I'm about to lose it over Mack-adonian... come on man, common vernacular

She sounds like a cunt! Hard pass

Asha logos has some great Alexander The Great content. Lots of lies surrounding that character. God forbid we have an actual hero, of course they have to make him a sissy on the mainstream stage.

Got about 18 minutes in. Sorry but when you talk about President's Bush and Obama being peaceful President's to trust with missles and warn about them in Trumps hands...... ya lose me bud. No more endless wars!

That quote from the soldier’s final letter (Original letter at 50:00) is a knife to the heart. 😢

Do I only remember his mention of Alexander and Phillip II from previous episodes or did he have a devoted one?

I remember when this lady went on JRE and said they used handicapped children in the area 51 crashes 🛸👩‍🦽

Theo Von and Trump brought me here

I have been informally studying Japanese history for about seven years now, and this podcast provides a magnificent perspective to understand post Shogun Japanese culture. Thank you!

Tyson is a perfect example of weight training be harmful. His time inside he got huge, and was never the same.

Mssp brought me here😅

Wonderful channel,best thing that has come from the Americas . If I had a child I’d add this to his/hers curriculum.

I check every day for updates on anything he's releasing. Even Common Sense, lol. Looking forward to the next release.

You ever sea videos of the North Sea? Say whatever else you want about the Vikings, but it is undeniable that they had huge nads.

These podcasts are about as depressing as the Hu destroy the world issues .

Who posts things about wanting to destroy the world?

Max just shows CIA headquarters is in Hollywood 😅

3:06:10

I just relistened to this 2 years later. Still fascinating. The two engines that won the war were the Merlin/Packard -Merlin used in the Spitfires and P51s and the Wright Cyclone 2800 used in the Republic Thunderbolt, Corsair and F6F Hellcat. The 2800 eventually produced more power than any other engine until the 3350 used in the B29. As far as tanks, the Sherman could be mass produced quickly and its weight and size were purposely limited so they could be shipped in mass numbers across the Atlantic. I wish Dan would do more in person podcasts. He has that perfect radio voice since Rush Limbaugh.

Anyone else watch the news today?

This is one of the worst comments sections I've ever seen, So hateful it boggles the mind how people can be so heartless

Reverse the idea for the black panther jury… What would the person be called?

Shoutout the dawgs MSSP

Where my Dawgs at?

Disgusting. Fuck you, Dan.

2 35 29

My 4th time enjoying this masterpiece.

