What are Haplogroups and does it matter?

[@A_Koenig]

I love how you consistently manage to reconcile the scientific with the traditional - very Indo-European indeed!

[@evalunaluna5736]

basically science confirms all the ancient indoeuropean myths... look at the fact the grave of Aenes of Troy has been found in Latium, or the fact Schliemann discovered the City of Troy at the end of 1800.

[@ia8018]

indo-european is a linguistic category not genetic

[@evalunaluna5736]

@@ia8018 a linguistica category that follows only particolar nations with the same genetic pattern.

[@Italiangentleman2394]

Can't argue with science

[@rudeigin]

@Rex Paganus Oh my sky father! Your comment itself is some first class Indo-european syncretic thinking 👍🏻

[@robfictionwriter3310]

Haplogroup is only one line (either father to father or mother to mother). Therefore 6 out of your 8 grand parents will be not be represented in your haplogroups. So on an individual level haplogroups are limited. However, on a population level they are not. If 80% of men in population are R1b then that is significant.

[@AEye-zk2sb]

Rob Fiction Writer it's good to have more family members tested to get a bigger picture

[@robfictionwriter3310]

I think that would be a really good idea, sadly not many of my family left. DNA does open up a whole new dimension for family historians. I diid a video on haplogroups in the UK, problem is it is very difficult to do the topic justice.

[@YummYakitori]

2 out of 4 grandparents* not 6 out of 8. How the hell do you have 8 grandparents?

[@CaomhanOMurchadha]

@@AEye-zk2sb absolutely. They have made incredible discoveries in my family within the past couple years. Very exciting.

[@teofilol2666]

1 out of 4 grandparents if you're a female.

[@I_leave_mean_comments]

I'm G2a... which means the original neolithic farmers... which means the Indo-Europeans came in to my country and took my land. I WANT REPARATIONS!

[@denisdutka7967]

So am I. Mine is a branch that mixed with the Yamna R1b and R1a as they turned left onto Central Europe. G-L42 is mine and it was found 6 years ago in East Ukraine and Moldova. It's really sad that our line is almost entirely extinct. We are pretty rare. Almost my entire genetic makeup is strictly European, but realizing what happened to my paternal line all those years ago makes me uneasy. My current last name from my paternal line is in Southwest Poland, near Katowice.

[@I_leave_mean_comments]

@@denisdutka7967 "Mine is a branch that mixed with the Yamna R1b and R1a as they turned left onto Central Europe" Ahh... so you're not the REAL G2a then? You're a G2a race traitor! Your ancestors went along with the R1a/b invaders! You owe me reparations!!

[@taokuoh6805]

How do you find out your haplogroups?

[@I_leave_mean_comments]

@@taokuoh6805 DNA test.

[@taokuoh6805]

@@I_leave_mean_comments Ooh there dodgy. But I do wanna know the exact break down of the haplogroup. But if Northwestern Europeans are all the same then it doesn't matter I suppose.

[@Adrian-kz2hs]

It's okay to be lactose-tolerant.

[@TarebossT]

a very indo-european lactose-tolerant

[@13bravoredleg18]

Adrian Your comment made me shit my pants!😳

[@palebluedot7435]

Common in blacks as well lol need for cows in recent years least common in Asians

[@andresbautista8920]

Milk is for baby cows

[@nondvcordvco4244]

I'm R-L-21

[@flake452]

Its okay to be Indo-European.

[@earlefrost5512]

Its also ok to be any group of humans at all. We are all equal in all the things that really and truly count.

[@christofergeriel5168]

Islam Islam, actually, they were steppe knights from the Bronze Age.

[@aluapzurc2]

@@earlefrost5512 Go away woman

[@SinghSaab62456]

@@crazycosco5657 great calculation, that was the real world before islam, where every body living peacefully with harmony, islamic cult has to go, muslim should covert to Christen or they should go back to there old belief.

[@SinghSaab62456]

@@dr.lexwinter8604 German also believe in vedas before 2000 ago. a large group of Hindus also worship Vedas instead of Idol.

[@slappy8941]

It's okay to be R1a.

[@sjorsvanhens]

Very R1a

[@wilmer89]

mfw R1b...

[@catinbowler3387]

R1b df19 here

[@DigoronKavkaz]

R1a Pamiri here

[@grabarzowaty]

I1a here. R1 you have to go back.

