How to use le in Chinese (2): Where exactly in a sentence should you put le - Basic Chinese Grammar

[@ShuoshuoChinese]

CHECK THE ANSWERS HERE: jīn tiān wǒ qù (le) yí ge hěn yǒu míng de shū diàn 1. 今天我去(了)一个很有名的书店。 zuó tiān nǐ kàn (le) shén me diàn yǐng 2. 昨天你看(了)什么电影？ zhè bēi kā fēi wǒ fàng (le) táng (le), nǐ hē ba! 3. 这杯咖啡我放(了)糖(了)，你喝吧！ zǎo shàng wǒ qù gōng yuán pǎo bù (le) 4. 早上我去公园跑步(了)。 wǒ wàng (le) gào su tā (le) 5. 我忘(了)告诉他(了)。 wǒ shí suì de shí hòu jiù rèn shi tā (le) 6. 我十岁的时候就认识他(了)。

[@TheGretaoto]

我非常喜欢你的作业.

[@alikhalil9728]

I did not understand the 了in the fourth question.

[@tescoownbrandlit]

6. - I thought that would be present tense since 认识他 is ongoing relative to the past time period you're talking about. Can someone explain this one?

[@Graphite2983]

@@tescoownbrandlit Yeah, I agree with you. I thought it would be a trick question.

[@Graphite2983]

In number one, I was not sure if it was the action of going somewhere or if it was the bookstore, because either could have been plausible depending on the topic of the conversation. I understand number two. In number three, I have the same reasons as I mentioned about number one, so although it's still correct according to what you explained, the context is confusing. I can't completely understand number four. For number five, it would make sense if the person saying this sentence would have been asked if he did this particular action yet; I thought 了 would be only at the end because then, it would talk about the fact that they forgot to do something and not just vaguely focusing on the action. In number six, I'm sure you discussed this topic already: when there's a time indicator, the points of view in a conversation (or sentence) shift to that point in time. Therefore, in this sentence, I don't think there should be any 了。 I hope you take this comment positively instead of feeling berated! You might feel both either way, but I suggest more on the positive side. 多谢！

[@pedrobandeira4256]

after two years of chinese study I finally understood 了 position, thank you so much and keep doing amazing videos like that!

[@ShuoshuoChinese]

Glad to help!

[@midinette]

Oh my god! I have read so many articles and watched so many videos about the 了 and finally I get it thanks to your explanations! Got 5/6 with your test 😀😀😀Thank you, because in most video, people just tell about the uses of le (completion etc) but nothing about the place in the sentences! I couldn't understand why sometimes it was after the verb, sometimes after the object and in both cases expressed completion... Thank you so much, and thank you for your other videos, they are very good! 👌👌👍👍

[@ShuoshuoChinese]

谢谢你！Glad I could help!

[@TheGretaoto]

Me too!!!!!!

[@sasino]

This is hands down the best explanation I came across. Now I finally like 了 :D

[@JayTylerSKL]

best explanation … I have watched many videos on KZbin about where to put “le” and didn’t understand as clear as this video has explained … thanks

[@MK-sb3qi]

Hey guys, Ive been studying mandarin for many years and I finally came to understand how 了 is really used after watching a lot of Chinese dramas (Netflix,viki,kissasias) and listening to how it's used in real life convo by natives. This way you will not be translating and thinking the grammar in your head, but it will come naturally to you after some time =）说说，谢谢你的视频！很有帮助的！

[@kaaimochii]

OMG tomorrow I have very important chinese grammar exam and I finally understand it!!!! 感谢您！☺️💕

[@Tulengik]

Congrats! Have you passed the exam?

[@kaaimochii]

@@Tulengik yep ✌😉

[@Tulengik]

@@kaaimochii 嗬​，​太​好​了​！

[@Kswitch-li8yp]

Thank you for these videos, they are some of the best I’ve found for learning Chinese! If I might offer some help with pronouncing the word sixth, it might be easier to read it written as, “sicksth.” I hope that helps.

[@davidg2003]

对我来说，这真是理解怎样使用“了”顿悟的视频。尤其你说明的在中文的意思可以表示已经完成，过去，现在完成，以及将来完成。正如你所讲了，这跟英语迥然的不同。这很有帮助，辛苦你了！

[@wj11jam78]

I've been seriously interested in chinese for about a year now. I know some words very well, but my vocabulary is very small. Either way, this channel is really helping me in terms of grammar and overall concepts, so as my vocabulary slowly expands, I'm already able to use the words with fairly decent grammar. Well, decent grammar for a very novice beginner, anyway. I love this channel.

