Earth's Lost Islands

Just a few thousand years ago, massive glaciers stretched across much of the planet's surface ushering in a period known as the "last glacial maximum." During this time sea levels were up to 120 meters (400 ft) lower than they are now, exposing huge expanses of continental shelf and bringing potentially millions of island briefly above the ocean. Some of the biggest of these islands were around for thousands of years, long enough to have impacted human history, only to sink back beneath the water before the modern day. Today we're hunting down some of these lost lands to see what they can teach us about human history!
Also make sure to watch AlternateHistoryHub's video on Doggerland: • What if Britain Wasn't...
Listen to my full conversation with Cody here: • My Full Conversation w...
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Sources / Further Reading:
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novascotia.ca/...
www.loc.gov/re...
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www.nps.gov/me...
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www.teachchann...
link.springer....
www.mantleplume...
www.researchga...
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www.cell.com/c...
www.sciencedir...
www.ldeo.colum...
awsassets.panda...
journals.plos....
marine-conserv...
www.researchga...
www.cbd.int/do...
www.slideserve...
www.researchga...

[@AlternateHistoryHub]

Earth should really stop losing all those islands. Pretty irresponsible of it. Great video by the way! Glad to have contributed.

[@orwellboy1958]

When ever I lose anything it's usually down the back of the sofa, has anyone thought of looking there?

[@AtlasPro1]

Mother Earth is a HOT MESS

[@yoloswag4280]

wow love you alternate history hub!

[@AaronOfMpls]

@@orwellboy1958 Or behind the clothes drier, where the portal is to the Lost Sock Dimension?

[@gabex22]

What is this a crossover episode! I love it!

[@sigigle]

2:54 - Doggerland - A sunken land mass connecting the British Isles to mainland Europe 11:10 - The Grand Banks - A few sunken land masses off the east coast of Canada 23:23 - The Channel Islands - Use to be a larger single landmass off the coast of California called Santa Rosae 27:33 - The Tuamotu Atolls - Use to be an island archipelago in the South Pacific 29:06 - Sunken Island Chains in the South Pacific off the north east coast of Papua New Guinea use to be more prominent 30:56 - Salas Y Gomez Ridge - A series of sunken island chains near Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in the South Pacific 33:56 - The Mascarene Plateau - A sunken island archipelago in the West Indian Ocean between the Seychelles and Mauritius islands off the east coast of Madagascar

[@Ferdaev]

No South East Asia, :sad:

[@phoenixjim0527]

Thanks for the index

[@yuraqmisi6463]

There is actually another ridge in South America, the Nazca ridge. It goes from the coast of Nazca, in Peru, all the way to the Salas y Gomez ridge, near the Desventuradas islands. It's basically two different ridges that are connected.

[@brandonbohr.7301]

Thank you.

[@acarroll6842]

Weird how Cody has the azores in his avatar but doesn't discuss them at all.

[@declangallagher1448]

England having a land border with France? I can't imagine a worse timeline.

[@ommsterlitz1805]

Yeah because England without an easy way out of fighting France directly instead of pillaging India to pay mercenaries to do the warring they would be instantly conquered and you would actually get a somewhat French Empire similar to China in both population and a stronger "center of the world" mindset covering Europe by the time of Louis the XIV

[@ommsterlitz1805]

​@@fizzylovesjam5378 Well unlike uk constantly losing to France and having to do propaganda about it thinking they won the hundred years war or something. Continental Europe powers always were more powerful and had better living conditions than the swampy island inhabitants of the uk, so thinking you can even compare to France the most powerful country of Europe and the strongest in all matters with an hegemony of +1100 years is laughable. The teethIess brits are among the biggest losers against France so obviously we can feel the salt coming from you speaking in a language with more French words than english ones, having a population of 45% French descent and 25% German descent with barely any trace of british because you lost all wars to Frankish, French, Celtic, Gaelic and Germanic tribes and vikings😅.

[@corsacs3879]

@@ommsterlitz1805 holy shit chill out literally no need to insult an entire nation of people

[@ommsterlitz1805]

@@corsacs3879 Uk does that all the time unjustly to it's European neighbors it's perfectly normal they receive hate in return especially of what they did in history. Them leaving the Eu is just their latest treason, and I hope they will split with Scotland and northern Ireland to stay in the EU.

[@snuffeldjuret]

@@ommsterlitz1805 loved your scathing comments :).

[@keithlehwald]

Regarding the Scotian Shelf: The Mi’kmaq, the local indigenous people, have likely been here at least 10,000-13,000 years, but there are some gaps in the archaeological record. It has been theorized that their ancestors actually settled parts of the Scotian Shelf that were exposed during the last glacial maximum, resulting in these sites now being covered by ocean. Considering they were historically a semi-nomadic people with strong fishing and boating traditions, it would make sense that they would settle the coast and gradually retreat inland as the waters rose.

[@BrazilianImperialist]

No

[@alienguyjp]

@@BrazilianImperialist no? You don't suppose Native Americans would have appeared in... North America?

[@alienguyjp]

I was pretty disappointed that this wasn't remotely touched on in the video.

[@BrazilianImperialist]

@@alienguyjp No, and stop liking your comment, it's cringe

[@BrazilianImperialist]

@@alienguyjp Because it is wrong

[@emilyplunkett6034]

You joke about a place on the east coast of Canada called "Auckland" and confusing people, but every once and a while, a news story pops up about a tourist winding up in Sydney, Nova Scotia, when they meant to book their flight to Sydney, Australia. Naming any extra islands in the general vicinity of Cape Breton after anything found in the Southern Hemisphere would just be on brand.

[@francisebbecke2727]

I've heard of people getting off the plane in Sydney asking about the boy's choir and the customs telling them they really meant to go to Austria. People from New Mexico ( a state since 1912) are frequently asked for their passports when they travel to other parts of the USA.