Contrary to popular belief, sexual licentiousness was frowned upon in Ancient Greece, including homosexuality. Greeks including Alexander thought homosexuality mean. The ancient Greeks valued chastity and worshiped virgin goddesses like Athena and Artemis, and so did Alexander. His teachers Aristotle taught him so, as taught by Plato and Socrates, both of whom demeaned homosexuality, especially Plato. It’s a stereo type that ancients were libertines. Quite the opposite they were very conservative by our standards. Modern myth projected backwards. True there is no word for homosexual in Greek. The reason is they used the word Κίναιδος meaning a lewd person. Κίναιδοι is the word I see for homosexuals in Greek meaning roughly “damned.” G.Liddell and R.Scott Greek-English lexicon: page 951: Κίναιδεία: unnatural lust, Aeschin. I. 131 , Demetr. Eloc. 97 Κίναιδεύομαι: to be Κίναιδος Κίναιδος: lewd person. Out of 80,000 pottery pieces discovered in Attica, only 600-not even 1% might represent homosexuality (many just siding between men and women-wishful thinking since it’s not clear, and really 30 could be said to be really gay, but that’s also up for debate since they involve no humans like satyrs, who were considered by Pliny the Elder as wild, horrible, hideous, perverted tricksters. Not exactly a tolerant accepting attitude (most satyrs preferred women anyway). Only .000275% show actual homosexual scenes. Lyrical poetry, myths, inscriptions, medical texts, philosophical treaties, speeches, inscriptions, tragedies, comedies, curses, and anecdotes where homosexuality is ignored or condemned. ZEUS AND SHAME When Zeus created men, he put in them every moral quality, but forgot to put Shame. He couldn’t find where he should introduce her from, so, he ordered her to get in through the anus. She objected, at first, and became resentful. As she went on disagreeing, she said: “I won’t agree, unless I have the right to get out, if someone else gets in, after me, through the same passage". After that, everyone who prostitutes oneself is considered shameless. Aesopus, Proverbia 2nd version: “(...) Love should not get in through the same passage." That means that those who thus express such love are shameless. The word for gay in Ancient Greece was essentially “damned”. This word’s meaning is clearly insulting and highly disapproving of those having made this particular choice. In modern Greek it could be accurately translated as “damned”. Homosexual in ancient Greek is equivalent to “damned” in modern. To eliminate any doubt, I quote the most authoritative Greek English Lexicon by H.G.Liddell and R.Scott in page 951: Ktvaideia: unnatural lust, Aeschin. I. 131, Demetr. Eloc. 97 Kiv«i6ex'o^«i: to be xivaifto? kivaif)o§: lewd person. In ancient Greece, on the contrary, language showed the greatest possible accuracy. Epictetus used to say: “Inquiry about words is the first step to cleverness”. There is nothing fortuitous in this language, and in this case it takes a clear and particularly negative position. Plutarch, Vitae parallelae, Lycurgus XVII, 4: "Lovers took part in the boys’ good or bad repute. It is said that when, once, a boy shouted improperly during the combat, the authorities punished his lover for that. So, this kind of love was approved and honourable. Women were encouraged to love virgins, but there was no rivalry in such relationships. On the contrary, lovers of the same boy found to this a motive to become friends and work together to bring the loved boy to moral perfection.” “So every woman of Sparta used to think and speak as Gorgo, Leonidas' wife, is said to have done. When a stranger woman told her "only you, women of Lacedaemon, rule your husbands", she replied "this is because only women of Lacedaemon give birth to real men”. That is the true extent of Spartan women’s esteem for their husbands. Plutarch, who is, by the way, the main source of those who write about homosexuality, also makes clear that: "The aim was to love the moral and intellectual self of earnest boys and, when a man was accused of approaching them with lust, he was deprived of civic rights for life.” (Aaxe6. ’Emti|6. 7,237c). And Maximus Tyrius confirms this testimony in his work Lectures (20.8de): “A man of Sparta loves a boy, but he loves it the way many people love and admire a beautiful statue. But sensual pleasure coming from lust is prohibited among them.” Finally let us see what Aelianus says about Sparta in his work Varia Historia III, 12: “Spartan love had nothing base because neither the boy dared to accept lewdness, nor the lover dared to be lewd, since it was no good for any of them to dishonour Sparta. If this ever happened they were either exiled or, what was worse, killed.” Such extensive quoting may be wearisome to some, but such testimonies are more important than any personal views. And it has to be said that the preserved ancient texts represent no more than 3% of ancient Greek literature. Those who chose which texts were to be saved and which to be burned were people interested in tarnishing the ancient world, since they were lighting against it. We must not forget that the major part of these priceless treasures which were not left to perish were preserved by monks in monasteries in the first centuries of the Christian era. People were obliged by the laws of the first emperors to hand over whatever text they may had n their possession for this selection to be made. Penalties for those who did not follow the laws were virulent, ranging from confiscation of their fortune and exile to tortures and execution. Edits of this kind were issued by emperors such as Theodosius (the unjustifiably called Great), Areadius, Justinianus and others. It is, in my opinion, completely documented that, in contrast to the later development of Christianity, when Orthodoxy rose as a prodigious union of the two Worlds, there was a huge conflict between Christianity and ancient Greek legacy during the first centuries of our era. The so called Greek Fathers of the Christian church were, certainly, remarkable scholars capable of studying thoroughly the Greek texts, but the general tendency, serving of course the dominating ideology, was to portray the former world as sunk in vice and corruption, a world awaiting for the new message: Christianity. So, it would be a rather valid hypothesis to presume that all the preserved texts refuting the theory of generalized homosexuality, at least as far as the classical era is concerned, are only those which escaped destruction. Also of great importance is the meaning of the words and Erastis (lover) and Eromenos (loved boy/one). They were not used in a sexual meaning, as they are today, but in another, obviously educational one. The aforementioned extracts must have already made us suspicious about that, since, despite the use of the word "lover”, any sexual affinity of the term seems inconceivable. Yet, if "lover” had its modern meaning, this would be irrational. So there should be another meaning for this word and it is obvious what this was. Plato specifically makes clear his position about homosexuality, which is a completely negative one. In his most mature work, Leges, where he crystallizes his whole philosophy, he goes as far as to propose the institution of a severely forbidding law against homosexuality. Judging by the numerous references found in all his works, one can conclude that he was rather preoccupied with this issue. One can only wonder, then, how the partisan of platonic love ended up being considered, nowadays, as the theorist of homosexuality. This must be rather attributed to misinterpreted extracts of an other of his major works, Symposium. Plato, Leges 636c: "It is understood that, since their birth, nature urges females and males to have sexual intercourse with one another, and it is obvious that sensual pleasure is given to them according to nature, while against nature between two males or two females.” Plato, Leges, 836c e: “If someone, following nature, proposes the re institution of the law as it was before Laius | thought to be the mythical inventor of homosexuality, after he raped Chrysipus, and punished by being murdered by his own son] and claims that it is not right for men and boys to have sex with one another, as they have with women, and calls upon male animals which do not touch sexually one another, since this is not in their nature, he would have a rather strong argument.”

