Tyler Hamilton: I believe motors are being used in cycling

[@roadracer1584]

I prefer EPO and steroids to motors.

[@sevenrats]

This is definitely worse than the drugs. At least with the drugs it's still your own power. This is just throwing any fairplay out the window.

[@tylerdowling]

Maybe we’ll be seeing riders hoist up sails in the future like pirates.

[@sasquatchrosefarts]

Nascar. Formula one. WWE. Welcome to cycling. Promote the racer who grows the most market share. As long as a rider can ride hard for six hours, they can add the motor and have racers collude to control the outcome.

[@bstiehl]

What if you charged the batteries with your own power ahead of time? I assume the batteries are also charged on the fly by regenerative breaking? How is this any different than blood doping? Both are ways to store energy from your own body for future use/abuse.

[@johnpontes812]

I agree its rediculous then not a sport at all

[@af4od02]

I have recently returned to cycling for exercise. I have been amazed at all the electric motor bikes blowing past me on the bike ways. Older adults pedaling at a cadence of maybe 30 rpm. It can be embarrassing. But, I’m going to try to hook up with some of these cyclist and use them for motor pacing!

[@LVQ-so5th]

Too many are using them in centuries and gran fondos, which ruins these events for those who enjoy the competitive aspect of these rides. Motorized bikes shouldn't be allowed in timed events.

[@stevenleslie8557]

The technology is there but I understand the cycling authorities have already dealt with this issue and have ways to detect a heat signature. One way to tackle it is by having the winners yield up their bikes for closer inspection.

[@mgoo1713]

They x-ray the frames......

[@ReVoltaire]

They have set up a system of checks but the real sticky wicket is when the bike they started out with has a "mechanical" and a new one off the team car appears for a challenging part of a stage.

[@FIGNAS83]

Just come in 2nd or 3rd consistently and still make big bucks 😁

[@daedalron]

@@mgoo1713 No they don't x-ray the frames. They only use a system to check if there is a ferrous part in the bike (which would reveal a motor in the carbon chassis of the bike). But the latest motors are hidden in the rear wheel, and cannot be seen by the detector because they are hidden by the pinion. Check this: kzbin.info/www/bejne/oHPbl4SAhK19rsU&ab_channel=Francetvsport

[@kelainefes]

@@daedalron where would the batteries go?

[@ThuTroothHurtz]

First of all stop calling it "mechanical doping" or "motor doping" Just say that riders in the Tour De France are CHEATING and using motorized bicycles. Bicycle Racing has become a complete joke.

[@tylerdowling]

I won the Tour de France myself a few years back. Used a rental car.

[@jeremythompson1215]

The tour e france

[@benedictearlson9044]

Doping is cheating so the two are interchangeable.

[@squirrelpatrick3670]

er, doping with testosterone / EPO / blood transfusions / steroids is also cheating...

[@ronr6450]

I was dropped this weekend by an overweight middle aged guy on an ebike. I was out of the saddle on climbs trying to catch him. He never changed his cadence, even on the steeps, never out of the saddle, and I never caught him.

[@dunnotck1]

That's happened to me too haha

[@danfuerthgillis4483]

Sucks man have had a few battles with some 500 watt motors fatboy ebikes. The dude riding it must of thought I was nuts outpacing his motor, his bike was motor pedal assisted so he was still peddling but very slowly as the motor was doing most of the work. That was a hell of 10 km race, it took so much energy to keep up dude to the head winds.

[@TheSolidheroes]

Exactly right,if you watch videos of Cancellara in a climb he is in the saddle too,this is something which is impossible to do without mechanical doping(motorized bike) according to professional bikers.

[@danfuerthgillis4483]

@@TheSolidheroes Yep, I am just a weekend rider so just a silly amateur riding along but I do like to challenge those ebikes. Anything over 250 watts will be a challenge specially with head winds. The case for Cancellera riding up a massive hill while sitting down and a cadence that matches an electric assisted motor was very suspicious. The dude swaps his bike 4 times in a 100 km course, and there are many videos of him accelerating past the peleton like a machine. Basically in those speed attacks it can only be done on a time trial bike to reach those speeds that quickly. Without a doubt that there are motors being used as even some amateur riders in Italy have been caught using them.

[@uberkloden]

@@TheSolidheroes Prove Cancellera did motorized doping.