[@YeeSoest]

Ah yes, Lesotho, Nova Scotia. Right next to Somalia Island, Nova Scotia. Beautiful place this time of year

[@Vicus_of_Utrecht]

@@francisebbecke2727 Just lying to lie? Nobody from NM has their passports checked. But you do you.

[@aaronmarks9366]

It's awesome that you touched on the Mascarene Plateau. In geography class in high school in the late '90s, our teacher asked us to write a profile of a fictional country located somewhere on Earth. I created a country out of the whole Mascarene Plateau, imagining that it was hundreds of meters higher than in reality. I made a whole backstory about its peopling, its culture, and its role in world history, similar to Cody's speculations at the end of the video. I also drew maps for it and imagined different tropical landscapes and biomes across the large island. I unfortunately lost the poster and description I made some time during high school, but I still remember it fondly as one of my best and most imaginative school assignments.

[@mnxs]

That sounds awesome. Did your imaginings resemble Cody's (I mean, with all his speculation about the Portuguese and the Dutch)? And what did your teacher think of it?

[@OriginalCreatorSama]

i hope you got a good grade on it, that sounds awesome!

[@noisemagician]

42 minutes? Holy Gods of Atlas, we have been blessed.

[@aa-md4qr]

We

[@thebeeemill]

I love the content but I almost feel like it’s too much for one video. It’s a lot to digest at once for some and I can see how some people might be offput by how long the video is so they decide not to watch

[@noisemagician]

@@thebeeemill Pause and un-pause the video every 9 minutes to simulate an average youtube video.

[@icebox6240]

Eh, 42:55. Let's be nice and round it up to 43

[@kurtisgonzales37]

I never realized how much I was interested in geology, until I started watching atlas pro. The content I never knew I needed lol I also prefer the longer videos. Packs in more information 😆

[@rs20894]

These videos just keep getting better! I've been hoping to see you make a video on the Aral Sea, but if there's enough content there, an "Earth's Lost Seas" video might be a nice inverse-companion to this one...

[@syrialak101]

>"Earth's Lost Seas" Lake Agassiz😏😏

[@annoyed707]

Yes, seize the opportunity to cover the lost seas that no one now sees.

[@waynepooley6950]

I love that idea

[@no15minutecities]

not really, so much misinformation

[@purohueso745]

32:00 I would like to point out a correction to this, you say 6k-8k years ago for the earliest settlements on the SA Pacific coast, but there is at least Monteverde in Southern Chile dating to around 15k. That gives more time for the possible westward expansion, but there is the problem of a subducting trench in between making the "Nazca island chain" farther away from the coastline, and the coastline itself being a desert.

[@AverytheCubanAmerican]

Atlas Pro: The Earth is active, nothing stays the same Mia: You know who else doesn't stay the same... *PET ME, BABY* A wise cat beyond her years, the finest geographer of all

[@andrewjennings7306]

Ah, justin y's hispanic doppleganger.

[@alexrogers777]

Have you done a video on micro climates yet? Mt. Kilimanjaro has some really cool ones but a video on really small micro climates like near waterfalls or particular hillsides would be very interesting too

[@gxrlboi]

I can't believe you don't have 1M subscribers yet?! Your content is such a high quality. Super engrossing.

[@deviousalemanni4235]

Getting there though!

[@aukryptik8212]

Unfortunately our beloved long episodes aren't beloved by the algorithm

[@Mr3344555]

He doesn't care, because his work is bound to hit the 2-5million subscribers mark. Not everyone gets on KZbin to learn

[@Robbie-pc1dl]

yeah

[@Jack2X4]

Incorporate Mya into his content and he'll easily clear 10 million

[@rashkavar]

Regarding the Grand Banks area, it's no longer a great fishing place because from the 1950s to when Canada started regulating it in the early 1990s, fishing ships with increasingly absurd technology pretty much flattened the cod population, to the point of annihilating a number of fishing villages that had been operating in Newfoundland for more than a century. It's a bit of a sore topic for the descendants of those folks. As for possible settlers of an island there, I'm surprised you didn't consider the indigenous people of Newfoundland. The Mi’kmaq, at least, did survive partially based on cod fishing, and while they may not have initially had any interest in going out that far, at some point over the 8000 or so years they were there, someone could have gotten swept out in that direction, found shelter on the island, and managed to make it back. And then "oh hey, there's this island out there that's kinda a great place to live, and it's a lot warmer than here" would make it just as attractive to the Mi’kmaq as it did to the Vikings. (Perhaps more so, given Vikings tended to like raiding and/or trading with other iron-age civilizations.) And while we have found archaeological evidence that confirms at least the very rough details of the Vinland Saga, it's very notable that they approached Newfoundland from the Northwest. That suggests they took a similar navigational path to many trans-atlantic flights do - bouncing from coastline to coastline rather than going out into the middle of nowhere. I'd suggest that Grand Banks Island might have been a possible next step of exploration from the Viking settlement on Newfoundland, but that settlement failed. (which according to the Vinland Saga is because the peoples they met there managed to drive them away...which is impressive considering they would be one of the very few cultures the Vikings met where they'd have had a distinct technological advantage - European subtleties of iron smelting might have offered one group or the other a slight edge, but iron weapons are distinctly superior to stone, wood and bone, which is what the indigenous population (possibly the Beothuk, according to Kathrine Gilks in the replies) would have had access to. Kinda suggests that they were pretty badass.) Thus there were no expansions into other more comfortable parts that they could have reached (we can tell by the lack of anything that suggests they made it to Nova Scotia or down into the States), so reaching Grand Banks Island from that approach seems unlikely. Conversely, the Basque would almost certainly have set up fishing villages if there was a land to put them on. Deep ocean fishing is dangerous work, which is why most fishing villages are found in places where fish are in relatively local waters. Having a village where you could pack up the catch of the day from all the little fishing vessels and send them over in a larger ship would probably make the whole exercise much safer. And if you're right about not considering the First Nations as a possible early source of settlement, it would be literally free real estate. (And if they were both there, it's very possible the Basque might have established a more successful relationship...from what I've read, the Sagas' account of the Vinland expedition indicates that it was the Vikings who kicked things off by killing someone they thought had been stealing from them. This...didn't go over very well and the idea of weregild doesn't really translate to other cultures all that well. Especially not if they don't have the obsession with money that European cultures tended to have.)