Only in the mid-1960s did the idea of an ancient Macedonia distinct from Greece emerge, advocated by the Slavic Communist Yugoslavian Socialist Republic of Makedonija (est. 1944), and it didn’t really pick up momentum until the 1990s-1998 to be exact. It allowed the Yugoslavian communists to lay claim to northern Greece in the name of “unifying Macedonia.” The Yugoslavians like Tito pushed the separate identity of Macedonia and supported the communist KKE in Greece so as to cede “Aegean Macedonia” from Greece. Association with Ancient Macedonia allowed modern North Macedonia to sidestep the controversial issue of Slav connections (are they Serbs, bulgars, or something else?) and give themselves an ancient autochthonous connection to the land. The Greeks had no claims on North Macedonia since it was Paeonia in ancient times, not organelle connected to Macedonia and the Greek world until Phillip II conquered the area, so they could avoid Greek contention but at the same time allow the Macedonian Slavs to claim all of his rival Macedonia. Two steps were thus required: The first was to undermine the contention that the ancient Macedonians were a Greek race, and to neutralize more generally the Ancient Macedonian legacy. The second step was to appropriate the historical past of the ancient Macedonian kingdom and link it with (Slav) Macedonian history. Most scholars don’t argue whether Macedonia is Greek. Scholars like Borza, Green, and Badian are out of their element-perhaps naive and envious. When they claim otherwise, namely Macedon was not Greek. They purposely omit and unnecessarily speculate on the sources when there is no need-when the texts and context make it clear Macedonians are Greeks. Perhaps they want to believe Hellenism is something anyone can become a part of-which is true to a degree. In many respects nationalism is a mental construct, but since Ancient times Hellene or Greek was seen as a race or ethnicity (Herodotus, who said blood, language, customs, and religion made up a nation or ethnos), like Chinese. You can become a sinophile but it doesn’t make you an ethnic Chinese. You aren’t Nigerian just because you move there-maybe politically as a citizen but not not ethnically.