[@nschulz5698]

battery transfusions are coming

[@daedalron]

First hidden motor was made in 1998. The engineer never revealed to who he had sold it, but well... We all know who began to be invincible right after that time...

[@mikekrelik4980]

Interesting. It's not like he'd cheat, right??

[@TheSolidheroes]

Yippy -Ka -Yeey! Lance jumped right on it and no one knew untill now.Thats the real fakenews dudes like Lance Armstrong.

[@frederic6998]

I dont think that Lance used motors. He was just full on dopping. Now batteries and motors are very efficient and small but 10 or even 22 years ago they were not. They didn't even had those fat carbon frames to hide them.

[@TheSolidheroes]

@@frederic6998 Hi friend,in 1998 an engineer succeeded in putting an elektromotor inside a bikeframe and sold his invention to an unknown buyer-We all know who miraculously won 7 TDF's since then. Also you should wonder why they came up with fat carbon frames all of a sudden?Maybe to hide bigger batteries? lol Also French tour officials watched his accellerations and knew that the speeds he developed were impossible to achieve without cheating(humanly impossible).

[@sasquatchrosefarts]

@@frederic6998 doping doesn't work. Lots of lab studies show it doesn't work.what works are electric motors. Risers dope because they are stupid. They use electric motors because it is WWE and nascar and formula one , combined into one.

[@ia5662]

hey Tadej, how's your motor bro?

[@jamesangus8504]

I am so surprised at commenters saying Tyler Hamilton is a liar. He told the truth when asked, despite then usual threats and denials from the disgusting Lance Armstrong. Why is ‘Lance’, and I noticed that the interviewer used his first name, still being asked anything?

[@uberkloden]

Tylers a doper, busted, many times, 3 that I know of.

[@benedictearlson9044]

He lied and lied and lied and only told the truth when in a court and faced with a prison sentence.

[@mattfoley6082]

"Motor doping" is such a stupid phrase.

[@ciarandevaney385]

It's not a stupid phrase.

[@mattfoley6082]

@@ciarandevaney385 It's a stupid phrase.

[@ciarandevaney385]

@@mattfoley6082 👈👊 you're stupid.

[@mattfoley6082]

@@ciarandevaney385 If you knew what "doping" is you'd realize how stupid "motor doping" is.

[@GeoffreyGonzales]

mechanical doping

[@recyclespinning9839]

Cycling a great way to get out tour , socialize , not pollute. They take all the fun out of it. I did road racing when younger. What a suffer fest. I still have a Casati steel bike >> fast bike . I now ride these vintage mountain bikes as commuter/ trail , very comfortable and fun. What's the use of being the champ if you are a druggie or cheating with the motor your a chump

[@mrtoad1408]

Finally somebody with some sense of what real competition is about! So many people still celebrate Lances wins by saying "everyone was doping". Cycling has for so long been brought into disrepute by inherent cheating.

[@recyclespinning9839]

@@mrtoad1408 a buddy of mine who cycles is of the mind frame that even if he does dope , he was still the best because they all do it so they all had the same advantage. I recently have thought not necessarily so. It could be that maybe certain people have a more positive result from doping . So if you want to say he the champ, more accurate would be the best result and fastest from the combination of ability and doping. When you think about it I dont have any in depth knowledge, I raced a bit when younger and I thought how the heck can you do a tour de France where you doing over 100 kilometers ,, get up and race the next day again. ? I think the team does in fact protect the main guy and let him enjoy all the benefits of the drafting. I watched an interview with Greg Lemond and he did confirm that they are at a great advantage when they are drafting and the energy they save. . Grueling sport either way I guess..

[@kasimsultonfan]

Correct. The elite professional game disappeared over the horizon of lies years ago. An entire industry of cheating and deception runs parallel to it and always will. A shame.

[@brucegelman5582]

All it takes is your team race director telling you everyones doing it and everyone will do it.

[@dtrain5519]

Any Time theres big money involved ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN.😉

[@Stevejabbber]

Good point sir

[@oreocarlton3343]

Cancellara?

[@danfuerthgillis4483]

Oreo Carlton lmfao first name on any "Motor in Bicycle"

[@FrittenFriseurLPs]

HOW CAN YOU SAY .... Well, yes :D

[@tomr164]

No. Look at some youtube videos where they've compared the timings on the muur of several riders; Cancellara's time wasn't the fastest by quite a margin.

