White Holes Would Break the Universe, And Yet Science Says They Must Exist

We explore the curved regions of spacetime called white holes. Go to incogni.com/astrum to get an exclusive 60% off an annual Incogni plan.
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Credits:
Writer - David Shlivko
Editor - André Rodrigues
Narrator - Alex McColgan
References:
White Holes as Remnants: A Surprising Scenario for the End of a Black Hole, Eugenio Bianchi et al 2018 Class. Quantum Grav. 35 225003 (bit.ly/4auMYSQ)
How big is a black hole? Marios Christodoulou and Carlo Rovelli, Phys. Rev. D 91, 064046 - Published 20 March 2015 (bit.ly/43GPK59)
Spacetime and Geometry (textbook by Sean Carroll)

[@astrumspace]

What did you think about my new endroll for Patreon members? I think it definitely looks better than the old static text. If you want to be on the spaceship or twinkle as a star (while supporting the channel!), join my Patreon here: www.patreon.com/astrumspace Thanks Alex

[@Baldevi]

That was a great endroll, Alex!

[@timstone2813]

Also, your agreat orator.

[@timstone2813]

Did you remove my comment?

[@mequavis]

you really are a clickbait king aren't you!!!

[@hyperduality2838]

Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature. White holes are dual to black holes. Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality). Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry. White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent). Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter.

[@toospooky051]

I'm not a physicist, but the idea that the 'big bang' is the outflow of a black hole has been stuck in my head for years. The idea of matter/energy conversion taking place inside an event horizon; Hawking Radiation being an equivalent to gasses being expelled from the barrel of a gun (particles get sucked in, waste particles grt ejected; Honestly, I have never heard of cone theory but it makes perfect sense to me, and manages to put actual science terminology, and proven equations, to my wild spacetime theories.

[@adamh1228]

i think a lot of people have that idea bouncing around, it just seems so satisfying. maybe in another life ill be able to do the math to make sense of it.. but not this one!

[@bradleyfreeman9220]

I literally came to the comments to say this in a less elegant way.

[@hyperduality2838]

Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature. White holes are dual to black holes. Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality). Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry. White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent). Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter.

[@lostpianist]

Fractal physics

[@meacadwell]

You aren't the only one that has thought a white hole is the opposite end of a black hole. I've often wondered if the 'Hawking radiation' of a white hole isn't actually what we call dark matter or dark energy. Since we can't figure out how to make a white hole 'exist' it could also possibly be why we can't figure out dark energy/matter.

[@mediawolf1]

The one thing that's always been left out of discussions of white holes-until now-has been any theory of how they might be created. Something we do have for black holes. That always made them seem less connected to reality for me. So thank you for including a proposed mechanism by which they might come into existence.

[@hyperduality2838]

Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature. White holes are dual to black holes. Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality). Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry. White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent). Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. The big bang is a Janus point/hole (two faces = duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist. Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!

[@mediawolf1]

@@hyperduality2838 and yet, where is all the antimatter?

[@BDB78]

@@mediawolf1dude posted this same comment about 15 times throughout this thread. I wouldn’t pay him any mind.

[@fewwiggle]

"discussions of white holes-until now" Odd, every 'scientific' discussion of white holes that I have seen has speculated on their origin, and usually says black holes . . . .

[@juliavixen176]

White holes are one of what are called "vacuum solutions" to General Relativity. They require the white hole to be empty space in an empty universe and to have always existed eternally forever in the past... for no "reason", spacetime is just curved like that. There's a vacuum black hole with identical requirements, and these two vacuum solutions are the same equation with the time coordinate flipped between positive and negative. Real, physically existing, black holes don't exist forever in a vacuum, because they form from collapsing supernovae. A real black hole is full of neutrons, and didn't exist some amount of time in the past. (Also probably has angular momentum, and electric charge.) Real black holes are messy.

[@pimentel777]

The best way you can learn EN is watching things that you really like. Thank you very much!

[@MrTomservo85]

Not the kind of holes video I was planning on watching before bed, but I'm here for it

[@emceeboogieboots1608]

Not the kind of cones I have in mind either, but this is equally mind bending

[@NickAk44]

Holes, great movie to fall asleep to.