Macedonia was to Greece what Prussia was to Germany. It’s not surprising that among modern scholars 19th-20th century Germans best understood the Macedonian paradox. Germans, aware of the particular position of Prussia vis-à-vis the rest of Germany, initially outside the borders of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation, and, even after the abolition of the latter, an entity whose citizens were to be reckoned separately from other Germans.* Jakob Salomon Bartholdy wrote in such terms to his brother on 6 February 1817: Als ich hier (in Neapel) kam, fand ich viekee deutsche und preussische Künstler von entschiedenen Anlagen und Talenten”, translated: “When I came here (in Naples) I found many German and Prussian artists of decisive dispositions and talents." And one can find modern books under the title Preussen und Deutschland gegenüber dem Novemberaufstand 1830-1831, translated as Prussia and Germany in the face of the November Uprising 1830-1831. The reluctance of the South German states to submit to Prussia, and at the same time the Prussian king’s desire to maintain direct and exclusive hold on his own kingdom, for which Wilhelm I styled himself “Deutscher Kaiser, König von Preussen” (German emperor, king of Prussia) rather than “Kaiser der Deutschen” (emperor of the Germans) in 1871, rings Isocratic tones. *See in particular, F. Geyer, Makedonien bis zur Thronbesteigung Philipps II, Munich and Berlin 1930, 32: ”Nicht anders steht es mit dem Hinweis darauf, dass die Makedonen sich namentlich in der Zeit Alexsnders des Großen und der Diadochen als ein Volk für sich gefühlt hätten: Dieses Gefühl war lediglich ein Ausfluss nationalen Stolzes auf die unerhörten Leistungen, die ihnen die östliche Welt zu Füßen gelegt hatte, eine Wirkung des stolzen Bewusstseins, auch den Griechen militärisch und politisch unendlich überlegen zu sein. Ganz ähnlich haben sich die Preussen zur Zeit Friedrichs des Großen allen anderen Deutschen gegenüber als ein besonderes Volk gefühlt, haben sich mit Stolz als Preussen und nicht als Deutschen bekannt.“ English: Macedonia until the accession of Philip II to the throne, Munich and Berlin 1930, 32: "It is no different with reference to the fact that the Macedonians, especially in the time of Alexander the Great and the Diadochi, felt themselves to be a people of their own: this feeling was merely an outpouring of national pride in the unheard-of achievements that the Eastern world had laid at their feet, an effect of the proud awareness of being infinitely superior to the Greeks militarily and politically. In a similar way, the Prussians in the time of Frederick the Great felt themselves to be a special people compared to all other Germans, proudly professing themselves to be Prussians and not Germans." Alexander III’s letter to Darius III: Your ancestors invaded Macedonia and the rest of Greece and did us harm although we had not done you any previous injury. I have been appointed commander-in-chief of the Greeks and it is with the aim of punishing the Persians that I have crossed into Asia, since you are the aggressors. “There are Greek troops, to be sure, in Persian service -but how different is theirs cause from ours! They will be fighting for pay- and not much of it at that; we on the contrary shall fight for Greece, and our hearts will be in it. As for our FOREIGN troops -Thracians, Paeonians, Illyrians, Agrianes - they are the best and stouder soldiers of Europe, and they will find as their opponents the slackest and softest of the tribes of Asia.“ Arrian, Anavasis, book 2. During the siege of Thessalonica by the Turks (1383-7), king Manuel Palaeologos in his “exhortation to the Thessalonians” urges them to fight to the death, because it was enjoined by their historical heritage: “Because we are Greeks, the land of Philip and Alexander being our motherland,” he said. This means that both the king and the city’s inhabitants were aware of the historical continuity of Hellenism and their Hellenic origin, which was rooted in ancient times. Modern scholars confirm Macedonia as Greek as the earth is indeed confirmed round. Scholars like Badian, Borza, and Green are out of their element when they speculate Macedonia is different from Greece. They purposely ignore and take out of context the literary sources. The archaeology overwhelmingly points to Macedonians and Greeks being the same, particularly inscriptions from religious sanctuaries and athletic festivals. “The Macedonians, for all the structural strangeness of their states, were in the last resort Greeks, their states Greek powers, and for many Greeks they were more beneficent leaders than Athens or Sparta had been in their heyday. I have therefore tried in this book to emphasize continuities with the past and to depict the Hellenistic world of the third and second centuries BC as a natural development of the events of the classical period.” -Malcolm Errington, A History of the Hellenistic World, Preface 2008. This proves Macedonians only knew Greek and this are Greek. How bizarre to speculate they wholesale poor and rich changed languages overnight. Imagine English speaking Americans all taking Spanish overnight and forgetting English ever existed-never using it Nonsense like the idea of a Nongreek Macedonia: “Among the most famous of Greeks, Alexander the Great of Macedonia (reigned 336-323BC) overthrew the immense Persian empire, but also restricted their cities’ cherished independence.” -Nigel Rodgers “We must remember that Alexander and Philip were Greeks, descended from Heracles; they wished to be recognized as benefactors of the Greeks even as Heracles had been...Since childhood he [Alexander] had worshipped Heracles, son of Zeus, and a mortal woman through his mother he was descended from Achilles, son of goddess Thetis and a mortal Peleus." -Nicholas G. Hammond, The Genius of Alexander the Great, p.257 “Macedon is a Greek speaking kingdom in Northern Greece, populated by people using Greek names, Greek months of the year, worshipping Greek gods. Those who live in Skopje and say that they are Macedonia and Alexander's home are as ignorant and outrageous as if someone were to say that Oxford was in Belarus and that Oxford is Minsk." -Dr. Robin Lane Fox In the northwest, the peoples of Molossis, Orestis and Lynkestis spoke West Greek and although they absorbed other groups into their territory, they were essentially “Greeks”. The main difference between Macedonia and the city states of the south was that it was ruled by a king and powerful nobility." -Robert Morkot, Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Greece, p.70 “The Macedonian people and their kings were of Greek stock, as their traditions and the scanty remains of their language combine to testify.” Bury & Meiggs (1985) “A History of Greece” page 415 Bengston makes the following statement pertaining to the origins of the Macedonians “They should be included in the group of North-West Greek tribes…the majority of modern historians have correctly argued for the Hellenic origin of the Macedonians. H. Bengston (1988) “A History of Greece: from the beginnings to the Byzantine era” page 186. “Greece and Macedon were akin in blood and culture.” N.G.L Hammond (1986) “A History of Greece to 332 B.C. page 651. 
“As members of the Greek race and speakers of the Greek language,
the Macedonians shared in the ability to initiate ideas and create political forms.” N.G.L Hammond (1992) “The Miracle that was Macedonia” page 206.
 In this prestigious source Opperman states:
“Nowadays historians generally agree that the Macedonians ethnos form part of the Greek ethnos; hence they also shared in the common religious and cultural features of the Hellenic world“ M. Opperman (1996) “The Oxford Classical Dictionary 3rd ed.- Macedonia,Cults”
page 905. 
“And yet when we take into account the political conditions, religion and morals of the Macedonians our conviction is strengthened that They were a Greek race and akin to the Dorians“ U. Wilcken (1967) “Alexander the Great” page 22 
“Macedonian horsemen together with those of their Thessalian neighbours were later regarded as the best in GREECE” R. Malcolm Errington, (1993) ‘A History of Macedonia’,University of California Press, February ,
page 7 
“In favour of the Greek identity of the Macedonians is what we know of their language: the place-names, names of the months and many of the personal names, especially royal names, which are Greek in roots and form. This suggests that they did not merely use Greek as a lingua franca but spoke it as natives (though with a local accent which turned Philip into Bilip, for example). Richard Stoneman, ‘Alexander the Great’, page 14 There isn’t even one Slav North Macedonian on the list of top writers on North Macedonian history. They don’t know their own history let alone Greece’s.