[@jakeaurod]

Even if they sailed on a straight path from Scandinavia, the vikings would have approached from the northwest, since due east of Newfoundland is France.

[@Tokru86]

Iron weapons are not a so great advantage as you might think. The vikings would have essentially had the same weapons as the natives, just of a more durable material. That's nowhere near the difference like from stone age weapons to rifles and machine guns like the British had at the height of their colonial efforts when they defended with a handful of people against thousands of natives on occasion. And likewise the vikings would have had a SEVERE disadvantage in numbers as there were never more than a few dozens who tried to settle in Canada. If you have 50 iron swords you will most likely lose against 200 wooden spears anyway, because in melee combat numbers count much more than in ranged combat.

[@rashkavar]

@@Tokru86 Fair point, really. Never really considered that. Seemsrather an obvious flaw in my assessment, in hindsight

[@BrazilianImperialist]

The Mi'kmaq never reached those islands, so europeans were really the first

[@BrazilianImperialist]

@@Tokru86 No, iron weaponry is indeed better, the natives had numbers

[@vitaminluke5597]

Every single one of your videos is a masterpiece that outshines my pending PhD thesis, and you put them out every month or so. The fact that you aren't a professor already is a shame but also a blessing for the rest of us, because you're teaching the world about biogeography and now even presenting original ideas and research.

[@01k]

What did you write about?

[@nmvhr]

what original ideas?

[@Byronic19134]

Yikes.

[@BrazilianImperialist]

What's your thesis about?

[@clairpahlavi1585]

You are not worthy of a Ph.D. if you believe that man-made global climate change is real. To believe a bunch of Islamo-Nazi Crony-Socialists' cherry-picked and skewed data for a political agenda of destroying Western culture is complete idiocy. Welcome to Quackademia!

[@punciee]

This reminds me of the historic landscape analysis that we had to do in collage. Looking at the groundlayers sinds the last ice age. My region (10 km2 squere Gouda to Alphen aan Den Rijn NL) lost a lot of significance due shifting flow patterns of rivers. This might be a fun thing to look futher into? Love the chanel!

[@AaronOfMpls]

You mention shifting flow... That made me think of Dunwich, England. At its height, it was a medieval port town that rivaled London. But storm surges and shifting coastal geography made the River Dunwich divert to the mouth of the neighboring River Blythe a couple miles away. And changed coastal currents started eroding away at Dunwich itself. By 1800, Dunwich was only a small village, and today pretty much all of the medieval town has eroded away into the sea. But because it had been a major town, it still elected 2 MPs (like many more populous towns) until 1832, when the UK massively redistricted to get rid of these low-population "rotten boroughs".

[@brandonjpb]

I don't know what kinda video editing crack you've been doing lately but the last 5 or 6 uploads of yours have absolutely blown my mind. I'm always trying to show people the one about extinct birds. Love all the videos, keep it up dude!

[@DaveTexas]

It’s really fun to hear your conversation with Cody, partly because we get to hear your "real" speaking voice. I mean, I love that you narrate your videos in a way that is extremely easy to understand and precisely enunciated, but I know that’s not how you speak in your day-to-day conversations…especially not to your adorable kitty!

[@adam77l]

If dogger island existed into the viking error, there is no way it would have remained isolated untill the vikings arrived! it is far to easily reached from England, and so we could expect it to have a very similar setlement history as Enlglad. So by the time the Vikings would arrrive they would find a Romano-celtic, angle saxon fusion culture just as they found in England.

[@AV-we6wo]

I don't know enough to even make an educated guess about their numbers or the kind of society that would have lived there , but what if the 'Doggerlanders' played a more dominant role and they were the ones who settled in the British Isles and parts of the Scandinavian coasts? Couldn't they have formed some kind of North Sea Empire? Then European history might look totally different than it does today.

[@belstar1128]

Well i am sure before the Vikings there would have been a dozen other cultures that lived there

[@adam77l]

@@AV-we6wo well, I was talking specifically about dogger island, which is much smaller than the whole of doggerland. If the whole area remained above water than a lot of very interesting and less predictable things could have happened.

[@lewischarlesworth6697]

Yeah I felt the same when they were only talking about Viking invasions and completely forgot about the Anglosaxons. I don't think there would have been a lot of Roman influence but certainly some interaction. Then later they definitely would have been invaded by Anglosaxons and depending on their strength, might have been taken over much like they did in England. I think this too would have lessened the invasions of Britian so we might have had a more Celtic Britain. All this hundreds of years before Vikings would be on the scene.

[@wordsmith451]

The Viking error 😂

[@dynojackal1911]

Have you considered looking at, examining, and quantifying alternate Earths with different geography, like the Great Lakes Earth Project or the world of Draconology? (they are really quite interesting)

[@crocodileguy4319]

I actually raised Doggerland out of the sea on an earth map minecraft server. Even better, I got the dirt to do it by getting rid of Denmark.

[@thommyneter168]

Blessed timeline

[@hamstsorkxxor]

I strongly suspect that you are either Swedish or Norwegian? Classic nordic sibling rivalry :p

[@jettspeed4473]

The biggest take away from this is that I would absolutely listen to a podcast with you and alternatehistoryhub talking about lost land masses

[@wyolaskan1868]

I second this

[@ignemuton5500]

I figure this video was more about more ancient islands but i wanted to mention what i think is another very interesting lost landmass. Heracleion known by its egyptian name Thonis. It was a port city near Alexandria and it served as one of the main ports of the roman empire, it survived all the way to early muslim period of egypt (roughly 8th century). It would eventually be submerged totally because the soil liquified but i think its interesting because it survived far into recorded history and its importance was mostly forgotten.