[@dianakarakushyan9840]

Just finished The White Holes by Carlo Rovelli a week ago and now watched this awesome video which expanded on the topic even more and made some things clearer for me! Thank you for making such a great content, been watching Astrum for many years now and subscribed to Patreon today😄

[@piotrlitwic5935]

Best explanation of Penrose Diagram I've ever heard! Thank you, kind sir!

[@steelgreyed]

I like to think of our present Universe as the remnants of a White Hole. Going from nothing to an expansive mass of space time and particles, from deep in our past, that we can never go back to nor find the center of, fits the bill nicely.

[@DawnChatman]

It's like a giant fractal if you think about all the other black holes, constantly collapsing down and creating more and more universes.

[@steelgreyed]

@@DawnChatman or going back to the one that made us, its a fun either or.

[@hyperduality2838]

Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature. White holes are dual to black holes. Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality). Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry. White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent). Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. The big bang is a Janus point/hole (two faces = duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist. Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!

[@juliavixen176]

The big bang happened at every location in space. Black/White holes happen at only one single location in space.

[@steelgreyed]

@@juliavixen176 We simply can not confirm that "space" existed before the Big Bang. :) It did happen everywhere at once the first time. It also nicely explains why everything didn't immediately collapse into a black hole upon creation if it was already a one way street.

[@disodosid]

i've been watching your videos for a while, but it was THIS video that convinced me to subscribe

[@ZeroAlligator]

Fantastic video as always, thank you ❤ Also, thank you for not burying the ad read in the middle, I don’t mind them, but having them as a trailer to the video is always preferable.

[@LuizHenriqueMiranda]

As someone who spends a good amount of the day exploring possibilities inside his ADHD brain, I screamed with joy at the end of the video when you spoke about the possibility that our universe might have begun from within a collapsing black hole. To me, the similarities between what existed before the big bang and what resides inside a black hole are so strikingly significant that I can't help but think they are the same thing.

[@IzzyHoP_]

I just suddenly started thinking of this also halfway through.. the more we kinda learn the more we realize we dont understand

[@SeekingTheLoveThatGodMeans7648]

This pre-primordial putative black hole, however, wouldn't have decayed in mass through emission of Hawking radiation -- would it? Following the theories here, I was puzzled where the energy that comes out of a putative white hole came from, if there's nothing but a Planck mass speck inside the black hole that preceded it. The story seems incomplete, or I'm not getting something.

[@juliavixen176]

The big bang happened at every location in space. Black/White holes happen at only one single location in space.

[@sprightlyrandom1550]

You’ll love to learn about cosmic natural selection. Basically each new black hole changes the constants of the new universe slightly and thus it produces universe with many black holes- one like ours

[@Unethical.Dodgson]

@@sprightlyrandom1550 What? That makes no logical sense and it's not even a theory.

[@crandonborth]

This is amazing… do more videos like this!!

[@benthejrporter]

So what is it?

[@mr.spatula4833]

I’ve never seen one before - no one has - but I’m guessing it’s a white hole.

[@TheWatcherxx99]

​@@mr.spatula4833A white hole?

[@Filthy-Rat__]

@@mr.spatula4833A white hole??

[@GrouchyHaggis]

a person of culture I see.

[@mr.spatula4833]

@@TheWatcherxx99 Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. A black hole sucks time and matter *out* of the universe. A white hole *returns* it.

[@aureliusmcnaughton6133]

Beautifully done Alex! So glad I sat through the math which you kept accessible. Wormholes and white holes and parallel universes oh my! Yes, more please!

[@EvelynLogan-od7zc]

Hello 👋

[@strontvlieg01]

Yes make that video please, I can’t wait to watch it already. 😊

[@GetitrightnowUBoob]

Really, really amazing stuff. I had to focus intently on not letting my brain break! Amazing presentation.

[@Anamnesia]

*_White Hole - Spewing Time - Engines Dead - Oxygen Supply Low_*

[@TheWatcherxx99]

Given that god is infinite....would you like a toasted teacake?

[@davespages]

So What is it?

[@DigitalDiabloUK]

@@davespages I've never seen one before -- no one has -- but I'm guessing it's a white hole.