Macedonians took their Greek identity for granted. In a speech spoken in 211 by an Acharnanian delegate, Lykiscus, at Sparta, he called Macedonia the bulwark of Hellas. Lykiscus makes it clear that, while the Aetolians had already saved Greece once )by repulsing the Celts), it is Macedonians who are Greece’s battlement against the barbarians; so often have they fought for the freedom of the Hellenes, the repulse of the Celts bring their finest hour. Towards the end of the third century, when the Romans were revealing their intensions of pursuing a vigorous policy of intervention in Greece, the Macedonians began to be portrayed not just as fellow members of the Greek race but as protectors of Greek freedom on previous hours of danger. By now there was a Hellenic Alliance, founded in 224 by Antigonus Doson, and for the first time the Macedonians, as a race, were Allie’s with the Hellenes of southern Greece. There is an offical text that states beyond any doubt that the Macedonians saw themselves as Greeks. This is the famous treaty between Philip V and Hannibal, of which Polybius gives the text. In it there is mention of the gods “who overrule Macedonia and the rest of Greece” and the Carthaginians describe themselves as allies of the Macedonians and the other Greeks. Damon of Macedonia, son of Nicanor, who was from Thessaloniki, had a bronze statue erected at Olympia in 143/2 BC in honor of Quintus Caecilius Metellus. The motive for its dedication was inscribed on the statue base: Metellus’ fine character, and the friendly way in which he “bears with him (Damon), his homeland (Macedonia), the rest of Macedonians and the other Hellenes.” It is surprising that this reference to the common origin of Macedonians and Hellenes should have been posted at Olympia, for Greeks from every corner of the Hellenic world to see the inscription; and it is also a strong indication of what most of them would have felt of the reference as it went without disagreement.