[@ruseriberarebel2425]

Thank you for being so rigourous, and at the same time, being so easy to understand in your explanations. It sheds a lot of light.

[@joelastlight7162]

In the past we had Corded Ware people.Time moves on and we evolve into Tupperware people.......great just great.

[@mememem]

I don't know about you but I'm more of a Globular Amphora person myself.

[@weansardman]

Joe Lastlight pffft...I’m one of the casserole dishware people. Haha

[@muddywaters8706]

My wet pallet for model painting is an old tupperware container, I'll have to paint up some plastic Corded Ware mini's and complete the cycle. We're Doomed.

[@WeAreSMC96]

To be honest I haven’t really evolved from the pyrex people… but I heard we are somehow related

[@Damremont18]

And how do they tie into the Malware people???!!! A sinister evolution attributable only to environmental factors, I'm sure. Fascinating.

[@Jamestele1]

I appreciate your measured, academic, and respectful treatment of these topics. As an adoptee/ bastard, I enjoy hearing your lectures/ videos on European cultures/origins (They remind me of my favorite University classes). Many "academics" ignore or even belittle the European ancient history. I love all cultrue, from Mesopotamia to Nordic paganism. So this is a great place to hang out, take a break, change my altitude, and learn.

[@Jamestele1]

I mean "culture". My spelling is shite!

[@shuvayougoswami1162]

same, different cultures are just fun to learn about. living in a county like india i've always been surrounded by a plethora of communities

[@BListHistory]

Jesus, the amount of research you put into this. It was very interesting, thank you

[@bajsbrev4651]

Please do not mention that hebrew here.

[@mememem]

Oy vey not the Nazarene you're triggering my asthma

[@Odo55]

Jesus was involved in the research ?

[@useodyseeorbitchute9450]

@@Odo55 Who knows? Maybe the research team had a Latino named so? :D

[@trikebeatstrexnodiff]

@@bajsbrev4651 I'm sorry but why exactly are you telling his ethnicity for? For racist purposes?

[@backpressure123]

Good point. Haplogroups only trace two lines (dad's dad's dad's and mom's mom's mom's) out of thousands of lines that make up your genealogical pyramid.

[@andalucish]

It's not that simple you share around 2% of your genome, similar to what you’d share with second cousins, with people who have the same haplogroup as you. This is because you both descend from the same direct paternal ancestors, who also carry that same 2%. Meanwhile, your other ancestors' genetic contributions have diluted over generations, leaving you with 0% shared DNA from them. However, you retain about 1-2% shared DNA with a paternal ancestor from 3,000 years ago, who is also an ancestor of your neighbor with the same haplogroup. Since the Y chromosome doesn’t recombine, it accumulates thousands of unique mutations over time. For reference, it only takes two mutations in the OCA2 gene to develop blue eyes.

[@SasukeUchiha-pv4xn]

I was always confused with wtf is a haplogroup and how they work in genetic population studies as there was so much contradictory information . You just simplified it for me thanx man you earned a sub. Keep up the amazing work

[@beachnap]

STJ is my favorite channel on KZbin. Your videos are always so engaging, educational and high quality. 👌🏻

[@redtony58]

I'm very proud of my happygroup. We get together and drink mead , tell stories , carouse and have fun.

[@danielelliott95]

I-M253? Same!!

[@anyakosta364]

Wow so Mjöd is mead huh? In Russian it reads as honey And one of the original drinks was from honey......

[@anyakosta364]

@Banankaka Ärgott its interesting.....Russian name for bear Is mjöd ved literally translates as the one that knows honung....haha Vet in Swedish is to know also huh We use ved ...its close But we do use other Russian word to say know the old Russian or slavic is known to us but we dont use it much in a convo....yet....other different countries areas may do....all depends where you live....maybe

[@anyakosta364]

@Banankaka Ärgott Of course we are connected The name of Svei...... Is now day Russian name svoi..... Which in all western slavic means Theirs aka deras......and in old Norse Has the same meaning.....but in Russian it has 2 meanings....still now Theirs is a different name in Russian all together....and matches the western slavic word But svoi means mine of my own and hence also means ours....our own Svoi exactly means of my own people Lol haha ......I would assume people that moved west used this word without wanting to associate Lol......