[@Siege181]

So what is it?

[@Siege181]

Only joking 😸

[@glenngutshall5507]

Perhaps white holes are simply the dark matter of other universes. The inverse of the inexorable collapse of the black hole becomes the inexorable expansion of the other. Becoming an infinite string of recursive collapse and expansion...

[@hyperduality2838]

Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature. White holes are dual to black holes. Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality). Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry. White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent). Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. The big bang is a Janus point/hole (two faces = duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist. Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!

[@BDB78]

@@hyperduality2838dude, how many time your gonna copy and paste this throughout the comments here. Jesus. Calm down.

[@RobinTheBot]

​@@BDB78 people will spend their entire lives trying anything to get their crazy physics fanfic published - except learn math hahaha

[@g37o]

My white whole exploded for a week after my trip to Mexico

[@alecklassen2737]

That’s a brown hole.

[@Shaun-rv7un]

Funny cos my black hole did the same after eating at el salvos 😂

[@jaymorse1417]

Bruh

[@miscella9193]

HA

[@tbxvividos]

10/10

[@wienwinsituation]

please more of this!

[@ralkyrie8799]

Thank you for covering this. I remembered studying it and read that it was first theorized In 1964 and as a young 90s baby and growing up. By 2008 I was obsessed with the concept of having a black hole consume everything and asked myself "there has to be a place it's discharging or renewing/transferring the energy" and that's when I stumbled upon white holes and have been obsessed ever since lol now mid 30s still have a strong believe these white holes and black holes connect with each other and if possible of some type of quantum defragmenting we could send a prototype through it and hopefully it would reconstruct, if the laws permit. Love the channel! Always appreciate the work you put in. 🙏💪

[@toospooky051]

The possibility of finding out what's going on in a black hole / white hole, honestly, can get me so excited that I can't sleep. And when I can't sleep, I try to reconcile every single PLAUSIBLE theory that has ever been suggested. It's insane to think we are staring at the answer to every equation in physics.

[@rwm1980]

I ve been obsessed with this for over 20 years the universe us a white whole each black hole is like a seed to a new universe where new time and space is created through big bangs/ whiteholes

[@Unethical.Dodgson]

"asked myself "there has to be a place it's discharging or renewing/transferring the energy" " Yes. They draw in matter around them... and they evaporate. And that's not just some crazy hypothesis. That's what actually happens to Black Holes. Amazing, ain't it? You don't need a white hole to explain the mechanics of a Black Hole. White Holes, if they exist, (which they most likely do not) are not likely to be the same phenomena as a Black Hole. In fact, though they are often linked to Black Holes -- they are only equivalent in that they are based on many assumptions. While the average person is convinced that they must exist. Most physicists don't believe in them at all.

[@toospooky051]

@@Unethical.Dodgson I'm quite happy to dismiss the light whole theory. I just want to know where all that s*** that's getting sucked into the black hole goes to? If Hawking Radiation is the only byproduct of a black hole, then I want to know that process. I mean the sci-fi side of my brain would be super psyched to have some kind of white hole or alternate dimensional theory get proven. But ultimately solving the mystery would be the most satisfying thing of all, regardless of the answer. Even if it's disappointing 😅

[@DawnChatman]

That was a fascinating topic/theory. I'd love to hear more.

[@blastypowpow]

YES YES YES PLEASE do a video about the big bounce or big contraction!! I’m obsessed with watching videos that touch on that theory!! Maybe you’ve already done it since I’m 3 weeks behind in content, but that’s how excited I’ll be whenever I see you’ve made it!! I just listened to an hour and 20 minute lecture from Cambridge University Astronomy’s KZbin channel called “Echoes of the Big Bang - Probing the beginnings of the cosmos” or something very similar. It was absolutely fascinating, though, I admit a bit went over my head. But that’s ok, I think I’m absorbing 85% of the content of that talk. I don’t have my HS diploma. I’m AuDHD as they call it, or, I have Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD. I am a late diagnosed female(just a couple of months ago at 44) and I fell through the cracks in school, and through the healthcare system(though protocols were *much* different when I was a kid), so I made it to half way through junior year because of the anxiety that went with it. I don’t have any self confidence, though I’ve been told I have a high IQ. I’m scared to take the GED test and get my HS equivalency. I’ve built it up to be this huge thing. It’s gotten in the way to progress for me. Is 85% good, or would I understand more if I had finished the last two semesters of HS? I often think about what it would be like to go to college and get some kind of space science degree. I’m good at math. I adore science. Anyway, I love hearing anyone talk about cyclical universe theory/the big contraction/loop quantum theory/the big bounce!! Do eeeeet! 😁😂