[@daedalron]

Armstrong probably, Cancellara and Froome are clear suspects.

[@frankraucci9110]

Another team said they heard an unusual cadence or clicking sound coming from Pogacar’s bike. Jealousy? Vindictive? Or was it real? His bike was supposedly checked and cleared. But it does plant a seed of doubt.

[@sasquatchrosefarts]

50,000 inspections and zero positives. It's all rigged. It's controlled to let the rider win who most impacts sales. Pogacar is the furthest east rider on a world level. He opens new markets. Just like lance did with his comeback story. It's all rigged. It's WWE

[@4g0tten4]

Remember the Babylon Bee article about the motorcyclist who identified as a bicyclist and won the Tour de France. Once again the satirical Babylon Bee has shown we live in a world which is so crazy it cannot be satirized.

[@rickstokes2239]

FYI - They were all doping. There’s a reason that the wins taken away weren’t given to the next cyclist down the line.

[@fredlast4547]

Don't really see it myself. Where would the power source be? I think it would be obvious and easily found out.

[@dustinodunne3572]

Lithium ion batteries They're tiny nowadays, and yield a lot of power for their size A lot of times, the 2nd water bottle is used to house the power source

[@TheSolidheroes]

Greg lemond is selling his e-bike motorized race bike you can see him demonstrating how the battery is tucked away in a water bidon that is plaxced into its usual holder(which has hidden contact points in it) on the bike.When the battery is low you replace it by throwing it away and placing a new bidon/battery. Its even possible to mask the real content of the bidon by having the top compartiment of the bottle/bidon filled with water.The actual motor is fitted into the vertical frame where the saddle is placed on top. It's a hollow tube and the motor plus rotating shaft is placed into this hollow frame.

[@billdang3953]

@@dustinodunne3572 Wouldn't it be funny if somebody's battery pack caught on fire during a race like what sometimes happens to battery electric vehicles.

[@richardupyurass2379]

A top level pro only needs a 3% boost to make a huge difference over a 40K TT

[@sasquatchrosefarts]

Lance had big tubes on his time trial bikes. He could have hundreds of extra watts. For an hour or more.

[@sasquatchrosefarts]

Lance had big tubes on his tt bike. He could have had 100 watts for an hour or more. Watching him pass ullrich like he was standing still was obvious. Maybe lance was faster, but not like that 😂😂😂😂😂

[@gabrielforero9007]

@@sasquatchrosefarts Ullrich went through the t mobile team car while training the day before the tour and was sore from the crash during the TT.

[@ethiopianeyes]

Bottom bracket motors are like 20years old or more they just didnt know riders were cheating till years later. .

[@michaellittlewood3032]

I had a fat child drop me yesterday on an ebike(motorcycle)..... I give up....

[@estebanwinsmore3567]

I try to put it into a different perspective. The fat people on ebike's and scooters are the ones who have given up.

[@estebanwinsmore3567]

I try to put it into a different perspective. The fat people on ebike's and scooters are the ones who have given up.

[@hughdepaor]

Off The Ball, good to see interest in cycling but can we get some coverage on actual cycling. Like Eddie Dunbar interview for example..

[@BobbyL80123]

As a mechanical engineer, it's super easy to put small motors to help pedal. yeesh. are you kidding me?

[@Joopsmann]

I wouldn’t think it would be too difficult to detect a motor.

[@arleygomez465]

Tyler Hamilton blatantly would have motor doped if he had the chance.

[@ceb11even56]

Arley Gomez hell yeah, with a broken collarbone,

[@SpaceCadet4Jesus]

Every top end bike comes with a hidden mini Lance Armstrong in the downtube. And you wondered why they're so expensive. Edit: And that's why sometimes there's a undertube opening, it's not for tools, it's so you can feed him.

[@dr.merlot1532]

If you ain't cheeting, you ain't trying - Fabian Cancellara.

[@richardelliott8352]

fair competition is a moral issue, and will spill over into other areas of your life , preventing any grace of living.

[@JUANGARCIA-se4dm]

Aun no están preparados para decir la verdad sobre el uso de motores eléctricos en sus bicicletas. Obviamente lance y algunos gregarios de su equipo los usaban.