[@zcholnk2943]

It’s crazy to think doggerland was still around when gobekli tepe was built

[@nickhassebrook9300]

feel like this guy is spraying himself with catnip before filming

[@The.Real.Reaper]

I really liked you went into the colonies of the former chains of Pacific Islands once above sea level. Using Universe Sandbox, lowering sea levels, I too noticed just how many of those islands would have been above sea level during the last ice age and beyond. Some argue the current islands are far too distant to randomly come across if the Pacific Islanders were to try that today or in recent history. But as you point out and is obvious to anyone seeing how many were above sea level in the past, it is very possible to colonize them in the distant past. Unfortunately, as you also point out, eventually, they would get smaller, further apart, or disappear under the ocean altogether. Just like sunken lands in the Atlantic, so too I suspect achient artifacts to be on those sunken islands, yet to be discovered. Those will likely continue to push the earliest colonization dates back thousands of years, if not 10s of thousands. Maybe even multiple times in the last 300,000 years of modern humans, adapting to climate change, ice ages, and sea level changes. Not to mention any related Earthquakes mega tsunamis, flooding, etc.

[@stevejohnson3357]

I noticed another big island off the Atlantic coast where the Isles de Madalyn survive today in the Gulf of St Laurence. But it would have been similar to the others.

[@AtlasPro1]

I noticed it too, but to be honest it really didn’t have much of a story to tell, it’s history would entirely be the same

[@AtlasPro1]

Its*

[@raylor.darkes.700]

In Rapa Nui, apart from the Mohais, there is a construction mural similar to the Incas in Cuzco, as well as stories from Spanish chroniclers about pre-Hispanic travels and existing legends in Mangareva.

[@S_B5]

alternate universes wondering what the world would look like if doggerland never existed

[@BenDBeast]

I really love this collaboration you both complete each other’s knowledge so well and I love just hearing you talk

[@ActionAlligator]

For sure! And the AlternateHistory guy's voice sounds like Louis C.K. lol

[@bastih.5264]

I actually didn't like his way of talking. To much "like", "ah", "you know"... it got a bit annoying.

[@bastih.5264]

​@tony is phony Yes I am aware of that. But still it was - at least for me - a bit of tiresome to listen to. There was another video by AtlasPro - I think it was about why the planet Kepler would have red plants - where he also had integrated an interview segment. And this was perfectly fine because it had a better flow and was easier on the ears. But anyways I do appreciate the content and the videos. So keep up with the great work y'all.

[@azzaKaiapoi]

Sweet potato, a staple throughout Polynesia, came from South America, so there was definite migration westwards across the Pacific at some point.

[@concretew]

Yes! The general consensus is Polynesians went to South America and then came back with kūmara. But how about meeting in the middle! I've heard (although I can't remember where :/ ) that the Māori name kūmara is similar to a native American name for it.

[@pavelmachytka5604]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/aF7Ke5emeNGehLc

[@sydhenderson6753]

While contemplating the Mascarine and Seychelles, remember the Seychelles are also home to giant tortoises who would have spread throughout the archipelago. In fact, there were giant tortoises on Mauritius and Reunion in the 18th century. The Reunion species lasted until 1840.

[@Buoya]

If Doggerland was around in the Viking times, I really think it would’ve improved the power of the Vikings and their influence on the world.

[@chrissiek8706]

Oooor, if Scandinavians would have all this land to work, raise animals and crops, essentially, be able to feed the population, they would not have such imminent need to go viking, so, it could be possibly entirely different culture!

[@ac-hh1pg]

we theorizing a germano-basque numenor ? The mascarene archipelago part blowing the caribbean out of the water! Amazing! Would love to see more collaborations between AHH & AP.

[@austinreed5805]

The detail of Earth in these videos is incredible. Keep up the great work!

[@mastertrams]

Just listening to the section where you're discussing the Vikings rampaging Dogger Island... Neither of you considered the possibility of the Dogger people being another version of the Vikings?

[@rahul17023]

I think he says it would have been more celtic or a mix of celtic and and viking cultures.

[@rashkavar]

For an interesting one gained and lost in more recent times is Ferdinandea/Graham Island (depending on who you ask) in the Mediterranean, near Sicily. It's popped up above the surface and been washed away 4 times since 300BC, and the most recent of these, in the 1800s, sparked a 4 way dispute over rule of the island between the Kingdom of Sicily, the United Kingdom, France, and another country that I can't find listed in my quick skimming of Wikipedia. This dispute lasted from shortly after its emergence in August until it once again fell beneath the waves in December, and was only resolved by the island's collapse making the dispute a moot point.

[@gwen6622]

9:43 the bretons and the welsh are indo-european though. celtic languages and cultures were much more widespread across europe before the spread of germanic and italic and things like that, but celtic is indo-european just like they are. in fact, celtic and italic are very closely related, possibly making up their own branch of indo-european

[@SupremeLeaderKimJong-un]

Why be an island when you can be a peninsula instead? *This post was sponsored by the Korea gang* why be isolated geographically, when you can be isolated politically?

[@craniusdominus8234]

I'm thinking that if the Dogger Island still existed and a sizeable population ended up trapped there, the would have had generations to watch their lands shrinking. That would give them a very strong incentive to develop a naval culture of their own very early on, as they lost more and more of their farming and hunting grounds and started to harvest the sea instead. By the time the middle ages come around, they might have actually reached a population level where their island wasn't enough to sustain their population and they'd start raiding instead.

[@representativejoints1188]

I imagine Ceaser would have been on that island long before norsemen. It could have been little england essentially and a weird buffer island between france and england. Edit: More than likely I imagine do to it's location Dogger island would be similiar to Brittany on a political level and perhaps culutural as well.