[@anyakosta364]

@Banankaka Ärgott wooo ya that makes my day too and thank you I was born in Ukraine and have been to the sea of Asov and all over Crimea....and the recent gossip that I heard in Stockholm Sweden cause I also live there on and off was that the Vikings have a connection to the asov sea area....or the huns.... And yeah....the people of above have a look like a dark swedish person so does the dark Irish....dark Ukrainian more looks like an lighter skin indian person....and another thing when I was growing up in Ukraine...it was very hard to find a Ukrainian or Russian of one blood....all had different admixture...due to recent wars or a moving order....its like my blood is omg german Greek Jewish Tatar polish...and most my friends around me were the same.... So it's not very hard for me to imagine what the steppe were like Haha there are evidence in Russian old scriptures...the language was mixed with turk...aka tartar like or Turkish.....its very very complex the mid European ir east European....issues.....we are all mostly mixed heavenly up to date 😊

[@eliinthewolverinestate6729]

R1b had boats and R1a had horses. One took land route one took sea route from Caspian sea area.

[@brynstarkiller7419]

Your videos are fascinating & you deserve a tv series on history channel.I have learnt so much.Thank you so much.

[@snowfall8845]

I cannot get enough of your videos. I feel like you are taking me on a journey to finding out who I (we) really am, Thank you.

[@leornendeealdenglisc]

Wow. A lot to take in. Great video, Tom. Congrats on the 25,000! :)

[@derlinclair4867]

A very detailed, and accurate explanation of Haplogroups, my dear sir.Merci beauoup, mon cher ami, and God bless you,and Happy Holidays!

[@rememberedroots4196]

we must remember the roots ov our tree

[@akherverullunjuk1954]

The I1s and I2s seem to be some of the most vulnerable European y haplogroups, and I hope they along with other y haplogroups are preserved at least in some way.

[@brew7595]

Congratulations on 25,000 subscribers lad.

[@greyhoundsintheslips3713]

Hi boi

[@grimmfaerytaels6171]

There was no mention of the British or Irish ever being Celts ever throughout history till 1707. Discuss.

[@nikkid4890]

30k now

[@rememberedroots4196]

we must remember the roots ov our tree

[@il-yi2lo]

Traitor

[@Jessinblackandwhite]

My father’s haplogroup is R-DF98 which mostly found in England, but if I trace it back it seems to come from the Harz mountains in Germany

[@richardmorgan1058]

The father-to-son descent has always spoken to me on a spiritual level. It seems to be a natural instinct to care about it.

[@davidborden3181]

Same. Once when I was a kid, my neighborhood friends and I were all going over our ethnicity, well everyone but myself. They all wanted to tell me I'm just English, but that struck me as being wrong for some reason. For the first time ever I deeply thought about my origins, and literally fjords and cold weather blew through my mind. I told them that I thought we might be something close to German, but they didn't really respond positively or at all to that. Many years later I found out that, after having a lifelong affinity for (but no notions of relation to) Norse culture, that our paternal line traces back 1000 years to a Norman knight who fought under William the Conqueror. Now, I haven't proved that he himself was the descendant of Norsemen instead of Carolingians or some other group belonging to Williams army, but we do get anywhere from 2-22% Scandinavian and will get a high match to Normandy families. I still feel like the originators of my family name were Norse, and have had nothing but confirmation through the facts i've uncovered about my family but all in all I do think that theres something deep within us that we have yet to fully understand that is locked within our male and female ancestral lines. On the same thought I always had an oddly strong affinity for the Middle East, and my maternal haplogroup ended up being HV which is very common among people from Iraq.

[@JoeyDediashvili]

David Borden we are from former soviet Georgia (the Caucasus) my mom is HV and we do have some genetic ties to Iraq according to 23andMe which has been pinpoint accurate in terms of the Georgian cities we descend from.

[@TheSlimshady1919]

joey dediashvili it's weird for me because my dad is European while my mom is middle eastern and North African. It feels strange on how I should identify. I feel white like my dad sometimes, but also not white like my mom, it's like I don't know what I am, if that makes sense.

[@JoeyDediashvili]

ReAlMVP definitely. Most Georgian people walk the same line. Most are dark haired and light-dark skin. It makes it harder to identify but on a separate note, we are all human and the more I meditate the more I see my brother or sister in any human of any origin. Ultimately you are who you are from the inside, not so much the out. That’s my philosophy at least.