[@irakliichichua6932]

Excellent explanation! thank you! But regarding usage of two "了" there is one usage which, I think, was not covered by this video : 我学了两年汉语。means : I study Chinese for two years (action completed, I no longer study Chinese). But 我学了两年汉语了。means : I've been studying Chinese for two years. So the action has not been completed! Right? Or wrong? Please explain!

[@luciennibizi306]

Our teacher is gorgeous

[@billrogers5219]

"The revenge of English." I used to teach English to Chinese speakers, and when I wanted to drive them crazy I'd ask them to pronounce this fraction, 5/6, five sixths. If your language does not have such sounds, making the "ksths" sound at the end of "sixths" is a real challenge.

[@jasonabbott4623]

Wonderfully clear, thank you :) even after several years of learning Chinese, this wasn't 100% clear to me, but you're explanation has addressed a lot of my questions. I feel like a lot of teachers avoid these difficult questions, so it's great to see someone going into detail and explaining things clearly. Just on an English note, I would avoid saying "for god's sake, watch that video". Not for religious reasons - I'm not religious at all and I think even most religious people wouldn't have a problem with it - but it makes you sound angry. Like you've asked me to watch it several times and I keep refusing. Of course I'm not deeply offended by it and I understand it was a fun joke, but I was a little taken aback!

[@ShuoshuoChinese]

Thank you for telling me that!现在我知道了！

[@jasonabbott4623]

@@ShuoshuoChinese 不客氣 😊 Thank you for your hard work and detailed explanations

[@Passiony-r]

Sometimes I have to reiterate myself, say things a second time for people to understand me and my Chinese. That's okay to do. We just have to be a little more patient. 感谢您

[@TheGretaoto]

Wow Your videos are amazing! You are simply perfect! I have learned a lot in some minutes, more than the last months. I was always confused about the 了 position. Your videos are very unique. I also like the way you read or talk in Chinese, not too fast, not too slow. We can hear all the tones perfectly. I am your new subscriber!

[@victorb83_Mudvayne]

Gosh! I'd have been much happier if I'd watched this video before. I've been amazed since I've learned from this video! THX a lot!

[@Milperrimo]

😱😱我终于明白了怎么用“了”🙌🙌非常感谢！

[@Kotsuyosama]

I think the sentence will be better if you say 【我终于明白怎么用“了”了】or【我终于明白了应该怎么用“了”】😂

[@Milperrimo]

@@Kotsuyosama got it! 谢谢！

[@djbslectures]

1. A (mostly because of the yí ge, I am not super confident) 2. A. I feel more confident about that. 3. A & B I think... It all feels very subjective still

[@Miishachan]

This is a great ! i watched both of your videos 3 times and I think it's getting clearer in my head ! At least I understood the idea even if I am not sure completely how to use it (got 2 sentences wrong in the exercise...) Thank you so much your explanation are amazing !

[@TRUTHGOSPEL2023]

yessss... I agree with you... It's getting clearer and clearer 越来越清楚了……

[@pangsnc.7023]

It’s just amazing how you got so many questions that I’ve been curious for a while answered in your videos. Love your channel💕 感谢你！

[@mvdmusicvideostorefreshthe3224]

The last sentence actually had 3 Le's, and I understand that you were just dealing with the three types that you'd already mentioned, but trying to understand the Le at the end of it was tough, it wasn't a completed action, neither was it a change of state, but I think that I worked it out that it was emphasising that you didn't want to go to China again, it would have been good to mention that as well Shuo Shuo, but thanks for the videos, very informative.

[@alealexutza00]

You explain it all sooooooooo sooo well, thank youuuu

[@pavel.pantoja]

I have been looking a lot of videos and books, and here it is a better explanation about 了 usages and collocations。谢谢老师。

[@Maya-hf3zw]

I’ve watched so many Chinese videos teaching Chinese, but yours are the best by far! Especially for elementary and intermediate level learners:)

[@anastasiyapolyevyk9510]

Best explanation ever! Thank you very much

[@georgeofhamilton]

Your explanations are excellent.