[@RaeHadzega]

As far as I know, when I took my GED, each subject had a total score of 800, and I needed 440 to pass. So long as you can read well, the only subject that could give you trouble would be the math. Refresh on high school math if that's a weak spot for you, and you should be just fine. Most of the other sections, like the science part, provide all the information you need to answer, so long as your reading comprehension is good. Judging by your writing, you'll be fine! And you can always try it again, if necessary. There might be a wait period for a retest but you wouldn't be banned from trying again.

[@Mortonbmx]

This dude has the best amicable difference of opinion arguments I've ever seen Kudos

[@captain_context9991]

Dude he is just semi-science literate and gets his "science facts" from skimming over other peoples space facts on science forums and such. Then he figures out some way to create controversy about it, and edits another space video recycling the same old random space footage. I can promise you... that if science would have confirmed the existance of "white holes", then THIS is not the first place you would have heard about it.

[@divat10]

@@captain_context9991 don't you have anything other to do than spread hate comments?

[@captain_context9991]

@@divat10 Uh.... Where is the hate? I know a great deal of things on this, and these are not facts. Have I stepped on your american dream or something?

[@divat10]

@@captain_context9991 i am not american but ok. it may not be the the definition of hate but i have seen 3 comments of yours that is just discrediting the video's without an explanation exept for that this isn't proven jet. astrum is just explaining a theory. some people like theories instead of what we definitively know now. i understand that may be hard for you to understand but thats just it.

[@starshot5172]

​@@captain_context9991Just curious, what kind of work do you do?

[@robbierobinson8819]

As fascinating and beautifully presented as always. PLEASE do give us the follow up to this video. I need to watch this one again, stopping to internalise each piece of new information or new idea. There are some really mind-expanding ideas that can be generated.

[@CC4real]

OHMYGOD more of this yes please!

[@kaipueo20]

This video is wonderful! Please do another video continuing with this concept of black holes creating white holes that create universes!😊

[@tristramsnowdon5256]

If only traffic cones could become more difficult to produce and are phased out. I swear they are taking over in my location of space-time

[@sneak1677]

Oh man, unlucky. My area of space time hasn't seen a traffic cone for a while. Though my area of space time is quite small

[@RobinTheBot]

As long as we insist on cars and roads we insist on construction and traffic cones. More cars, more roads, more cones. Rail, however, can be fixed without any problem for you, and it lasts damn near forever.

[@binpersonal]

i love you astrum and i love all your videos, they make me see the world so differently

[@NintendoTransformer]

I love this channel and others like it so much. I really love astronomy, but I cannot have it as a career due to a learning disability. Channels like this help me learn about astronomy in a way I can understand, which I greatly appreciate!

[@FranOnTheEdge]

Oh YES! More about the big bounce/white hole idea, it sounds like such a relief from all the black hole destruction and universe expansion death ideas.

[@billthecat7536]

I was told there'd be no math. 😄 This is so far over my head, I am unable to express my ignorance of the subject. I bow to the people who can hold an intelligent discourse of the subject matter. 😵‍💫

[@EvelynLogan-od7zc]

Bill

[@v0idsrandomvideos834]

I would totally be interested in the future video mentioned at the end

[@JeffMoody]

As a photographer there's a time principal that any object can become "washed out" over too much time. If a black hole was observed over the duration of its existence, the collective Hawking radiation could technically be considered a white hole... when viewed along the "T" axis it would be a continuous emission of information until it is exhausted.

[@donaldduck830]

"The Builders of Roads" used a network of black holes to travel the universe. At least in the Perryverse. Nice to see decades old sci-fi see a revival.

