🇺🇦❤

[Ken Keil]

AfterBabel,families of Tubal and Magog bottlenecked between the Black and Caspian Sea.In ancient Assyrian and Babylonian histories these two were always mentioned together.Later on north shores of the Black Sea they were called MAGOGITES.Tubal is referenced today as the city of T,blisicapital of Georgia,is named after him.Also ,the River Tobal ,and Russian city of Tobalsk Carrie’s his name.After Alexander conquered the word many ancient names were given Greek names.MAGOGITES became Sythians Many old Scots and Irish trace their ancestors to the Sythians..The word Scott May have come from Sythians.

[Creed Ness]

Love seeing Circassia on the maps

[Subhabrata Seal]

Beautiful representation of a complex history. 👏👏👏

[kurtcsk]

When you cover Ukraine in the 20th Century, please don't forget about the history of Subcarpathian Ruthenia, how it became part of Czechoslovakia and how Stalin stole it for the USSR. Thanks

[AnteQ]

Principality of Halych was inherited by Casimir the Third of Poland, it wasnt occupied by force. The King of Poland and the Ruthenian Duke had an agreement in which whoever dies first without an heir gets all the titles of the other one.

[TNZ]

guys really good job, so cool illustrations and so easy well told history details

[Rob Babcock]

Great examination of a fascinating and volatile region!

[Andriy Baran]

Great work. I really enjoyed this documentary

[typim]

wow , that was interesting! and ended on the intriguing part. can't wait to see next episode.

[djm9276]

AMAZING !!! THANK YOU FOR THE GREAT LESSON OF HISTORY !!!

[Kerem Sayar]

cossack means horseman like kazakh in turkic. ataman/hetman means: leader who wields power in turkic.

[Vlad]

Maidan - a square where cosacs selected their hetman is also turk as many other words in our language.

[jajsjsaksks]

Türk değil bunlar polonyalı kaçak köleler

[Mark]

8:50 Hey guys, I have to point this one out: I doubt that they had rifles in this period, as those were a later invention. They would have used old gunpowder weapons which were available at the time.

[Anton Som]

Cossacks used arquebuses (15th century)

[Tom Riley]

The Battle/Campaign between Lithuania and the Golden horde would be interesting!

[The-Papist-Hooligan]

K&G always seems to put a bit of emphasis on the catholic church and its "crimes" when the church is no more guilty than any other organization or religion.

[Saashen Flux]

I suppose the video is explaining briefly the points why Ruthanians were unhappy with the Polish government. There are many more explanations of how Cossacks appeared, what they did, how they ruled, what their problems were with Poles, Tatars, Moskovites, etc. It is a composite phenomenon that will require more time to explain than 20 min.

[Michael Podgorski]

The Khmelnytsky revolt actually lasted until 1654, and in those years the polish crown forces gained major victories , for example at Berestechko in 1651, where the winged hussars had to charge almost 12 times into the cossack ranks. The rebels lost up to 40.000 men and this led to the Peace treaty of Bila Tserkva which was finally ratified in '54.

[Andrzej]

@Kosa yes, hw was, because the Cossacks was the outlaw free people of different PL Commonwealth ethnic roots, among them Polish, Lithuanian, Belarusian and Ruthenian one

[Michael Podgorski]

@ⰄⰀⰆⰠⰁⰑⰃ ⰂⰡⰎⰅⰔ The Commonwealth ceased to exist more than a hundred years later (the reason was not this particular revolt) , and the beginning of the Khm. Revolt marked the end of a long series of great Polish military victories, there were only a few exceptions after that, until the destruction of the Commonwealth in 1795 (like Berestechko, Khotyn, Vienna etc.)

[ⰄⰀⰆⰠⰁⰑⰃ ⰂⰡⰎⰅⰔ]

Yeah, that's why they have lost the most of Ukraine and eventually the PLC itself. Because of the major victories :)

[Hubert Sychterz]

Tak naprawdę, powstanie Chmielnickiego kończyła bitwa pod Podhajcami w 1667 i rozejm w Andruszowie.

[Hubert Sychterz]

@Misha Nie najechały Warszawy. Byłi w sojuszu z Szwedami. Ale nie byli w Warszawie.

[Vi Key]

Awesome video! Thank you! Looking forward to the next one

[JohnnyElRed]

It's funny when 3 powerful empires are disputing the control of a region... only for the guys to end up coming on top, being the ones they used as mercenaries. How many times has that occured in history? One would think they would have learned by that point.

[P.]

@stephen heath it began before, after they've lost the battle of Vienna in 1683 and later Carlowitz treaty. Also i'd like to remind you that during the great northern war ottomans won against russians in prut campaign. Moment where Russians became much stronger was in fact after 7 years war, as they gained a ton of exoerience, advanced military and enlraged their trooos numbers, where ottomans weren't doing anytihng for the most parts. However, the decline of emoire wasn't a single event but rather long process which could be even taken back to Lepanto when they've lost naval domination. Mind you that 1st regicide hapoend in 1620's and that later many sultans became incapacited by the court which often led to weak rulers - psychotic even, which makes problem for an absolute monarchy. Yet it would be a bit ahistorical to date the beggining of the decline at any of this date as the empire was still growing and expanding.

[stephen heath]

@P. The Ottoman decline began after the Great Northern War when The Russian Empire became the dominant Power from the Baltic to the Black Sea

[P.]

@william m. kydde well I knew all of that so that's kinda akward now. Since You've started from XVII century I'd add expansion into tunisia and Algiers to the west and yemen to the south and parts of iraq and Persia to the east. (Tho the last one only periodically) the sick man was ofc.. fighting but it was an empire that was deceising. In XVIII century they had some victories too for example famous Prout campaign. They were still considered serious threat to Russia, just not as big as in earlier century. In XIX century after napoleonic wars Tsardom was considered and pr9bably was in fact definetly stronger. Ottomans tried reforming im 1871 but it didn't work for the most parts and was bit too late. What made ottomans strong in XIV-XVI centurry was their biggest weakness - centralised state incapable of administring such big empire. Brilliant rulers like Suleyman Kanuni were able to overcome and reform partially the flawed system but weaklings like his son Selim and egoistic actions of Jannisaries and Sipahs doomed the country

[william m. kydde]

@adam poludniak And Russia moved them out of Ukraine or partly disbanded.

[william m. kydde]

@P. The Ottomans had their difficulties indeed. But in mid-17th century, they actually expanded to the North Shore of the Black Sea, so that for a short period that sea became the internal sea of their empire. Actually, that measure was taken to thwart the incessant ravages and pillaging of Tartar settlements by ... the Cossacks. :) Also in the 17th century, they besieged Vienna, but beaten back by Jan Sobieski. You could argue that after that defeat their expansion stopped. Still, at the end of the 17th c., Muscovy was unable to grab a single port on the Black Sea. In the 18th c., after a series of defeats by Russia, they lost the North, then gradually the Balcans, but in the 19th, helped by the British and French, still stayed afloat. So, "the sick man" was still kicking for a long while. The Russians had a very hard time liberating Bulgaria in the late 19th. And even in the WW1, they managed to beat the Brits at Gallipoli (sorry, that was already the new Republic, I think). That's quite a region, whose history has been belied in all directions for such a long time that it's hard to build a monolithic picture.