[@bebu612]

谢谢老师给了很多具体的例子。我的答案都对了。我最近找到你的channel，对你视频的内容很感兴趣

[@victorb83_Mudvayne]

Wonderful. Those words have been worthwhile for sure. What's taken me so long to watch them?

[@mysterygirl8483]

Thank you so much for explaining this, it really helped me understand better!

[@martinhartecfc]

Can you explain why we don't use 了 with Wǒ qù nǐ jiā (我去你家 ) at 4:27? I think I understand why you don't use it with zhǎo nǐ (找你), since at the moment you saw the friend wasn't there, the looking for her was ongoing (not complete); however the going to her house must have been complete at that point, because you had to arrive at her house to see she wasn't there. The only thing I can think of is that perhaps the two verb phrases are somehow forming a unit (我去你家找你 ) in Chinese (unlike English where they are separate clauses) and that you don't use 了 with qù (去) because zhǎo (找) isn't complete. Is that right? If not, I would be grateful if you could explain it. Thank you in advance.

[@hibiki1129]

I think it's probably because in this sentence the time where it happened was already established when she said "你去哪里了？"

[@dyaabarkat1466]

awesome teacher. go ahead we wanna more lessons !

[@maomxesoax2471]

Your videos are a bit like watching Freddie Starr doing his Gene Vincent act....but I am enjoying learning from them , thanks.

[@gemmarawsthorne6231]

sixth😊 .... now I don't feel so bad when I try to get my chinese pronunciation right😘 Very helpful explanations, thankyou!

[@arinaramos9013]

Your videos are really helpful. Thanks a lot for explanations

[@jessicasmith5338]

This video has been super helpful! But I don't understand one thing... In your sentence “上个星期我去了中国了，所以这次我不想再去了“ I understand the first two 了s, but I don't understand why you have a 了 at the very end of the sentence. Thanks for your content!!

[@夏天天-k5b]

Just follow the first sentence, 去了 is 去了(中国)(了) #one 了 is enough

[@hibiki1129]

Change of state! "I don't want to go anymore" > 我不想去了

[@sai7548]

Great video about 了的用法！

[@demicastro5263]

jīn tiān wǒ qù (A) yí ge hěn yǒu míng de shū diàn (B) 1. 今天我去(了)一个很有名的书店(B)。 zuó tiān nǐ kàn (A) shén me diàn yǐng (B) 2. 昨天你看(了)什么电影(B)？ zhè bēi kā fēi wǒ fàng (A) táng (B), nǐ hē (C) ba! 3. 这杯咖啡我放(了)糖(了)，你喝(C)吧！ zǎo shàng wǒ qù (A) gōng yuán pǎo bù (B) 4. 早上我去(A)公园跑步(了)。 wǒ wàng (A) gào su tā (B) 5. 我忘(了)告诉他(了)。 wǒ shí suì de shí hòu jiù rèn shi (A) tā (B) 6. 我十岁的时候就认识(A)他(了)。

[@gehuali2441]

我学了三年的中文了。 Does this double 了 construction imply studies are ongoing, a continuation? 谢谢！

[@chimayoo5]

I really like your videos I taught in China for three years Spanish and English I can also speak some Thai and Cantonese maybe we can study together

[@danielnm5958]

谢啦，李老师！我爱你所有的课... 👏

[@ShuoshuoChinese]

哈哈！可是我不姓李😂

[@danielnm5958]

@@ShuoshuoChinese 哈哈，我错了！😅 我想谢老师，可是我写错了

[@laurakelly631]

thank you so much for this clear exlanation! Really helps! (btw, just want to et you know that the subtitles are obscurring the 3rd sentence on the screen Even if I enlarge the screen, text on the bottom is still obscurred)

[@MARamos-mq7xk]

Ms. Shuo, hi! Loved your 2 videos on use of 了. Crystal clear now. One note: at beginning of video # 2, you say: "For God's sake, review previous..." That idiom come across a bit too strong (indicates some anger). perhaps something like: "Please make sure you review video # 1" or: "If you haven't seen video # 1, you should it first before # 2." As for the ordinal numeral "6th," words ending in -X + th are tough ones to say. As a linguist, I suggest trying /sixt/ without /-th/, which is what you hear in everyday American English. Question: is it possible for you to develop a video for those of us English-speaking non-Chinese students to practice listening to, say, short slow speed Chinese paragraph, then somewhat faster, and finally normal spoken speed. (I did listen to your video re why non-Chinese students have difficulties comprehending normal spoken Chinese. Could part of the problem be that, say, in New York City's ChinaTowns, present day Chinese immigrants come from very different areas of the Chinese Mainland?) 非常非常感谢您。 Manny Ramos, Brooklyn New York

[@JimOverbeckgenius]

It's not proNOUNseeayshun, it's proNUNSiation in England. Glad to help!