[@cypriano8763]

its funny how doping i tolerate because it what pros do to be pro, but a motor, i just cant do it. thats where i draw the line. thing is tho, how long does the battery last. if its 30mins and you have to carry that extra weight all day.?? maybe thats why there was so many bike changes from 2013 to 2017. its kinda sad really

[@adamsmithintin2803]

Nobody believes what he is saying here. Obviously he would do it if he was using blood transfusions, his reaction makes me think he has actually used motors.

[@joec.8716]

No, this things aren't quite comparable

[@TheSolidheroes]

Hamilton became a professional cyclist in 1995 with the US Postal Service cycling team. He was a teammate of Lance Armstrong during the 1999, 2000 and 2001 Tours de France, He must have known about it because I'm sure Armstrong was allready using a motorized bike back then. The first motor small enough to be hidden in a race bicycle was made in 1998 so there you go.

[@sasquatchrosefarts]

Lance was the first riser using big tube carbon bicycles in time trials ....... Big tubes for big batteries.

[@li0scc0]

@@sasquatchrosefarts Actually he was one of the last. Armstrong was a traditionalist - standard headset, no sloping top tubes, tubulars, etc.

[@sasquatchrosefarts]

@@li0scc0 are you stupid? The first electric eraser, made by dremel, hit market in 1932. You could easily put lead acid battery cells in a lugged steel bike frame because you don't have to get the tubes particularly hot....... And small motors could easily be configured into the design of the rear hub. This has been happening for a hundred years. You're just late to the party.

[@55Reever]

Call NASCAR to inspect the top placing bikes. They would take a reciprocating saw and start cutting.

[@siulong1394]

I bought his book for my father

[@donzidavinchi4252]

Congradulations

[@ia5662]

insightful book - I like Tyler, always have

[@JohnMFlores]

This video must pop every July...

[@andrewsandoz8005]

Interesting topic. There is some damning evidence of big time riders using electric motors to provide that extra push. It's well known that bicycle racing has a history that is riff with cheating. Is this the next level?

[@clovergrass9439]

*rife

[@anthonysears871]

They are all cheats. Face it.

[@Baltimoreborn]

The masters group ride here in Las Vegas is filled with 60 year old guys with motorized bicycles testosterones human growth hormone some even go the route of EPO just to be king of the group ride I loved this sport and now I freaking despise it

[@ChrisCapoccia]

the problem is not where to put the motor, but where to put the battery. If you ever see a rider with a special "water bottle" they never get rid of on a climb or be the only rider in the peleton with an enormous saddle bag, then maybe

[@scottpadbury5370]

They put a battery in the seat stay or frame along with the motor. When there is a will there is a way.

[@ChrisCapoccia]

Only product publicly on the market is vivax. It has a rather large Lithium ion battery that either goes in an enormous saddle bag or a fake water bottle. Whole kit weighs nearly 2kg and only provides 1hr of power

[@scottpadbury5370]

No, google mechanical doping it has been done.

[@ChrisCapoccia]

Best thing I found by googling was Contador on motors in bikes: "My bike doesn't have three motors, it has five! The whole thing about motors is a joke, it comes from the world of science fiction… The changes depend on how the stage unfolds, we can use different type of tubulars, bearings or even stiffer wheels. These are solutions that over 30-40km can give a slight advantage. It’s got nothing to do with motors… I don't think changing equipment, as happens in motorbike or car racing, is bad thing for cycling. In fact, I think it's a good thing."

[@Rowgue51]

You're not talking about needing a battery of a size that would be necessary to self propel you for an entire stage. You just need enough power to assist the rider for brief stints at critical times. And what you could find as far as products publicly on the market with a google search is beyond pointless. These guys are riding bikes worth more than most people's cars. They aren't limited by what's available to the public. They can and do contract manufacturers to produce gear specifically for them.

[@55Reever]

How low society has gone, no pride or self respect. You win but you know you cheated, where is the satisfaction in that.

[@davidkennedy4845]

No honour in cheating of any type in any sport.