[@TheSlimshady1919]

joey dediashvili definitely agree with you on that. It's true we are all family. I just got really curious in my genetics because I'm mixed race and wanted to know more about both sides. It turns out my Ydna is r1a z93, with my dad having roots from Poland and east Germany. While my moms mtdna is j1 with roots in Israel and morroco. My autosomal DNA showed a lot of Arab west Asian North African and also small sub Saharan African on my moms side, and pretty much all European on my dads side, but 2% central Asian. I'm thinking it's maybe from having r1a z93 haplogroup which seems common in Central Asia but not Europe.

[@theodoricthegoth4027]

As Varg has said “If you want to know who you are, look in a mirror.”

[@TimtheEnchanter25]

@@Jordi_Llopis_i_Torregrosa96 He`s right with that point though, is he not? A mirror is a true DNA test.

[@baldroinnsson783]

​@@Jordi_Llopis_i_Torregrosa96the point is that it just matter the person who is infront of the mirror...nothing more

[@KloseEnkounter]

More historians should publish information for the public like this. Thank you for bringing the power of knowledge to us commoners

[@rowly119]

I am also i1 and it was nice to hear a bit more about the ancient history of this haplogroup. Thanks for a fascinating video

[@kakibackup2koujo612]

I1 is mostly germanic nordic

[@based6819]

@@kakibackup2koujo612 Not Germanic, ancient European. Germanic, Latin, Celtic is R1b.

[@kakibackup2koujo612]

@Zivojin Zivojinovic Aware of that. I am talking about where it has the highest frequency, today ,which is in germanic populations, especially common in the nordic countries, the Netherlands, western Finland and northen Germany with the peak in Sweden. As for R1b yes it is probably connected to the spread of indo European languages including the develoment of germanic in northen europe based on the population studies that have come out, but i won’t make any definitive statements and claims to we have more data on it.

[@based6819]

@@kakibackup2koujo612 Oh, ok then. Didn't understand you there.

[@lukerayner1866]

I am R-Z30, this places me on a 10,000 year old subsection of the R1 specifically mapped to Britain and the Frisian region. My maternal line is U5a1a1. The group that crossed the doggerland, down to Devon, and back up to London. DNA testing is such a fantastic lens into the past and it really does add a depth to the human condition when you look at the land you are standing on and know it has your blood deep within it.

[@valamerkozlowski7915]

hello cousin my mother is also U5a1a1 but I am from Poland. My father haplo is R1a-z284. he was also polish

[@mamavswild]

What test did you take that got this complex? I would like to take it

[@GTMarmot]

Interesting, thanks. So haplogroups can definitely give us reliable information on prehistoric patrilineal migrations.

[@jcrowviral]

My haplogroup is i2a1 L161.1 I come from an unbroken line of men who inhabited the British Isles during the mesolithic period and probably built Stonehenge and other megalithic structures there. My gramps descended from Western Ireland where around 5% of men still carry this ancient haplogroup.

[@senchamacrae50]

So many fascinating Europeans before the Indo-Europeans.

[@Mihaylovich]

I2a is common in the Balkans. Tho a different version.

[@scotbotvideos]

@@Mihaylovich i2a2a here in western Scotland.

[@محمد-ط8ص9ذ]

@@scotbotvideos my brotha I am I-s12195 which apparently was found in southern Russia in yamnaya men but we are both i2. But I’m so confused I’m Arab I don’t know how I have yamnaya ancestry

[@eytharburhan8869]

@@Mihaylovich that's why people of Balkans have slightly Celtic faces

[@norellleung]

I appreciate that you dove right into why i clicked on this video in the first place and didn't precede it with a pretentious greeting / intro that I find myself skipping past in a lot of other youtube videos thanks.

[@celtofcanaanesurix2245]

I do like the thought that my paternal ancestors managed to get their line through despite invading Indo-Europeans throughout the centuries. With a rare haplogroup like I2a2b

[@AEye-zk2sb]

Same here ;)

[@gp2272]

Celt of Canaan Esurix Me too!!,

[@combatantezoteric2965]

I2a is also one of the main haplogroups in my country - Romania, and it has been here for over 6000 years. It is responsible for the neolithic cultures from Cucuteni, Cri ș-Starcevo, Gumelnița, Boian etc. I think I may share this haplogroup along with the indo-european r1b, brought here by the thracians ( but also later by the slavs ).

[@jcrowviral]

I2a1b from Ireland. I2 persisted on the fringes of Europe over many successive migrations. We're descendants of diehard men.

[@less3117]

My haplogroups are U5b1b1 and I1a, strongly Scandinavian influenced, predominately Sweden and Śami peoples. As an Englishman and a Londoner this as fascinating to me.