[@gabor6259]

*Caesar

[@representativejoints1188]

@@gabor6259*Salad

[@joshwagner4368]

Kinda surprised you didn't bring up any of the old seamounts from the Hawaiian hotspot that were once islands. On the same note, looking at the Aleutians with lower sea levels might have some interesting results.

[@Thundernugget]

Land bridge time baby!

[@AtlasPro1]

May I left out talking about the Hawaiian islands because they’re going to be the focus of the NEXT video 🤔

[@pace_18]

I know how hard it is to explain things like this flawlessly. Great job

[@m.streicher8286]

I bet the story of Atlantis was inspired by retellings of one of these events. Kinda like all the great flood stories we see through history.

[@rhodiumthunderbird]

Actually, Atlantis is a legend with an origin. It started from a story told in one of Plato’s dialogues, and was basically entirely allegorical, calling back to the destruction of Thera (modern Santorini) which was destroyed by a volcanic eruption.

[@Tokru86]

That's why there are so many storys of sunken lands around the world in nearly every culture that lives near an ocean, completely unrelated to Atlantis. Because these kinds of events happened often in human history and remained deep within cultural memory although they happened long before history got recorded. The same with the flood in the bible. In nearly every religion there is a flood event long long time ago. Even in the ones predating Christianity by millenia and separated geographically by thousands of kilometers..

[@bolbyballinger]

A city built on a shallow, sandy island + and underwater earthquake causing a tsunami = Atlantis.

[@bradfordhatch5085]

@@rhodiumthunderbird Then Dogger Bank was more Atlantis than Atlantis was, since it at least was in the Atlantic, where the tales *said* it was.

[@istvansipos9940]

The "You Know" drinking game would be absolutely, punishingly, brain destroyingly devastating in those unscripted chat parts. my favourite: "pre, you know, pre-germanic" and "you know, launch, you know"

[@Drebin169]

Great job on all of your videos, I always look forward to them. I love learning about lost islands and lands. Keep up the great work, you're so close to 1 million subscribers 😁

[@peterwolf4230]

Bizarre mentioning from AlternateHistoryHub regarding the Vikings as though they would be the only invaders of Doggerbank. If it was only a few meters higher, it would have been fairly similar to Britain: Celtic, then Roman, then Germanic before the Vikings ever appear. They wouldn't be time capsule islands.

[@ivory-immersions-games]

I usually don't listen to podcasts or really anything but music when I i work but I have been binging your channel for several hours while working on m map for my game. Thank you. 😊

[@xtinctube7283]

I have a question about Doggerland. There's the theory of a tsunami form Norway (Storregger) and the theory of a breaking glacial dam holding back the great lakes. Can anyone answer which it was?

[@DanCooper404]

Both

[@admiralpaco507]

In all probability it is a question of "which happened first". We have significant evidence of both the tsunami and the glacial dam break, either of which would have had the potential effect of finishing off Doggerland. That said, even without the tsunami Doggerland would almost definitely have sunk below the waves eventually.

[@21LAZgoo]

when was it said to happen

[@xtinctube7283]

@@admiralpaco507 oh I agree! It, like all of geology was just a mater of time. How I would love to have a submarine and visit the land there, collect archaeological data, fauna, flora evidence..

[@xtinctube7283]

@@21LAZgoo this is from Wikipedia and you can look into the glacial collapse that formed the great lakes yourself..As ice melted at the end of the last glacial period of the current ice age, sea levels rose and the land began to tilt in an isostatic adjustment as the huge weight of ice lessened. Doggerland eventually became submerged, cutting off what was previously the British peninsula from the European mainland by around 6500 BCE.[9][12] The Dogger Bank, an upland area of Doggerland, remained an island until at least 5000 BCE.[9][12] Key stages are now believed to have included the gradual evolution of a large tidal bay between eastern England and Dogger Bank by 9000 BCE and a rapid sea level rise thereafter, leading to Dogger Bank becoming an island and Britain becoming physically disconnected from the continent.[13]

[@blaineedwards8078]

Kitty wants to help Daddy....just too funny and adorable!

[@HB-zi3og]

Great video. I had no idea these islands were still present up until so recently. The Eastern Pacific stuff, in particular, is very thought provoking. One of the biggest mysteries of Eastern Polynesian prehistory is how the South American sweet potato made it into the area. It just "appeared" in the central Pacific area around 1200AD, and this particular genus of sweet potato, or Kumar, definitely came from S. America. No one is sure how. I studied Pacific prehistory at Auckland University and non of the prof's had any real idea other than Eastern Polynesians made it to S.America, at some point pre 1200AD and then took it back. Why go back if you've made it to the continent? Also, if they did, then wouldn't there be at least some Austronesian genetic markers in the west coastal S. American gene pool? These things tend to happen when different people's meet for the first time. Also, wouldn't there be accounts of this contact somewhere in the oral histories of Eastern Polynesia AND/OR Ecuador/Peru (where this particular genus of kumara comes from)? It sorta makes more sense for South Americans fleeing the continent (between 3000 and 1000 years ago), to make the shorter trip to Rapa nui, and then do some limited island hopping toward the Gambier and Tuomotu archipelago? They would be planting and tending sweet potato etc.. as a food source.wherever they land. They then probably slowly died out over the next few thousand years (perhaps as the islands sunk), then around 1200AD the first Eastern Polynesians made it as far East as Rapa nui and discovered the wild sweet potato, they'd left behind, on some of the remaining islands and took it back etc.. This hypothesis vould explain the lack of evidence of a South American presence in the Eastern Pacific - it's all on the sea bed! One problem I have is why didn't coral reefs form around the sinking islands? Is the water too cold? The whole thing is a really interesting line of thought though. Thanks for the vid. One problem

[@universeandyou]

The channel Stefan Milo recently did a video essay covering the topic of Polynesian and Native American pre-colonial contact which explores possible answers to some of these questions! kzbin.info/www/bejne/r5S1lIqBbNWApa8

[@yuraqmisi6463]

There is actually another ridge in South America, the Nazca ridge. It goes from the coast of Nazca, in Peru, all the way to the Salas y Gomez ridge, near the Desventuradas islands. It's basically two different ridges that are connected.