In the hagiographic works by Euthymius of Trnovo, the term Macedonia appears four times. It I’d first found in the Life of St Hilarion of Moglena, where it has to do with the Bulgarian Tsar Kaloyan (1197-1207), who is described as conquering a large part of ‘Greek land’: Very brave was he then, he conquered a large part of the Greek land, to wit Thrace and Macedonia, Triballia and Dalmatia; to these (he added) Neada [sic] and Hellas and even Aetolia. Euthymius’ admirari and patriotism led him to exaggerate the size of territory conquered by Kaloyan. In the Life of St Sava, Macedonia is mentioned in relation to a plan by Tsar Kaloyan of Bulgaria to capture Thessaloniki, and Kaloyan’s sudden death in front of the city in 1207, an event attributed to the intervention of its protector saint Demetrius: So this Kaloyan, Tsar of the Zagoria, moved and destroyed many Greek towns throughout Thrace and throughout Macedonia. The characterization ‘Greek towns’, in Thrace and Macedonia, shows beyond dispute that the writer of this Life perceived Macedonia as a Byzantine region. Scholars like Borza, Green, and Badian are naive and envious. They purposely omit and unnecessarily speculate on the sources when there is no need-when the texts and context make it clear Macedonians are Greeks. Perhaps they want to believe Hellenism is something anyone can become a part of but since Ancient times it was seen as a race or ethnicity, like Chinese. You can become a sinophile but it doesn’t make you an ethnic Chinese. You aren’t Nigerian just because you move there-maybe politically as a citizen but not not ethnically. Herodotus judged Greek identity or Hellenic on throb basis of kindred blood, language, religion, and customs. (Viii. 144.2). Herodotus places Macedonians on the proportional footing as rest of Greek tribes-Ionians, Thessalians, Thesprotians, and d St I on. No where dues Herodotus oppose the term ‘Ελλην [a Hellene, a Greek] to the term Μακεδών [a Macedonian]. In the famous passage where Amyntas appears as ‘a man of the Hellenes, the Viceroy of the Macedonians (v.20.4), there is no hint of ‘ethnic’ difference. In another instance, the term ‘Macedonian’ is apparently contained within the term ‘Hellene’; inferred from the words of Alexander I himself (ix.45.3 [2]) when warning of the imminent Persian attack on the eve of the battle of Plataea: ‘For myself am Hellene by race, anciently, and would not like to look on Hellas enslaved instead of free’. A little later (ix.45.3) Alexander I ends by spelling it out to the Greeks: ‘…wishing to make clear to you Mardonius’ intentions, so that the barbarians do not catch you off guard. It is Alexander the Macedonian who speaks’. The term is also used in close collocation with the term ‘Dorian race’; in other words, the Macedonians are presented by Herodotus (I.56, viii.43) as a tribe of Dorians. To judge by the first of these two passages, the Dorians originally inhabited Thessaly, and the Pindus only later; it was in the Pindus that they were named μακεδνόν έθνος-ethnic Macedonians.* *Geyer, RE XIV.1 (1928), s.v. ‘Makedonia’, 682, J. Kalléris, Les Anciens Macédoniens, I-II.1, Athénes 1954, repr. 1988), 3 and 87. Ptolemy always adds Macedonia as within the Greek world under the chapter Greece. Greek cities are called Greek if they are free whereas Macedonian cities are just cities but the theodorodokoi who announced the Panhellenic games of Delphi, Corinth etc always included Macedonia-they went to address states not cities per say. Cities like Padma ehich was Macedonian but independent was called a Greek city and visited, like Methane, an independent city founded by Eretria, west of Macedonia. After Phillip II’s reforms interior Macedonian cities take the place of central Macedonian authority and participate individually, while Epirus wavers between a single centralized and several civic representations. Macedonians and Epirotres also participated in the Panhellenic sanctuaries in the Archaic period and increases dramatically in the second half of the fourth century. Alexander I was neither the first nor the only Macedonian active at a Panhellenic sanctuary in the fifth century. He had been preceded at Delphi by Macedonians from Pieria, and both his fifth century successors Persia’s II and Archelaos participated in Panhellenic festivals at Olympia, Delphi, or Argos. The antagonism between Greeks and Macedonians was political: polis-states and an ethnic-state, between regimes which ideally are democratic and tyrannical respectively. Thus during Philip and Alexander’s time the opposition to Macedonian rulership tried to dissociate Macedonia from the rest of Greece. Thus Philip took the pro-Macedonian Athenian orator Isocrates, advice and hero Macedonia separate from the Hellenic league. It’s not surprising that among modern scholars 19th-20th century Germans best understood the Macedonian paradox. Germans, aware of the particular position of Prussia vis-à-vis the rest of Germany, initially outside the borders of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation, and, even after the abolition of the latter, an entity whose citizens were to be reckoned separately from other Germans.* Jakob Salomon Bartholdy wrote in such terms to his brother on 6 February 1817: Als inch hier (in Neapel) kam, fand ich viekee deutsche und preussische Künstler von entschiedenen Anlagen und Talenten”, translated: “When I came here (in Naples) I found many German and Prussian artists of decisive dispositions and talents." And one can find modern books under the title Preussen und Deutschland gegenüber dem Novemberaufstand 1830-1831, translated as Prussia and Germany in the face of the November Uprising 1830-1831. The reluctance of the South German states to submit to Prussia, and at the same time the Prussian king’s desire to maintain direct and exclusive hold on his own kingdom, for which Wilhelm I styled himself “Deutscher Kaiser, König von Preussen” (German emperor, king of Prussia) rather than “Kaiser der Deutschen” (emperor of the Germans) in 1871, rings Isocratic tones. *See in particular, F. Geyer, Makedonien bis zur Thronbesteigung Philipps II, Munich and Berlin 1930, 32: ”Nicht anders steht es mit dem Hinweis darauf, dass die Makedonen sich namentlich in der Zeit Alexsnders des Großen und der Diadochen als ein Volk für sich gefühlt hätten: Dieses Gefühl war lediglich ein Ausfluss nationalen Stolzes auf die unerhörten Leistungen, die ihnen die östliche Welt zu Füßen gelegt hatte, eine Wirkung des stolzen Bewusstseins, auch den Griechen militärisch und politisch unendlich überlegen zu sein. Ganz ähnlich haben sich die Preussen zur Zeit Friedrichs des Großen allen anderen Deutschen gegenüber als ein besonderes Volk gefühlt, haben sich mit Stolz als Preussen und nicht als Deutschen bekannt.“ English: Macedonia until the accession of Philip II to the throne, Munich and Berlin 1930, 32: "It is no different with reference to the fact that the Macedonians, especially in the time of Alexander the Great and the Diadochi, felt themselves to be a people of their own: this feeling was merely an outpouring of national pride in the unheard-of achievements that the Eastern world had laid at their feet, an effect of the proud awareness of being infinitely superior to the Greeks militarily and politically. In a similar way, the Prussians in the time of Frederick the Great felt themselves to be a special people compared to all other Germans, proudly professing themselves to be Prussians and not Germans."