[@pickxd2035]

The Sami have N1c.

[@bernicia-sc2iw]

Exploring your YDNA is an incredible journey to go on . And it never really stops as there are always new results (ancient and modern) to contend with.

[@ethanmiller4807]

you need to do a video on the out of africa theory, i know your audience would be very interested to get your take on it

[@masterofcoin1883]

The original white flight

[@masterofcoin1883]

@M. Ygr. It was a joke

[@algonzalez6853]

@passius1 you mean as in they have more lineages?

[@kevinayusa]

@@algonzalez6853 no what that means, their lineage is "older" compared to the others

[@feiliormia]

@Matthew Simmons "Not many can tell the difference between a Nigerian and a Kenyan" So then your entire argument hinges off the fact that you' personally are unfamiliar with Africa, which is why you think they're all the same. Of course you're more familiar with Europe than Africa as someone who probably grew up in the west and was constantly exposed to western culture, but that's just your perception. Even many Americans can't distinguish between Scottish and Irish culture lol. "In my opinion whites are the most diverse race" Not genetically lol. It's a known fact that Africa has more genetic diversity than the rest of the world combined, not that this is an objectively good or bad thing.

[@PaperParade]

As a woman, I don’t know my paternal haplogroup and my father passed away so unless I can convince my uncle to do genetic testing, I’ll likely never know. But interestingly, my maternal haplogroup is a bit uncommon and the second most common place it’s found is also where I know my maternal grandmother’s heritage comes from. And looking into her maiden name, I found many others who immigrated to the US from the same town in Scotland within 30 years of one of my own ancestors. All that said, it’s just cool to confirm historical information with this genetic information and tells me my maternal ancestry must have a long history in at least the British isles.

[@TotalFreedomTTT-pk9st]

Hopefully without refuting the purpose of the video - Scotland is basically composed of R1b (70%) and I1 and R1a (30%) and essentially you are mostly that - good chance your Dad was one of those 3 (most likely R1b) and yes - women of different Haplogroups mated in with R1b and I1 and R1a but how much ? You 'look' Scottish ... or Welsh or English or Irish or ....but could be Danish or Estonian etc Seems to me that all of us should carry some type of identifier from the very beginning - like why does 'nature' throw out the male haplogroup when you (chemically) became a girl vs boy - or me (as a guy) would not 'carry' the mitochondrial DNA even though I became a guy - so the sperm hits the egg and where does all that information go ? and what determines guy or girl ? if once determined does the 'body' just delete the male or female info ? My point is maybe you actually have the 'male haplogroup' still stored in a genetic file from your Dad's sperm

[@LawrenceMclean]

The Breeding bias events can be better understood when you keep in mind populations were much smaller in those ancient times. This is a very good explanation.

[@MeanBeanComedy]

I'm R1a-Y57. It's mattered to me because it means I'm not descended from a male line starting in England, despite most of my blood being from there. My patrilineal ancestors descended from Scythians.

[@minmodsefa]

That's not what it means at all.

[@MeanBeanComedy]

@@minmodsefa Yes, it does. 🙄🙄🙄

[@jmaaybraak]

One of the reasons I look into ur comment section is to see if Varg has posted a reply! 😅 Luv ur content, sir. Well done, yet again.

[@joechamberlain8618]

J May I think they've had a falling out

[@jmaaybraak]

Joe Chamberlain Oh wow, well, that's unfortunate then. Sorry for the stepping on of the toes, mate...of his toes, I mean lol

[@TarebossT]

Varg is Neanderthal n shiet...

[@Sehlan-jw2cm]

R1a is also found in Southeast Asia at low frequencies.

[@akherverullunjuk1954]

And perhaps Aboriginal North Australian populations.

[@sanjibmukherjee8484]

R1a and R1b are supposed to be from common ancestor R(IN central asia, or from eurasian steppe).we and our r1b brothers were very close if they didnt deny us.we are also from indo europeon family(or the west eurasian group).

[@songio77]

Speaking about the Aeneid, Virgil connected Augustus to the mythical Trojan hero not for the hero himself but because Aeneas was son of a mortal man and an immortal goddess. His father was Anchises, cousin of Troy's king Priam, and his mother was Aphrodite, Venus for the Romans. The epic poem was written to sustain the divine descent of Augustus, a way to legitimize his power and glorify his predestination to be emperor.