[@EvelynLogan-od7zc]

Donald

[@Baldevi]

More Please!

[@TheSapier]

What an incredible video and incredible theories

[@SithBich]

Very well done presentation! That was pretty profound. The diagram you showed is known as the infinite knot. And surprisingly this symbol has been used as far back as the 14th century! They seemed to know of the multiverse even then and used the infinite knot symbol as the representation of it.

[@EvelynLogan-od7zc]

Hey I really like your profile picture and if you let me, I would make such an amazing mural out of it! If you don’t mind one of your post could be my inspiring muse for an art project i’m working on for a client. You will totally get paid for it as well as a bonus also get credits.

[@arch0196]

White holes are big bangs

[@Unmannedair]

Or little bangs

[@NullScar]

They are medium bangs.

[@hyperduality2838]

Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature. White holes are dual to black holes. Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality). Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry. White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent). Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. The big bang is a Janus point/hole (two faces = duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist. Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!

[@gd7561]

Keep 'em coming Astrum!!! Great stuff, as always!! Fascinating, thought-provoking videos!!!!

[@brown2889]

Well, Alex covered the Kerr-Penrose curfuffle very eloquently. Nice graphic to boot.👌 I wonder if the quasar SS 433’s particle acceleration so many light years away from it could possibly be quantum entangled in any way or if it is just the particles from its partner Star. Just curious.

[@Roguescienceguy]

Alex, let me just tell you that your contribution to bringing science to the masses is of such great importance. Thank you for all you do

[@EvelynLogan-od7zc]

Bert

[@alexcamacho1842]

Commenting before I watch the whole video; if white holes are the opposite of black holes, which possess crushing levels of gravity, would a white hole be the opposite, areas of antigravity, or places where space actively pushes or repulses matter and light?

[@heyspookyboogie644]

Idk about anti-gravity, they should repel matter/light in some way. Which is why I’ve always wondered if there’s a connection between dark energy and white holes.

[@hyperduality2838]

Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature. White holes are dual to black holes. Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality). Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry. White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent). Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. The big bang is a Janus point/hole (two faces = duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist. Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!

[@juliavixen176]

Imagine recording a video of a black hole, then play that video backwards and what you see is a white hole. They're not physically possible because the "white hole" is one of several "vacuum solutions" to general relativity which require empty space in an empty universe, and spacetime has been curved in this particular way eternally forever in the past for no reason. Physically real black holes are messy, forming from collapsing supernovae or neutron star collisions... And 1. Having stuff inside of them 2. Having a begining in the finite past, not existing before stars.

[@sneak1677]

I'm not sure about anti-gravity but if they exist as the end form of a black hole they likely have immense gravity that decays over time and with nothing able to enter I imagine it to be like a star where it's a giant ball of mass slowly growing until it stops. How this mass would become a whole universe would be an entirely new problem to solve

[@adenansu]

Cat: So what is it?!

[@Raincentral003]

I was hoping Dwarfer's were still around, thank you internet

[@shardsofcontent4829]

Well done. Compelling stuff! do The BIG Bounce.

[@pearlexportdrums]

A very interesting book about this subject matter is "Black holes, the key to understanding the universe" by Brian Cox and Jeff Forshaw. Just throwing it out there for people who are interested

[@valerune192]

What if the big bang was a white hole

[@Azarilh]

That was- what he was sayin in the video.

[@unusualbydefault]

Imagine the universe like a sea of foam bubbles, infinitely popping and creating new universes and spacetimes

[@MusicalRadiation]

This video made me think of that Tim & Eric sketch about The Universe, with all the diagrams and cones

[@wyndhamcoffman8961]

(Cat) So what is it?

[@EvelynLogan-od7zc]

Hello 👋

[@peterdefrankrijker]

I’ve never seen one before, no one has. But my guess is that it’s a white hole.

[@MyMomSaysImKeen]

I wonder what other holes there are on the chromatic spectrum. The quest to find the elusive brown holes continues!

[@RADFROOD25]

I wonder if a Uranus is a type of hole

[@colbyr7811]

I know of a pink hole, would you like to see it? It may have a little brown on it, as well

[@captain_context9991]

While that is definitely funny, there are no white holes.