[@Cynthia2421]

太谢谢您了

[@tatyanab.6797]

awesome, thank you! both videos are very useful

[@shevertons4602]

Could you please explain why sometimes it is pronounced le and sometimes liao?

[@ancaihong]

真的很感谢你！！！ 你解释的很清楚！！！

[@DeoksOn]

Brilliant explanation!

[@jeffh7620]

Excellent, thanks. Please make one like this for "呢"! I get what it means but often don't understand how natives use it. For example, in this video @04:33

[@Graphite2983]

One thing I read about 呢 is that it is used when you make a question that is related to the previous statement. For anyone who happens to be simultaneously learning Japanese, have studied Japanese, or know how to speak Japanese and are learning Mandarin, it's similar to んだ or んです。Correct me if I'm wrong with this usage, Japanese speakers.

[@Kotsuyosama]

@@Graphite2983 “吗” and “呢” are the question particles that put at the end of the sentence, you can see them as "か" in Japanese. The difference is, "吗" usually used in general questions, which the asker expects a yes/no answer. 问：你午饭吃了吗？Did you eat your lunch? 答：我吃了 Yes, I did.。"呢" is used in Wh-questions, such as "what什么，why为什么, when什么时候/何时, how怎么...". 问：你午饭吃了什么呢？What did you eat in your lunch? 答：我吃了汉堡 I ate hamburgers. “呢” can be omitted or replaced by other particles such as “啊”/“呀”：问：你午饭吃了什么（啊/呀/呢）？“呢” can also be used in an affirmative sentence, as you said the usage is similar to “…んです”. In some informal situation, add "呢" at the end of an affirmative sentence is similar to “...ですよ”/“...だよね” in Japanese. 今回のテストは本当に難しいだよね。这次考试还真挺难的呢。This exam is REALLY difficult.

[@chungchhen]

老师 , great explanation! I got a couple of mistakes though...more practice for me. 这个视频里老师穿 得很漂亮 .

[@ShuoshuoChinese]

谢谢你:)

[@songchanni]

it really helps me a lot thankyou so much 😍

[@nybble81]

I've watched this video several times, but I'm still confused about things I see in the textbooks:( for example, why it has to be 她感冒了,昨天我去看她了, but not 她感冒了,昨天我去看了她？clearly it's not the change of state, it's just a completed action - I went to her place and now I'm back. also I didn't do it randomly, but because she's sick. so I went specifically to check on her. wouldn't that mean that I have to emphasize "her"? is my reasoning wrong, or am I missing something here?🤔

[@xuexiyingyu]

最后我明白了！你的视频很容易理解。谢谢你! ^.^

[@madeline569]

@7:04 why is it meiyou lai instead of just mei lai? Would that be grammatically incorrect

[@madeline569]

P. S sixth is an awful word isn't it. Don't worry most native English people can't pronounce this either, I'm from Australia and hear "sifth" a lot. But if you wanted to practice, try just the transition from "x" to "th" and feel how your tongue moves through those positions repeat x-th slow at first until you get better at the transition then incorporate the beginning of the word starting slow then working up in speed "si-x-th" Good luck and thanks for all your hard work Shuo x

[@hibiki1129]

没有 = 没 They are basically the same thing

[@SrChatty]

Thank you so much for yet another enlightening grammar lesson! Just one question: Is the sentence final 了 dealt with in this video the same as the "change of state 了", or are they considered two different kind of 了's?

[@anczeliczka]

Different

[@candisjonn]

2了sounds like a past perfect tense in english. I had been to china

[@dovidmh9825]

Shuo Shou ... is that a guitar in the background?

[@theears995]

So why, in the sentence that I got on Duolingo, is 了here? 你看见我的照相机了吗 Why is 了 after 照相机? Is 了 indicating a *possible* change, like saying “have you possibly seen my camera somewhere?”