[@JustJory]

Weird to think about that islands would disappear in such a short period of time. Also I love your cat :D

[@Tokru86]

Islands like the ones in the North Sea and near Canada are prone to disappear very quickly because they are not made up of bedrock but just sediments. A single huge weather event like a storm surge can destroy thousands of square kilometers in a single day in such low lying lands. There are multiple occasions in recorded history of the middle ages where on single days dozens of villages and huge swaths of land got swept away during a storm. Some of them even changing the coastline in such drastic ways, creating new bays and islands which still exist in modern times. One example: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Marcellus%27s_flood

[@montikore]

KZbin's bleep blorp bloop bloops brought me here at 0740 after an all night dealing with trauma caused neuropathy...spasms, extreme pain, etc. This video has oddly soothed me and I'm looking forward to checking out more of your videos. Regards from Missouri friend!

[@loowyatt6463]

Bruh it's like being in one of my geography lessons, but I'm actually entertained and learning

[@timeflysintheshop]

I saw something about small mammoths on Wrangle Island ( near Alaska ) as well.

[@Japanthewoman]

It was pretty funny how you mentioned so many other videos you've made in this video. I think that also shows just how interconnected our world is and how much geography plays a part in all other parts of our history.

[@erikjonsson392]

I recently found your channel and I must say that I really love your videos (especially the Island biogeography miniseries) and the effort that you put into them. Keep it up bro

[@timreaves3921]

That Grand Bank island would be relatively warmer than areas to the west, but it sits in one of the most active storm tracks in the Western Hemisphere. Dying hurricanes would rake it during the late summer and fall, and in the winter, huge blizzards would be frequent. So I think it would be less hospitable than it seems.

[@TheOz91]

I would actually like to open a question since you mentioned how the Polynesians originated from Taiwan somehow. Recent things I encounter may dispute that including genetic research that shows how much of the modern people who now live in what is left of the Sundaland have descended from those who settled there around 70,000 years ago. Meanwhile, evidence of human settlement in Taiwan only dates back about 6500 BCE. It is a good possibility that while Taiwan became the nexus for the Austronesian language, the people who speak it more likely originated from the Sundaland and sailed there, most likely hopping from Luzon after hopping over from the rest of the archipelago and can be traced back to the Sundaland expansion (also, there is the fact that indigenous Taiwanese and Filipinos are closely related, and that indigenous Taiwanese and groups on mainland China are not at all). To me, there is good possibility that seafaring technologies were refined as a result of getting to Taiwan and back but have been developed way before then. I mean, it makes sense since the Meltwater Pulse would have given the biggest impetus to start making better vehicles to go on water. They would have seen so much land being reclaimed by the sea in a generation. Families might have been separated by the rising water, so some might have more motivation than others to make something that is better than simple rafts and canoes. Taiwan, then, would probably be the last stop before they go to the open ocean, and the technology would be spread across the islands, bringing back the Austronesian language which evolve to what we can hear spoken today. Taiwan may be the starting point for the wider Polynesian expansion, but the Polynesian themselves would have originated from all over Maritime Southeast Asia. The technology used on ships that would eventually conquer Samoa, Tonga, Guam, and Hawaii may have been the concerted effort of an entire region of people, not just that of Formosa/Taiwan, and would have roots from the Sundaland. This has also enabled the people to go East, as well, settling in the Seychelles and Madagascar. Of course, this is all just analysis from a laymen with certain biases and my information came from leisurely reading rather than any rigid scholarly research (even if the things I read and watched cite scholarly sources). I still think it's worth talking about since I find it amazing if I myself carrying at least some the genes of people who have lived here continuously for 70,000-ought years, cultivating things like the coconut, the banana, and the chicken, and had to deal with losing half of our land to the sea before braving it out to the sea in search of new lands or find old lands separated by new seas.

[@Farisss92]

That's because Sundaland was already populated when Taiwanese aboriginals descended south. The people who would make up the Negrito, Papuans, and Australian Aboriginals and many other native groups who are not Austronesians have already lived there for millenia, even back when it was a huge continental landmass connecting to Australia. When Taiwanese aboriginals descended south, the islands they encountered already have people living in it which makes sense when you look at the genetic makeup of maritime Southeast Asians, a mixture of Austronesian and the other non-Austronesian native people. If Taiwanese aboriginals were descended from Sundaland, they would also show the same genetic makeup especially some of those early Southeast Asian human genes but they have way more Austronesian genetic makeup which doesn't make sense. Rather, it makes sense that Austronesians in Taiwan sailed south to Sundaland - intermarried/mixed with the natives and their culture took over. It is likely that Austronesian culture that focused on seafaring and maritime lifestyle were considered more useful and people adapted to it. This also makes sense genetically since there were already people living in Sundaland so there are more genetic dispersals as opposed to Taiwan. The theory behind out of Sundaland is not as accepted in academic spaces because there are little genetic and linguistic proofs. Linguistically, when you trace how Austronesian languages are spread, you notice the trend of linguistic complexity and diversity, which reflects the migrating pattern of Austronesian people. Taiwanese Austronesian languages are complex and you can barely connect one to the other (huge diversity) whereas non-Taiwanese Austronesian languages are less complex and more connected to each other (less diversity). Rapa Nui language is more connected to Malagasy language than a Northern Taiwanese language to Southern Taiwanese language. It doesn't make sense for a language to be so interconnected (Sundaland) then become complex and more disconnected (Taiwan) and then become hyperconnected (Oceania) again. I think it makes even more sense that a language starts with being less disconnected (Taiwan), to more connected (Sundaland and Oceania). After all, not all Taiwanese aboriginal groups participated in Austronesian expansion so it would make sense for some of their language to have very little connection to other Austronesian languages outside of Taiwan. Then, there's whole genome sequencing that disproves the Out of Sundaland theory. That I feel is the most definitive proof around. Google "Reconstructing Austronesian population history in Island Southeast Asia", I think this study summarizes this point pretty well.