[@charliebabbitt3314]

Tyler Hamilton just unwittingly proves that blood doping/epo wasn't that big a deal and using a motor is something he wouldn't do cuz on a different level...Reason is cuz everyone was doing it and it wasn't a big deal and if u chose not to then u may as well pack ur bags and go home cuz u were not gonna be able to compete, just the plain ole facts

[@wvu05]

Every doper of all time uses the "it's not a big deal" defense. If you watch the _30 for 30_ on the 1988 Olympic 100m called 9.79*, you will hear similar arguments. However, two of the eight in the final were clean (Calvin Smith and Robson da Silva). Ben Johnson to this day insists that because the two runners behind him were also dirty that he should have been allowed to keep his gold medal. Besides that, a) different people respond to PED in different ways, so it's not a "level playing field," and b) the fact that he admitted that he was conflicted about using motors says that there are degrees, and that was one that he may not have been comfortable with.

[@charliebabbitt3314]

wvu05 Lance is an absolute stud. Look was he an absolute jerk, of course but I’m sorry you don’t win 7 straight tdf on just more red blood cells alone. Dude busted his tail n is one of those freak athletes. Y didn’t the tdf give it to the runner up or the nxt or the nxt cuz they were all juicing.

[@wvu05]

@@charliebabbitt3314 He did not win the Tour de France. When your victory is vacated, that means that you did not win. Therefore, Greg Lemond is the only American to win the title. Asteriskstrong had the most sophisticated doping regime, and he had the UCI in his pocket to the point that he got them to look the other way after two positive tests. I don't care if Christophe Basson was the only clean rider during that era, anything done with PED is tainted. You don't go from DNF three times and 36th the other time to suddenly owning the yellow jersey on talent.

[@charliebabbitt3314]

wvu05 I bet you ask the other participants who won they’d tell you. Really don’t care whatever some fat white guy behind a desk says. Their opinion is all I care about soooo..... U actually think Lemond was clean? Dude was also juicing, I’ve watched many experts say if they won they were on something....

[@charliebabbitt3314]

wvu05 So some day white guy says Reggie Bush didn’t win the Heisman then I guess, according to ur logic, he’ wasn’t the best player in football. Well that white guy just said it so it must b true. Stop

[@derekbiggerstaff]

Like Trek TdF 2018, stage 8.

Lance, our doped up rider beat the world's doped up riders. Restore Lance's wins.

[@Aanonymous88]

I believe Hamilton because if you imagine yourself using the motor and the situations goes bonkers that's much embarrassing really with that wheel keep spinning with no rider on it.

[@jeanmariebasset2544]

On veut éradiquer le dopage mécanique?contrôle systématique des vélos après chaque course mais avant d'en arriver là,de l'eau coulera sous les ponts

[@cursivespeaking]

Additionally, I read cyclists used fishing lines tied to support vehicles back in the day

[@janveit2226]

We should stop paying attention to all those characters like Armstrong, Hamilton, Landis. It feels the same as a murderer finds Jesus while on the death row, and starts preaching …….

[@johndirom8999]

Such a crappy and inapt simile; nobody was killed, they cheated to win cycling races; hyperbole should be your middle name.

[@Cloudminster]

It’s a fact, but you have to admire the engineering in these down tube pinion motors! Direct drive to the crank. Cool stuff.

[@MrHopeTelevision]

The guy on the right neither has of a face nor a voice for radio

[@fumanpoo4725]

Dopeman, dopeman...

[@JustAThought155]

WHATTTTT???? This is ridiculous! So, none of the cycling races are winnable without some type of physical manipulation. Could we suggest new races be designed to fit the competitors, especially those who prefer to challenge their bodies?

[@sasquatchrosefarts]

Yes, it's called running. You do it on two feet. And no mechanical doping. Pharma doping doesn't even work.

[@nealm6764]

Pogacar

[@T59-j7k]

Lance!! Really who cares what he has to say. That’s like asking Nixon about election fraud

[@danfuerthgillis4483]

One name “Fabian Cancelera” That sums it all lol

[@johnpontes812]

Everyone is talkin about ebikes and motors in the frame. What about a totally different kind of motor it could be in the hub of the wheel a small state of the art millitary grade electric dyno. They have heat cameras you say,well the bikes have disk brakes that get very hot close to the hub. Wheel swaps are done in seconds and easily if they gonna check, this is about money and these racing teams and sponsors mean business not to mention the betting. I hope its not happening but one never knows.

[@deathkampdrone]

Alrighty, Ty. If you say so. Any news about that foetus living inside of you, or was that just an old belief you had in the past?