[@hibiki1129]

Not necessarily a change, but really just the normal perfective "Have you seen my camera?"

[@dianagabriela8574]

谢谢老师💛

[@dovidmh9825]

Can the two people who ‘Thumbs downed’ the video be able to tell me why they downed Shou Shuo? I’m just interested... what did you see that i missed?

[@isaiasramosgarcia9771]

the more chinese i learn the more convinced i am of its extreme dificulty

[@mvdmusicvideostorefreshthe3224]

Totally agree, I've studied Mandarin for many years now and written many notebooks full but sadly aspects like these don't make it any easier, I still don't fully understand what ShuoShuo means, I only got 2 right out of 6!!!

[@AnastasiaKhomenko]

I guessed almost all answers, except for the first, 'cause I haven't noticed that there was a description of the bookstore XD

[@mvdmusicvideostorefreshthe3224]

You've done really well, I only got 2 out of 6 right and I've watched both videos on Le

[@rabindra_kunwar]

1. 我昨作天去了买本书。 2。我作天去书店买了本书。 3。我作天去(书店买)买本书了。 4。我作天去(书店了)了买了本书了。where to us 了? 谢谢

[@andresilvadias9100]

For the last example in the video, why is there a "了" after "所以這次我不想再去"?

[@paloma8255]

I think it suggests the idea of "new situation". The subject of that sentence used to want to go there, but as he/she has gone there recently, now he/she doesn't feel like going there once more.

[@o7baj]

老师 I can not find the answers 😃

[@Aerikku]

Very clear thank you! ! Now i need to use it ''naturally'' while speaking haha another story

[@Anastasia_Clouds]

I thought I did get the point of the video but at the exercise time it all went wrong again. I don't understand anymore why do we put it where we do. Also why do we put 2 of le in 3 or 5? Its not like those sentences have any further comment that would justify the strengthening. Is it wrong to say wǒ wàng le gào su tā? Why? Don't we emphasize "I went RUNNING" in 4, so we have to put le in front of it? In 6, why don't we say wǒ rèn shi le tā, if it means the result of meeting someone new? The example with wedding was the same, "I married someone at that time"?

[@m_kaikat_m3709]

if I want to say “I started watching the serials ”，“我开始了看电视剧” or “我开始看了电视剧” where exactly should I put 了in this case?

[@jnpgn4039]

at the end

[@kevinpan5525]

我开始看电视剧了。✔

[@hilawrence2892]

Great video! Btw where are the answers?

[@MandarinLidiya]

老师，”我不想再去了“，这里”再...了“是固定搭配吗？

[@NgaBui-nc1fj]

Thank you for your useful lesson, Shuo❤❤ can u pin the answer on top, I can't find them

[@wassybaig]

他女儿今年二十岁了。这个句子里“了” 什么意思呢？

[@tatiana7335]

Unfortunately, I still don't get the meaning of two 了in one sentence😢😢((

[@dianagabriela8574]

Do we use 了 if we have 已经 in the sentence?

[@MH-pz8wf]

yes

[@ivansabev6372]

谢谢！请问你是什么省人？

[@remitto8367]

我买了那本书了 is the same as saying 我已经买了那本书 or not?

[@MH-pz8wf]

yes

[@夏天天-k5b]

已经like DO in the sentence

[@rabindra_kunwar]

老师我怎么联系你?

[@travishayes7961]

学霸！

[@bryanting3842]

As a malaysian chinese speaker, we do always use 了 in chinese but we pronounce it as liao instead of le 😂

[@aftokratory]

It's also pronounced like that in several other dialects of Mandarin in China.

[@mannaporanna2678]

@@aftokratory it's not a different dialect, it's a different grammar. You would say liao instead of le in different situations

[@aftokratory]

@@mannaporanna2678 No I'm from a city which speaks a dialect of Southwestern Mandarin and we say liao instead of le in all situations.

[@mannaporanna2678]

@@aftokratory oh, didn't know that. Interesting!