[@TheOz91]

@@Farisss92 So, it would make more sense to say that, in the 60,000 year history of the Sundaland, Sahul, and Taiwan, that people originally came to the Sundaland, spread up to the Filipino Archipelago, make their way to Taiwan, then bring back their language since they were the ones who initiated trade and brought (more) advanced seafaring technologies to the Malay Archipelago. To me, it still seems more likely that seafaring technologies have been developed all over the Malay Archipelago/Indonesian Islands quite early on not too long after the Meltwater Pulse which saw 1 kilometer of coastline disappear in one year, so entire regions would have disappeared within a few generations, which may have forced the adoption of watercraft in order to aid in survival. It's just that with the Taiwanese Aboriginals, they were able to develop more advanced sailing tech because they are on the Pacific Ocean and would have faced typhoons and much more extreme weather compared to those sailing between the islands of the Malay Archipelago (and Malaya, of course). These sailing technologies then was refined over the centuries since Malaccan and Javan ships became extremely impressive, outclassing any Chinese ship and even European sailing ships until the beginning of the Colonial Era. One thing I know is that there is so much intermixing between the peoples of Island Southeast Asia. I myself can trace my heritage to as far as the Celebes Islands and a few places in between--and that is only in the last few hundred years. It seems that trade and cultural exchange has been a thing for peoples of Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo and other islands for a while. The only places that are slightly isolated would be the Filipino Archipelago from the rest of the Indonesian Islands (which is why standard Malay and Indonesian, and Tagalog are not mutually intelligible though they kind of sound similar). There is still no denying that modern Malays and Indonesians have much of their genetic heritage can be traced back to the beginnings of human arrival in the Sundaland, though. Genetic research done with the Semang Orang Asli and 10 Malay sub-groups (the Kelantanese, Bugis, Banjarese, Javanese, Achehians, Minangese, Rawanese, Champans, and the Pattanis; of Malaya, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Java, Sumatra, Vietnam/Cambodia, and Southern Thailand/Malaya) shows that sizeable number of Malays contain mitrochondrial DNA that can trace back to 60,000 years, which means that Ethnic Malays are of the Sundaland. This disproves Peter Bellwood's Out of Taiwan Theory except for maybe the language or the basis of modern Malayo-Polynesian languages. So it would make sense that the Austronesian language came from Taiwan for the simple reason that they brought advanced technology and thus the ability to trade, thus the other groups in the region would be quick to adopt some kind of lingua franca or a common enough tongue to facilitate the trade even if the people themselves don't come from Taiwan. Which makes me curious of what language was spoken by the ancient Malayans, Javanese, etc. before the Taiwanese "invasion?" If the native people have been native there for more than 50 millenia, surely they would still want to speak their own language? In my formally untrained mind, it seems that Malayo-Polynesian are probably made of creoles between whatever the native language was with whatever the Taiwanese Aborigines spoke.

[@Farisss92]

@@TheOz91 for your first paragraph, I have no idea what you're referencing to. Clarify? If what I'm understanding is correct, you're reaching too hard to fit your explanation when the easiest explanation is right there (Occam's Razor). It's as easy as the people from Taiwan brought the language over and the technology - which gets morphed into society in Southeast Asia and further redeveloped to match Southeast Asian terrain and seawaters. Your conjecture on what happened isn't wrong but it's also not more likely than Taiwanese Aboriginals migrating south and bringing advanced technology for the existing native population. It's entirely normal for a population to not adapt to rising seawater and island isolation, the native Andamanese people remained isolated in their islands, so did Australian Aboriginals. Southeast Asian islands are fertile lands and rich in resources, pre-Austronesian natives had no need to develop seafaring ability for subsistence of small farming and hunter-gatherer communities. They could live in their islands for millennia before they even need to consider developing naval technology. Okay so your argument is modern Sundaland peoples contain pre-Austronesian native genes - which doesn't invalidate the Out of Taiwan theory. Firstly, the Out of Taiwan theory did not say the people of Sundaland originated in Taiwan, they said the language came from Taiwan. Big difference. Ethnicity =/= Language. Sometimes people get excited at the prospect of a new race known as Austronesian when in academic spaces, it's merely a language family. Secondly, my question remains unanswered - if Taiwanese aboriginals are from Sundaland, then why do they not have Semang, Senoi, and all the pre-Austronesian native genes if they are in fact descended from Sundaland? In my original comment, I wrote Taiwanese Aboriginals came south and INTERMARRIED with locals, bringing their customs and traditions with them. This way, it makes sense for Taiwanese Aboriginals to not have pre-Austronesian native gene while descendants of this intermarriage have both Austronesian and non-Austronesian genes. Orang Asli in Malaysia has their own languages and there are Papuan, Australo-Melanesian languages spoken throughout Southeast Asia, long before Austronesian expansion. They're just not in the spotlight anymore, just like how native languages are dying in America, in favor of English and Spanish. I also trace my lineage to Sumatra and Java but lineage tracing is a luxury of modern times. Austronesian expansion happened way way before anyone started tracing their heritage.

[@esotericpince]

i came here from alternate history hub and im already in love with your channel :)! seeing bits of the convo with him was really interesting too. your presentation and style of speaking makes me feel like a student sitting in on a lecture, not a kid watching a youtube video like i actually am

[@SupremeLeaderKimJong-un]

Forget Doggerland I'd rather live on Catterland where Mia is the Supreme Leader

[@onlytruejames]

9:45 just to clarify, the bretons and the Welsh are celtic, so they're Indo-European. Not sure if he was inferring that they aren't, just clarifying that.