[@overtoke]

@@RADFROOD25prolapsar? sorry ;)

[@steveDC51]

Plenty of assholes out there!

[@PaulHigginbothamSr]

I never considered an explanation like this to the quantum paradox. I figured it was one of those things humanity was unable to process correctly. Or it may, might be this explanation. I have often thought this material could seed spacetime without detonation, being not especially in contact with normal matter. Thinking of antimatter somehow places it in Saudi-Arabia, but that would just be my internal gears missing a shift.

[@wyvernscale9634]

I would absolutely love to hear about the big bounce theory!! Thats so cool, omg

[@c0rrupt3dsidd25]

I liked the other guys comment, as well as my own.

[@Qwertyuiop99833]

I liked your comment.

[@MarloSoBalJr]

Just so I can dumb it down for myself... there are only THREE things we can see from a black hole are: The singularity; the event horizon; and our perspective, BUT the fourth phase could be a parallel universe?

[@birbdad1842]

We cant "see" past anything but the event horizon. Thats why its a horizon.

[@finnthirud]

Yes, please, a video about the big bounce would be great.

[@toddbulky]

This is a fascinating subject, well presented and beautifully explained, as usual. It's highly likely that the physics us mere humans have concocted, in the very short time we've existed, to explain what we see around us is entirely wrong. And it's also likely that the parts we have correct are dismally incomplete. But that's what's so exciting about it all...since nobody can profess to know the answer to anything, there's always space for conjecture. And, in that, our understanding can evolve, much as we ourselves have evolved. Keep it up Alex - you are doing a sterling job indeed 👍

[@EvelynLogan-od7zc]

Tod

[@EricRandall-ko2xn]

These concepts not only fill me with awe and wonder but also extreme existential terror

[@whateverrandomnumber]

In my religion, we live in a white hole. And every black hole is a white hole, just seen from different angles. But we'll never find white holes, because we're on the wrong side to see it. We only see black holes. My religion is inspired in Black Hole Cosmology, and since it's mine, I believe in whatever I want.

[@whateverrandomnumber]

Oh, and in my religion, the background heat/noise is new matter entering our universe (i.e. matter being absorbed by a black hole in our "upper" universe, where we can't ever reach).

[@EvelynLogan-od7zc]

Hello 👋

[@ole9421]

Yes, more, please!

[@Brazen1234]

2:53. never in my 30 years have i seen this animation. its amazing. thats where the spin comes from?

[@SHUUuush1]

I liked my own comment

[@timstone2813]

I also liked your comment, plus my own.

[@RADFROOD25]

Gooooooooooood goooooood let the hate take control

[@RADFROOD25]

Your comment is what a comment should be pure and simple

[@ZackaryJoubert]

*If this isn’t pinned I will unsubscribe!!!*

[@ajaderabbit8399]

I liked your comment and mine

[@LukeBunyip]

Bouncy bouncy? YES PLEASE That was a wild ride Alex. Ta muchly, beer's in the fridge

[@toddkurzbard]

The very first time I ever heard the term "wormhole" was in 1979 from the scene in the first "Star Trek" film. It was a unknown and scary concept to me which I didn't comprehend. The first time I heard the term "Black Hole" was in the mid to late 1970's from the "Space: 199 episode, "Black Sun" (my favorite of the series along with the episode where aliens give the moon a temporary Earth-like atmosphere).

[@culturebreath369]

Beautiful ending to a beautiful video. ❤

[@Google_Does_Evil_Now]

The first time I saw a white hole exploding I was in my teens. Time slowed down for me at that moment. Gravity seemed heavier just after. For sure it was an event horizon.

[@vinniepeterss]

facinating indeed

[@rocinante4609]

Somehow I always thought that the big bang was a white hole connected to a black hole in a parallel universe. Sounds good to know that my hunch may actually be a real thing. Black holes, wormholes and white holes were dramatized at the end of the movie Interstellar. Cooper travels through the inner horizon and escapes through a white hole although thats not explicitly stated in the movie. I never bought it but still it's kinda cool !!