[@vecvan]

And then the immortal Goddess moved into the father's household i it? lol

[@heatherlefaye2600]

Mine is H6, I don't know my paternal haplogroup because my father passed when I was 13. No siblings from him but his brother is still alive.

[@LIBERTASetVERITA5]

Did anyone notice, that the haplogroups pretty much fit with the "unscientific" subracial maps of Europe?

[@eternalhistory4706]

No because if you take a *European* with the european version of E1B1 lets say E1b1V13 (Neolithic European) with a North African with the North african version (EM83) they would look nothing alike) The European would most look more "Palish" or maybe like a grey, yellowish tone. In other words looking like a caucasian or white person, of course the North African would mostly look like a North African. The same can be said for any Indian or Pakistani that scores R1a like a slavic person would also score R1a - Haplogroups do not determine race at all.

[@OkurkaBinLadin]

@@eternalhistory4706 Lol, you just rephrased everything he said, buddy. He talks about EUROPE. While you had to resort to Africa and south Asia, lol.

[@pw3229]

Has to do more with EEF vs euopean hunter gatherer dna. These are correlated with different haplogroups. Of course R haplogroups dominate across Europe

[@CostantinoVercetti]

@Historia Antiqua Exactly this. People need to understand that E1b1 or the J haplogroups (most commonly assossiated with the EEF) have nothing to do with the Afro-Asiatics/Semites. Also they didn't originate in the Levant or Africa, but in the Caucasus as you said.

[@ayahadam8299]

@@CostantinoVercetti E1b1 originated in east africa east african tribes have the highest frequency of e1b1b E is the most common haplogroup in africa are you saying all the black africans in west east South and north africa originated in the caucus region that means blacks are caucus people i dont believe that

[@sabrik3885]

I belong to haplogroup R-YP5018 (R1a2), the very first line to split off from R1a. The oldest aDNA sample belonging to my line is from a 9,000 year old individual from Deveinka, Mesolithic Ukraine. It's the 3rd oldest R1a sample ever found and predates even Proto-Indo-Europeans.

[@pickxd2035]

It should not be Ukraine, but Samara.And where are you from, what country and what nationality?

[@genoshistoria3487]

Very cool you belong to this haplogroup.

[@xxxfirehuunterxxx]

"Last chromosome determines your sex" Transsexuals triggered

[@fallout1953]

@@Richard_is_cool No shit.

[@freckleheckler6311]

Richard S. no they are the same 😂🤦🏻‍♂️

[@Slaweniskadela]

To this day this remains my favourite video on the topic. Thank You :)

[@joldendoves2795]

Absolutely the most interesting person on KZbin.

[@Survivethejive]

*Corrections/clarifications* -I1 did not come with EEF farmers, but was not originally the main haplogroup among Western Hunter Gatherers (others such as C1a and C1a2 were more common) however I1 evolved in Europe and is derived from IJ (a West Asian haplogroup). -I1 was not found among Yamnaya, but I2 was found. Earliest I1 found so far comes from Corded Ware samples which were IE -as for r1b - here is a useful new blog post on the subject eurogenes.blogspot.se/2017/11/whos-your-proto-daddy-western-europeans.html

[@eRoNNNNNN]

I know this genetic research is super interesting, believe me, but you have to be careful with it. I'm an archaeology MA student currently and wanted to do my dissertation on similar themes, regarding evidence for female hypergamy (by looking at which haplo groups become predominant after cultural contacts and which men were being chosen) to discern the social dominance of a new group over another, specifically the success of the Neolithic farmers over the mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Britain. I've been told by multiple professors that my dissertation idea, while interesting, is not possible to do at this time due to this field still being deep in its infancy, and if i remember correctly, altogether from the holocene to the end of the prehistoric era, (10,000 years), there are 50-60 genetic samples in total (from europe). This means, while we can look at what modern populations have, to ascribe certain links to genetic populations is currently extremely tenuous, and the strictest of parsimony is required. We have the technology but the data currently is really lacking to be able to make firm conclusions.

[@Survivethejive]

Both haplogroup and ancient autosomal DNA evidence are very useful for understanding European origins. In terms of the latter, although there may be a limited amount of ancient samples available, there are many modern samples and all the constituent parts of modern Europeans are now accounted for in ancient populations. When even older samples are found, we can find out about even older populations who founded the ones we currently know about, but for your professors to dismiss genetic archaeology in this way is hasty.