[@shom5261]

昔はあんなに素敵だったのに・・・タイラーもランスも人を貶めることでお金を稼いでいる感があってものすごくがっかり。

[@StarfieldRailway]

Cheating takes the fun out of "winning."

[@nittos49perciste2]

Tell that to Bjarne Riis ,Lance ,pantani, merxc, ulrich, indurain,vanderbruck and on and on 😁

[@StarfieldRailway]

@@nittos49perciste2, all right.

[@jbratt]

It would take the fun out but not the money.

[@hailthehamster]

I find it odd that Tyler seems to be passing moralistic judgement on cheating with a motor. He was filled to the gills with drugs and his own blood, but a motor? Don’t be daft! For a man that starved himself, just to ride his bike a bit faster up a hill, in a heartbeat he would have had that motor connected to the mains on a 200km lead.

[@user-zx1ir7jt4c]

David I don't think he's passing judgement...

[@mulinanr]

He is not passing judgement. I also can understand what he means, unlike you perhaps. You know, he loves rideing. You put a motor on the back, it becomes a little mopet. It loses the essence of biking, doping gives you the opportunity to bike better, longer, faster but it doesn't take away the fact that it is you who is putting in the effort. No drug alone will make you better but every motor will.

[@michaelhanley2578]

It’s one thing doping but it still requires 100% human effort in training and in racing albeit your recovery is aided but the amount of hours cycling on the bike is the same motordoping takes the human element out of racing therefor it is worse

[@wvu05]

His point is that is a whole other level. I have condemned Asteriskstrong and so many others, but even I can see that there are levels of cheating.

[@johndirom8999]

Not passing judgement, just giving an honest opinion. Strangely, in his mind, even though he was doping, it was still his own physical body that was producing the watts to cycle. Having a motor do it might not be acceptable to an athlete like him. Having said that, if everyone was doing it, who knows?

[@johnnunn8688]

Well, Tyler, isn’t using EPO a bit like having an extra motor?

[@Castle743]

Drug doping and mechanical motor used of course Always dirty cheats in the sport

[@unsplash146]

Roglič, Froome, Pogaçar, to name a few

[@bartpickford1836]

I guess you can't call it a motorbike 😅

[@MilesCobbett]

Frighing cheaters ruining our sport!

[@ITsupportian]

Everyone motodope... and then you say.. too soon junior... he wasted your battery

[@Dravhs]

Noise....

[@rexmundi273]

Cancellara.

[@UraStr]

how about that he was right

[@marlonhernandez706]

I watch cycling for entertainment only because I know the champs are always cheating somehow.

[@ocwest5911]

So anybody now can be a competitive cyclist lol.

[@sevenrats]

No. You would still have to be pretty good.

[@sasquatchrosefarts]

Anyone can be pro. A not talented rider who races full time can be a cat 2. Add a motor and they are a good pro.

[@FDonovan1979]

Spoof

[@rickyhuff]

The sound the gears make is not silent. Even just a 100 watt motor would produce an audible whine.

[@allenwells33]

I have a 1000 wt motor that is silent

[@rickyhuff]

@@allenwells33 Is it in a road racing bike?

[@allenwells33]

rickyhuff Montague Paratrooper

[@BungHoleCamper]

Can't possibly be drugs so it must be motors; Eh, Tyler????

[@guillaumefloatin91]

liar !!

[@boomshine7]

why dont they ride 5km / h faster than, this is all nonsense

[@greenpedal370]

You've missed the point. That would be too obvious. The aim is to give the rider "an edge", nothing more

[@boomshine7]

yea sure so if you can go faster to win a race u be like : 'well let me just finish 7th so its not too obvious' LUL

[@greenpedal370]

Like I said You've missed the point. It's all about subtleties

[@BEEBEE159]

@@@greenpedal370 These lame brains don't get it. When they think of an electric motor on a bike, they think of an e-bike that normal people ride. Yeah, like their going to just motor to the Tour de France finish line, without pedaling. I'm exagerating a little; but that's what these idiots are basically thinking. However, as you said, it's not like that at all. The motor is just enough to give them an advantage over other riders. In fact, I'm guessing that, due to the short battery life, the motor is only used when it is absolutely needed.

[@fellow026]

What the others have said, but also think of it like this - you could go the same speed as everyone else for a time, while giving your legs a break.