[@EvelynLogan-od7zc]

Hello 👋

[@brybelhig9743]

glad you did a vid on this. me and a friend wrote a paper on this subject a few years ago and its neat to see this idea getting around The paper focused more on the nature of the black holes interiors and logically refuted that relativity and conservation of energy would still exist within the event horizon. but what was really interesting was that the idea was later tested in a simulation. and it was found that relativity could work with a theoretical threshold. if the threshold was reached. it would reset. creating a pocket of spacetime that would expand faster then the speed of light so nothing can reach the edge. relative expansion and contraction of space occurs naturally with time dilation, what we see as the size of the black hole means nothing to how big the interior can be. the most interesting thing about this was the interior of this simulated black hole, ended up looking alot like what we thought the universe would look like at the big bang, where time bearly existed and thousand of lightyears of volume were created in what to us looked like a 10th of a second. which leads to a interesting and scary idea. what if our big bang was just another universes black hole, and were still in it.

[@chrismuratore4451]

Your final thought is what I believe the cosmological event horizon is. I think the "observable" universe is just that; the interior of a large black hole.

[@ldgilman]

Yes I would like to hear more about the Big Bounce!! 😁

[@deadscenedotcom]

Yes, keep going. Been surmising this in a conversation with a friend.

[@composerdoh]

That one path described @11:30 reminds me a little of the 1979 movie "The Black Hole"

[@taski1]

i remember a video from action lab showing how a white hole would act. Kinda explains why spacetime is expanding at an accelerated rate, doesn't it?

[@LaserFur]

I figure the Pauli exclusion principal would prevent the singularity being a point. It's still small, but not zero.

[@MayLina]

I don’t know why but the idea of the white holes excites me to my core! And the fact that Big Bang could’ve potentially been a white hole just gives me chills. This video is everything i ever needed so now i can show my friends why this topic has so much of my interest😁 Would love to see more!

[@EvelynLogan-od7zc]

Hey I really like your profile picture and if you let me, I would make such an amazing mural out of it! If you don’t mind one of your post could be my inspiring muse for an art project i’m working on for a client. You will totally get paid for it as well as a bonus also get credits.

[@MadScientist267]

I've long thought that the general cycle was pure energy in singularity, bang, entropy increases until only pure cold matter exists, at which point there will be nothing to counter gravity, it will all want to congeal, the big collapse begins, compressing it all again to the point the energy soup reforms into another singularity, and we do it all over again. This lines up great with that.

[@johnorfanos6287]

This is a concept that really interests me. For years I've thought about the idea that our universe could be the rememnants of a dead blackhole, or at least a blackhole that has lost enough mass through hawking radiation, that it can no longer sustain itself, releasing all of that potential energy and condensed matter in a a sort of a big bang. To take it a step further, blackholes could be universes in the making and that could explain the nature of parallel universes. It doesn't necessarily mean that a universe would be born within a universe from a white, due to the fact that the curvature of spacetime is so intense inside a black hole, that it could very well be flung into whatever fabric lays outside of our universe. Considering the time dilation, the creation of a new universe's coordinates could even be a point in time in the very far distant future. Awesome video, love this channel.

[@EvelynLogan-od7zc]

John

[@johnorfanos6287]

@@EvelynLogan-od7zc Evelyn 😉😅

[@iggyzorro2406]

I believe a contracting/expanding universe is a very valid hypothesis and would love to see more on that subject as well as more depth regarding loop quantum gravity. thanks.

[@hyperduality2838]

Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Singularities are dual, positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers, curvature. White holes are dual to black holes. Topological holes cannot be shrunk down to zero -- non null homotopic (duality). Points (singularities) are dual to lines -- the principal of duality in geometry. White holes are negative curvature singularities -- hyperbolic space (divergent). Convergent (black holes, syntropic) is dual to divergent (white hole, big bang, entropic). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. The big bang is a Janus point/hole (two faces = duality) -- Julian Barbour, physicist. Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!

[@cwwiss1]

This is the key along with light having non zero mass that will lead to a unified theory of everything. It will also explain 'spooky action at a distance '.

[@makeracistsafraidagain]

My favorite subject. Thank you, Sir.