[@sacredsoma]

Correct me if I am wrong about this, but 50 -60 samples in total in Europe, as mentioned by eRoN means that all that is needed for these speculations about what the Yamnaya looked like or the western hunter gatherers etc. is just an additional 3 to 5 remains which would be different, the assumption that what has remained is representative doesn't seem sound. Thanks again though love the channel

[@jadevalo9995]

Take Dna test and Make a video about your Dna test.

[@853dlg]

What do you think of Z-2103 majority of the Yamnaya men were Z-2103 but it is very rare in Western Europe, modern day European R1b are all under L-51 which is a seperate branch from Z-2013 if Yamnaya are the forefathers of the European R1b then why is Z2103 is lacking in Western Europe? I would like to hear your opinion on this :)

[@north-iranidtraditionalist6785]

This is a fantastic video. Thanks for clearing this up.

[@krishenjalali3266]

It really is a tragedy that some people have used genetics for horrific political ends, and that it has made many more have a knee-jerk to any discussion about it. We should treasure the fact that we can now learn so much about how we came to be who we are, and how exactly different peoples from across the world are connected.

[@josemaurosantos1531]

José's DNA indicates that 58% of his ancestry comes from Africa. Africa 58% Europe 35% Western Europe 18% Germany, France and the Netherlands British Isles Iberia 8% Italy 5% Northern Italy South-Central Italy Eastern Europe 4% Americas 7%José's DNA indicates that 58% of his ancestry comes from Africa. Africa 58% Costa da Mina 39% West Africa 9% East Africa 5% Great Lakes Region (Eastern Bantu Peoples) Western Kenya Send < 3% Senegambia < 3% Mbuti < 2% Europe 35% Americas 7. ........Paternal Lineage Your haplogroup is: I Born between 35 and 28 thousand years ago, haplogroup I represents one of the first peoples in Europe, having several descendant lineages that spread throughout the European territory during the last Ice Age, having its maximum frequency in the Balkans. It is one of the most numerous haplogroups among European men, being the second largest paternal lineage found on the continent (second only to the R lineage). Its I1 branch is related to Nordic Europe, ancestral to the Germanic and Viking tribes, while I2 is strongly related to Neolithic cultures. Y-chromosomal Adam 160 to 120 thousand years A: Africa 140 to 90 thousand years BT: Africa 85 to 60 thousand years CT: Africa 80 to 60 thousand years CF: Out of Africa 75 to 60 thousand years F: Exit from Africa 62 to 57 thousand years IJ: Parent haplogroup of I and J 45 to 30 thousand years I: Eastern Eurasia 35 to 28 thousand yearsMaternal Lineage Your haplogroup is: A Haplogroup A emerged in Asia around 40 to 60 thousand years ago. Descending from the N lineage, representatives of this haplogroup can be found from Central Asia to Siberia and regions of the Americas. This lineage is believed to have originated in Asia and headed towards America, passing through the Bering Strait during the last Glacial Period. Mitochondrial Eve 200 to 99 thousand years L1: Africa 170 to 100 thousand years L3: Africa 105 to 80 thousand years N: Exit from Africa 80 to 60 thousand years A: Asia and the Americas 60 to 40 thousand years.....Brasil 🇧🇷

[@josemaurosantos1531]

Na verdade estamos conectados des de quando O criador nos fez no jardim do edem

[@rosumella]

As an italian who's not so fluent in english I'm having some difficulties in understanding everything you say in the video, can you please suggest me some reading material?

[@bills1967]

Sul Google 😂

[@joshuddin897]

Kamasutra

[@rosumella]

Thanks and fuck u all! ;)

[@andriacolonna8264]

Put it on a slower speed. I’m only Italian 100% by dna so I can’t write in Italian. Sorry Lolol

[@MrZOMBIE170]

I have Haplogroup R-cts4466 from my dad which i think is a subtype of R1A my dads DNA test said 100% Scottish and northern Irish (Ulster Irish which is Scottish)

[@lionheart5078]

Im R1a-L260 west slavic. Where my slavs at?

[@YouKingofTube]

In hea! and Slav no Slave!

[@frogmanthelibertarian1482]

@anonymous boy25 with DNA tests

[@pgetheelderscrollsturkiye68]

Dude i have one one of the rarest, r1b from ancient greek dorian invasion, hell of a branch thats so minor by population impact yet had one of the biggest impacts in human history, by creating the classical greece as we know.