[@smithyMcjoe]

Cody is one of my favourite youtubers, hands down. The powerhouse of a quality channel you could make between you is mad ;)

[@c_hanley]

42 minute video right before bed? Hell yes I’m showing up to work late tomorrow!

[@nikolamitrovic3841]

24:55 actually not the largest, Paleoloxodon Namadicus or colloquially know as Straight Tusked Elephant was a tad larger, native to East Asia.

[@lordrhino7026]

He didn’t say it was the largest mammal. He said it was the largest North American mammal.

[@nikolamitrovic3841]

@@lordrhino7026 yup, my bad

[@amaldrew3830]

I love your cat 😁🐈🤣. Always interrupting you while you're at work. Hope you'll make it into 1 million subscribers 🙌

[@1505627]

This video makes me wonder: is there any difference in Bio-diversity between underwater land that has never been above water, and land that has been above the water

[@tycramer5173]

Hey! Love your stuff. What app do you use for those blue and white pictures of the Earth that look real, but have Doggerland or other submerged areas superimposed?

[@ianeons9278]

If Zealandia existed, then it would probably be colonized by the Dutch and the population would Dutchanesian (Half Dutch half Polynesian) and today the country would be like the United States of the southern hemisphere.

[@blurelic4]

That's assuming if the Dutch would have been able to colonize or battle with a much larger Polynesian/Maori civilization.

[@shanefitzpatrick8377]

@@blurelic4 the Dutch held Indonesia for hundreds of years if they wanted to they could

[@StoneWeevil]

I never knew how much I needed a voice clip of Cody saying the word "boppin'" before now, thank you.

[@sagetmaster4]

My Geology advisor would always say "topography is instantaneous" anything you see going on at the surface other than the great plains is being driven by tectonic forces, otherwise it would've been eroded away. The Himalayas would be wiped out without a trace in about 50 million years and any other less significant land features would be gone much, much faster

[@unaizilla]

17:03 as a basque person this really puts a smile on my face

[@TWOCOWS1]

i LOVE your cat!!! Show Mia in all your productions. She adds so much more warmth. btw, can i ask where you get your precise land elevation contour data in order to plot them on a map? i ve been looking for just that like forever!! oh, elephants/mammoth cannot swim 5 miles in the ocean. the channel islands must have joined the mainland at some point--land subsidence?

[@jun2xweh]

more cat bloopers, please.

[@Fishtory]

I could watch this undefinitly lol thank you

[@ThatGuy-ec2qi]

42 minutes Atlas Pro video? F*ck yeah!

[@german_papuan]

9:45 The Bretons and the Welsh are Indo Europeans...

[@german_papuan]

and 10:52 The Anglo Saxons were before the vikings (and after the romans) (who conquered the land after the celts) (who conquered the land after the old europeans)

[@loupagine]

Your channel is one of my absolute favorites on KZbin, thank you for the job you do. You have completely changed how I see the world when I look at a map. And I love maps ❤

[@BrokenWish0825]

I am immediately in love with this cat.

[@chrisaguilera1564]

Dude...Dude....Dude....your content is insane. Who needs Netflix?

[@Mech-Mech]

What if that dogger-bank/island was where the legend of atlantis originated from? (Because we all know how bad we are at the telephone game)

[@ProfezorSnayp]

The legend of Atlantis is probably based on Minoan Crete then on some other distant island nation.

[@osvaldoabc6281]

16th comment. Never been so early.

[@go_went_gone6180]

This is the new flex

[@peggybrem2848]

I have wondered about the continental shelf extending from the Golden Gate west to the Faroe Islands. Satellite maps show a stream extending between the islands at the edge of the shelf all the way east thru the Golden Gate. I can imagine people living there😀

[@ambarrios5575]

What a cute kitty interruption. MIA IS ADORABLE

[@TheCalebMoline]

I just started bingeing on your content, which, by the way, is fascinating-and deep down, I *knew* you had to have a cat. 😹

[@principalmcvicker6530]

🎉Congrats on 1,000,000 subs!🎉

[@jackvalior]

Mia is a blessing! And so is this video!

[@gregwiens9146]

Great videos Cody I learn something new every time I watch.

[@Kinda_Rude]

I think the best reveal a youtuber can make is a pet reveal

[@_ozz]

Regarding the Basque fishing there, this is touched on in the book "Cod: A Biography of the Fish that Changed the World" with some support.

[@editorenbici]

So cool. Can you make a video about the last temperature maximum with high sea levels to see how was the world with a couple of more degrees please

[@goma3088]

Was pleasantly surprised by the cat! Made me smile. Thank you for not editing that out.

[@walorianfederation666]

Cat!!

[@timfriday9106]

I really liked this format, talking with someone else knowledgeable on the subject and each of you blowing each other's minds back and forth. was really enjoyable. to watch/listen to

[@Nassault]

Camped alone on all 4 of the Channel Islands (counting Anacapa as 1 island), and you would love them. Drank a bottle of Suntory and watched the moonrise at the Torrey Pine forest on Santa Rosa all by myself one night. 10/10, fucking love islands man. I would love to see you fund some crazy impossible expedition to scan these locations you mention for potential artifacts. I saw impossible because of course the Ocean is gigantic, these things are buried and the tech to find stuff in these circumstances doesn't really exist - but so cool knowing that under hundreds of feet of silt in an abysmal plain or on some bank is some petrified jewelry, pots and other belongings to people the world doesn't know ever existed.

[@MrBattlecharge]

Congrats on 100,000,000+ views!

[@XOPOIIIO]

Maybe it was Atlantis.

[@svenbrendancarlson4584]

This channel is absolutely amazing.

[@pheelickscanari904]

This is the Collab we needed

[@DontRobMe13]

0:20 I can relate to that special guess. Thx for using this shot. As a cat owner who participates in many online Meetings i had to Smile :)