[@EvelynLogan-od7zc]

Hey 😊

[@oldguyinstanton]

Yes, more, please.

[@M3PH11]

10:26 this sounds like the end of interstellar without the time travel stuff.

[@k0nanick]

the music at around 6.00 reminds me of the track by Vapourspace - Gravitational Arch Of Ten (1993)

[@EvelynLogan-od7zc]

Hello 👋

[@behavior852]

Good one.

[@julia-6195]

Of course we want to hear more.

[@EvelynLogan-od7zc]

Hey I really like your profile picture and if you let me, I would make such an amazing mural out of it! If you don’t mind one of your post could be my inspiring muse for an art project i’m working on for a client. You will totally get paid for it as well as a bonus also get credits.

[@felicityhart20]

The diagram didn't help my brain comprehend it even a little 😂

[@OpreanMircea]

The sponsored portion has a lower sound volume than the rest of the video, I like that, the video was great

[@bnjm8868]

To put it simply, black holes lead through wormholes to an extra dimensional mantle. Everything that enters, even light, is black or invisible. The mantle recycles and distributes the energy and particles that reach it. The energy and particles are then sent through quantum wormholes back into 4D space. Virtual particles is an example.

[@garymalone547]

Great channel. Even a dummy like me who struggled with calculus can grasp most of it.

[@franktothemax]

Gotta feel good knowing you inspired a 15m+ YT channel to expound on this idea with actual animations of what it would look like for the observer to fall into a spinning black hole 🤘🏻

[@mavelous1763]

I KNEW there was a reason why OREO’s were so good. My mouth is the Event Horizon & my belly…the singularity

[@ing.pagano]

Please follow up with a deeper dive on the singularity... I always thought it was the same as the event horizon, now I'm confused

[@onemoreguyonline7878]

Thanks! This was very enjoyable

[@colonialcharlie8702]

Great to see this finally talked about. Back in the early 2000s, Big Bang seemed like an odd place to claim the beginning. A more convenient explanation would involve a theory of elements/matter, and its origin and dispersal through a quantum foam of parallel universes. As areas of high pressure can breach into a lower pressure, this would naturally occur as mass came together through gravity and collapsed into a singularity. In one universe, an area of high pressure would be the blackhole, in the nearby (low pressure) universe, an area of dense material where stars form would be the inverse of this cone. If the conditions in these universes had led to different elements forming, then the earliest interactions with black and white holes would have involved basic elements. But as more volitale reactive elements get into the mix, perhaps backflow to previous universe becomes possible. If such an origin were possible, the big bang would be way, way down the line of mixed elements.

[@andrewreynolds912]

I hope they are possible to be made by people so we can maybe go to other universes like parallel or stuff like an alternative without time traveling infinitely forward if that could happen or for FTL travel, etc

[@grahamgreen641]

allways fun to watch

[@ZMAN_420]

Space is something else! 👍🏻

[@josephbenson6301]

Okay... so... right about 6:44 the statement is made that, essentially light from region 1 (our universe) cannot travel to region 3 (a parallel universe), but... If light goes into a black hole... and eventually spills outwards through a white hole - LONG time though it may be... isn't the light travelling between regions. (And, as I understand it, light doesn't "experience" time so...) Therefore, can't light just sort of burrow serpentine through the universes?

[@EvelynLogan-od7zc]

Joseph

[@NintendoHighSchool]

I remember first hearing about a White Hole in “So You Want to Be a Wizard”. His name was Fred and he was so so brave

[@roro-mm7cc]

I think it's good to remember that the "laws of physics" are really just a current best fit model. A human way of conceptualising so that we can make useful predictions, it would be quite grandiose to assume that our models and concepts like mathematics are in fact laws governing the universe. The universe is not really governed by mathematics - the equations we use to model the universe are governed by mathematics, a human construct. When we talk about spacetime being curved or black holes having a particular geometry, we are using mathematical concepts as metaphors to help visualise and reason about the phenomena - this is wonderful for making accurate predictions, but one has to be careful not to reify the metaphor i.e use mathematical extrapolations as evidence. A prediction of an impossible object is probably more likely to be evidence of a flaw in our model, than the existence of the impossible object.