[@duck-headedllama9991]

I understood 5/6 but I'm having a hard time trying to figure out why number 5 uses two 了. 我忘了告诉他了。 It sounds to me something like "I totally forgot to tell him", "I really, really forgot to tell him" (followed by a sorry!, maybe). But it doesn't make much sense to me to say "I ALREADY forgot to tell him". It could make sense if the sentence was "I already forgot about him" (Maybe your ex-husband), to state clearly that you don't love him anymore (Pretty much like 我不爱他了.) My question for you: From a Chinese speaker's perspective, why does this sentence use 了 twice? 我忘了告诉他了。

[@ShuoshuoChinese]

Great question. There are two ways to say: 1）我忘了告诉他。 2）我忘了告诉他了。 I guess you understand the first one. The second sentence conveys extra information，“I forgot to tell him and it had bad influence” For example: 糟糕！今天8点开会，我忘了告诉他了！“ While the first sentence is more calm, like "对了，我忘了告诉你，昨天我买了一辆车。"

[@duck-headedllama9991]

@@ShuoshuoChinese Thanks for clarifying!

[@mvdmusicvideostorefreshthe3224]

@@ShuoshuoChinese I didn't get either, I read that as nothing was stressed, so no importance was attached to it and I put the Le at the end of the sentence, but of course Le at the end can also mean a change of situation, very confusing.

[@ancaihong]

上个星期我去了中国了，所以这次我不想再去了。 最后的（了）我不明白。。 这个 了 是属于 想 这个动词吗？ 还是它的意思是你的态度改变了？ 就是 情况出现了变化了。。 真的不理解。。 其他的好像都明白。 多谢

[@ShuoshuoChinese]

不想…了 = don’t want anymore.

[@ancaihong]

@@ShuoshuoChinese 嗯嗯，我懂啦，谢谢回复

[@chewychu5013]

我过去中国两次 我去了中国两次 这两句话有什么区别?

[@夏天天-k5b]

你第一句有问题，"过去"是一个phrase，you need to say我过去去了中国两次，but there are two 去 you can not lose anyone, so Chinese will change the sentence to avoid it, just say second one, no two same word together

[@Someone-lc6dc]

My Chinese friend said to me 锁了吧 suggesting that I lock my bike… No idea why she used 了 there… 😢

[@fiona-so8zj]

我有个问题 啊？ 怎么用 (能, 可以)？

[@MwSama]

可以 = can 能 = able。 I think you use 能 when u r able to do something, or someone is able to do something. Use 可以 when you can do something, but u don't have to. Im not sure, but this is wut i think

[@mannaporanna2678]

Sorry Shuo, but I somehow felt dizzy when seeing these 3 sentences 🤯🤭 头晕了

[@maruf-ne1nu]

Very good 👍👍👍. You are so beautiful 🌹

[@ShuoshuoChinese]

Thank you.

[@jonwharton6747]

1.去了 2.电影了 3.放了 4.去了跑步了 5.忘了 6认识了

[@莉莉-w2j]

今天我看了说说中文的视频 今天我看说说中文的视频了 今天我看了说说中文的视频了

[@nnthggg6028]

上个星期我去了中国了，所以这次我不想再去了。--> what does 了 mean here 所以这次我不想再去了?

[@YingTou1]

Anymore.

[@hibiki1129]

It's a change of state 我不想去 > I don't want to go 我不想去了 > I don't want to go anymore

[@andrefmartin]

There is a little joke: if you can't say/pronounce "6th", then change the arrival day to "7th" and all your problem is solved!

[@ShuoshuoChinese]

andrefmartin There you go!

[@smallguy38]

I didn't see your answers but according my Chinese wife I got 4 out of 6.

[@ShuoshuoChinese]

OMG I‘m so sorry, now I put the answers in the comment. But it's great you got 4 of them correct!

[@liamtolen4216]

for God's sake is unnecessary and can be culturally offensive, just an FYI into American English, Also when you say video, Vi is not pronounced Vee like in Chinese it is Vih you are a great teacher! xie xie!

[@reptarhouse]

泰国热死了

[@ronadami5747]

More confused than ever.

[@seth1455]

You are not on your own there

[@alitaryasa2211]

it is unbelievable that u still get trouble in saying some english words

[@lewessays]

It happens....even after 13years....it is a journey :D

[@seth1455]

I'm a native English speaker and there some words even I have trouble with. Shou's English is excellent, it doesn't matter if every word isn't perfect, we can still understand her.

[@ronadami5747]

Your face is soft. Your words are sharp and pointy but far from clear

[@YingTou1]

Gra-due-WEI-shun, si-chew-WEI-shun, etc. - not gra-due-EI-shun, si-chew-EI-shun. You're welcome.