In the mid-19th century Slavs in Macedonia sympathized with Bulgaria and at the treaty of San Stefano in 1878 incorporated most of Macedonia and other areas north into Greater Bulgaria based on H Kiepert’s demographic maps at the urging of Russian ambassador Count Ignatiev. The great powers refused to create such a large state, especially considering Bulgarians barely exceeded 50% of the population. After the 1881 secret treaty between Austria and Serbia stating the latter wouldn’t seek irredentist policies towards Slavs in Austria-Hungary, Serbia turned its attentions to Macedonia and thus began propagating the idea of a separate Macedonian ethnicity-Slav of course, having nothing to do with ancient Macedonia which everyone considered Greek. After Bulgaria’s failed attempts to revive Greater Bulgaria, Macedonia remained a high priority. In the inter-war years, and during World War II Bulgarians ‘liberated’ the Macedonian slavs. After 1944 with the emergence of a Macedonian Federal Republic in communist Yugoslavia, due to the overall situation and relationships within the communist bloc, Bulgaria changed to promoting a Macedonian nationality, although traditionally Bulgarians viewed ‘Macedonian’ as a ruse by Serbia to wrest Macedonia form Bulgaria. With claims of Macedonians in western Bulgaria, Bulgarians become increasingly uneasy with this situation, and with the fall of communism ca. 1990 Bulgaria again reversed its position. Only in the mid-1960s did the idea of a link to ancient Macedonia begin to creep in, and it didn’t really pick up steam until the 1990s-1998 to be exact. It allowed the Yugoslavian communists to lay claim to northern Greece in the name of “unifying Macedonia.” The Yugoslavians like Tito pushed the separate identity of Macedonia and supported the communist KKE in Greece so as to cede “Aegean Macedonia” from Greece. Association with Ancient Macedonia allowed modern North Macedonia to sidestep the controversial issue of Slav connections (are they Serbs, bulgars, or something else?) and give themselves an ancient autochthonous connection to the land. The Greeks had no claims on North Macedonia since it was Paeonia in ancient times, not organelle connected to Macedonia and the Greek world until Phillip II conquered the area, so they could avoid Greek contention but at the same time allow the Macedonian Slavs to claim all of his rival Macedonia. Two steps were thus required: The first was to undermine the contention that the ancient Macedonians were a Greek race, and to neutralize more generally the Ancient Macedonian legacy. The second step was to appropriate the historical past of the ancient Macedonian kingdom and link it with (Slav) Macedonian history. Most scholars don’t argue whether Macedonia is Greek. Scholars like Borza, Green, and Badian are out of their element-perhaps naive and envious. When they claim otherwise, namely Macedon was not Greek. They purposely omit and unnecessarily speculate on the sources when there is no need-when the texts and context make it clear Macedonians are Greeks. Perhaps they want to believe Hellenism is something anyone can become a part of-which is true to a degree. In many respects nationalism is a mental construct, but since Ancient times Hellene or Greek was seen as a race or ethnicity (Herodotus, who said blood, language, customs, and religion made up a nation or ethnos), like Chinese. You can become a sinophile but it doesn’t make you an ethnic Chinese. You aren’t Nigerian just because you move there-maybe politically as a citizen but not not ethnically. Serbian scholars had previously claimed the language and culture of the Slav Macedonians were closer to Serbian. The next step was that Macedonia was an intermediate region between Bulgaria and Serbia that had not yet obtained a clear identity and potentially had equal chances of being assimilated into either nation (Cvijic), or that the Macedonian slavs had particularities that separated them from both Bulgarians and Serbians (Novakovic). The early 20th century Serb scholar Jovan Cvijić famously elucidated the position of Slavs in Macedonia: “The Macedonian Slavs are an archaic Slav mass, a floating mass, with no well-defined awareness of nationhood”; and went on to say “the state that first gains control in Macedonia for any considerable period of time will give it its lasting character”. The early 20th century Serb scholar Radosavljević-Bdin pointed out that “There is no Macedonian nationality nor is there a Macedonian state. There is a Serbian people and hence there is a Serbia and an Old Serbia.” His compatriot Ivanić stated that in history, Macedonia has been used as a geographical term, but not “as an ethnic term, nor has there ever been mention of any specific “Macedonian nationality.”* *Stefan Radosavljević-Bdin, Srbinstvo u evropskoj Turskoj [The Serbianian in Turkey-in-Europe], Beograd 1903, 5; Ivanić, Iz crkvene istorije 14. The early 20th Century Concept of the existence of a specific “Macedonian nationality” was attributed to Austro-Hungarian policy: Austrian policy…is working ahead to create various different peoples in the Balkans, and especially to partition the Serbian people. Today it is working tirelessly to proclaim a new Macedonian nationality made out of Turkey’s Serbs and Bulgarians.”* *Jovan Hadži-Vasiljević, Stara Srbija I Maćedonija [Old Serbia and Macedonia], Beograd 1906, 41. The same intentions were ascribed to Bulgaria: ‘The Macedonian people, as a separate entity is in reality the politicians’ latest invention, and has as its overt goal the interests of the Bulgarian state.’* ‘Where did this name come from?’ Asked a Serbian writer of the interwar years only to answer his own rhetorical question as follows: In a nutshell: from Bulgaria…Readers unacquainted with the details will be able to see for themselves the true reason behind Bulgaria’s insatiable greed, and it’s age-old unjust and unceasing preoccupation with ‘Macedonia’ and with some invented separate people of ‘Macedonians’ unknown to history.** *Ivanić, Iz crkvene istorije, xi. **Panta Radosavljević, Šta je Macćedonia? [What is Macedonia?], Beograd 1925, 14. Where did this name come from?’ Bulgarians and Slav Macedonian nationalists both accused each other of ‘denationalization.’ The Bulgarians claimed Macedonian slavs were Bulgarians while Macedonians slavs claimed they and the Bulgarians in Pirin, Bulgaria where really Macedonians. A leading historian of Bulgaro-Yugoslav relations, D. michev, expressed his revulsion over the endorsement of a Macedonian nation after the Second World War in the following manner: But a nation is not formed by opposition and oppression. A nation is an historical category, the natural offspring of certain historical, educational, cultural, and linguistic factors. And the so-called “Macedonian nation” bears every trace of an artificial edifice, in which its founders aim for unclean, opportunistic political goals. It is a political and not a national category, and has nothing to do with the science of nations and national questions, the voluntary and democratic self-determination of the population. Such a nation cannot have a lasting historic future. Time cannot work for its consolidation and prosperity. Supporting itself on oppression, it will inevitably collapse together with its founders under the condition of the free will of the Macedonian Bulgarians. A strong proof of this is the process of the renaissance of Bulgariandom that has started in the Republic of Macedonia.* *Michev, Vardarska p. 112.

1908, there was a gold mine at TUnguska... 3 years after the Curies.

Trump!! MAGA!!!! Victory is so so sweet.

This program & Dan Carlin’s performance is phenomenal. The thoroughness & moments of humor & palpable enthusiasm for the material. The not-obvious insights & question he invokes for our minds to run with. I absolutely love this show & this episode was especially enjoyable. Bravo.

I wonder if he’ll ever match the stories of the Khans or ww1

I'm HEARING imparided....why have you disable the CC button? It really hwlp s. Thansk DDan

Dp you have little boy jealousy?

Dan, who all sent their horrendous child trafficking inbreedings to my caseloads? What do you think will happen to issues surrounding that .

The titles say it all.... Dont they .

Obviously Nick knew exactly what was planned well before others as referenced in numerous songs .

Why is anger the primary emotion in all of these? Who enjoys listening to this? I have never been able to listen to an entire one or even more than 5 minutes of one without zoning out and wondering how horrendous some 9/11 type pilots are .

With obvious indicators that this has always been AI'd .

Why is this all free suddenly?

What a radio reference. How many military personnel are complete cowards, giving up on the one person they actually love.

When numerous people willingly eunuch themselves. What plans do ethical people have for horrendous people hurting innocent ones .

Delicious footnote to your thesis here... At the end of all that revolutionary activity, the American people elected Richard Nixon. They correctly identified who was causing the problems, so they elected a guy whose Fame was as an anti-communist tough guy.

Dan, I grew up in Chicago, and was 12 years old in 1968 and looking forward to getting old enough to go fight communism. I had neighbors and in high school had classmates who had escaped from communist countries. I despised demonstrators and so did most people I knew, my age, or adults. My father was a delivery driver at that time so we were just scraping by, moving from apartment to apartment as we got kicked out for not being able to pay the rent. To this day I have a phobia about mail because of the times I saw my mother open an envelope and break into sobs. My dad eventually moved into auto parts sales and started doing better. We were probably about to move into the middle class seriously when he was diagnosed with cancer and died a few years later, at age 52. Of course, back then I was able to pay for college myself from my minimum wage job, and have a degree in international studies. I want to be an intern in Congress, and realized I did not want to be an employee of the government because the real job of all government employees is to get the important people in government re-elected or moved upward. The people in charge always end up making the system exist for the purpose of helping the people running the system do better. And it doesn't matter who those people are... In every country I've ever known the worst people in the country go into politics and government.

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