[@محمدالامريكي-ج9م]

R1a reporting in 💂‍♂

[@davidwright6591]

I1 hunter gatherer here, don't hurt me Jive

[@wj287]

bet you're E3b.

[@marcvsivnivsbrvtvs]

I'm I1 (or I-M253, as it is called today) as well. Greetings from Poland, where I1 is quite rare!

[@ot23234]

Yer sister is I1 too, but your nieces and nephews won't be!

[@davidwright6591]

@@wj287 what makes you say that

[@wj287]

@@davidwright6591 because i know you don't know your haplogroup and everyone wants to be the exclusively scandinavian one. For some odd reason.

[@BrunusRicieri]

“what’s now Turkey” well said

[@Homoclassicus]

Dude, get back to the real world: Turkish people are 90% of old Anatolian stock. The invading Turks left a small contribution to their DNA, at most 10% to 15%. The same happened in many other places of the world: Romans in Sardinia, Magyars in Hungary, Bulgars in Bulgaria and so on. Get your facts straight, unless you prefer the "excitement" of these silly conspiracy theories.

[@simurgsimurg3316]

Game James you google christian atrocities and see what you werent taught.

[@Homoclassicus]

A lot of war, plunder and murder, yes, but no large holocaust, otherwise the genetic makeup of Turkey's population wouldn't be so thoroughly Anatolian/Caucasian as it is. These are facts, not fanciful stories based loosely on historic documents.

[@simurgsimurg3316]

please send me some links for those historic documents.

[@Homoclassicus]

You didn't understand the point of my message: I said that accounts of "Byzantine holocaust" are only loosely based on some (often exaggerated) historic documents, but the genetics of the people of Turkey falsify that over the top narrative. Yes, a lot of warfare, violence and some depopulation did happen, but modern Turks are overwhelmingly (at least 80%) descendants of the same individuals who already lived in Anatolia before the Turks established their sultanates there.

[@auraledgereal]

In the Behistun Inscription King Darius mentioned his paternal lineage. And also In the Rabatak Inscription of Afghanistan, King Kanishka mentioned his paternal lineage too. Both of them were Indo Europeans. King Darius is a Persian King Kanishka is a Kushan, most likely a descent of The Indo European speaking Tocharians.

[@zadeh79]

Haplogroups are good to use (carefully) as tracers, not to racialize populations. This is because much of the early founders of Caucasoid related haplogroups homogenized through history within West Asia/Levant. It was at one time, deep in history, the carriers of many of these Haplogroups were widely divergent.

[@oala1019]

so then. all that aside; as a fellow I-M253 paternal haplogroup sharer, does this mean that you and I *could* , _in theory_ , have a common ancestor....? of course! Why, Brother! *Bring us some Mead!!!*

[@danielweibel1229]

A haplogroup tells only something about a single ancestry line, either the patrilineal (Y-DNA) or matrilineal (mtDNA) one, but not about all the other ancestry lines and our overall genetic makeup. For example, we have four grandparents, that is, four different families from which we inherit our traits in equal parts. However, the haplogroups can tell only something about two of these four lines of ancestry (the father-side grandfather and the mother-side grandmother). If we go back 10 generations (250 years), then we have 2^10=1024 ancestors, that is, 1024 distinct lines of ancestry. Again, the haplogroups tell only something about two out of all these 1024 lines of ancestry that contribute to our genetic makeup. The matrilineal and patrilineal lines are basically arbitrary among all the ancestry lines. They have biologically not more significance in defining who we are than the thousands of other ancestry lines that we have. Unless you attribute, for whatever reasons, a special importance to the purely patrilineal or matrilineal lines, as explained in the video, but this is completely arbitrary and ideological. In contrast to haplogroups, an autosomal DNA (atDNA) test takes into account all ancestry lines, and thus gives a picture of our overall genetic setup. This can be used, for example, to estimate where certain percentages of our ancestors came from. But all this has been explained well in the video, especially that haplogroups don't tell much about our overall genetic makeup (but can be used for other purposes).

[@SmokingOz-nd4ew]

It is absolutely wild and mind blowing to me that an ethnicity in Sri Lanka as an average are 51.3% R haplogroup dominant (38.5% R2 and 12.8% R1a). I was reading about haplogroups the other day and the rabbit hole led me to South Asia. Its utterly fascinating seeing these ancient cousins build their glorious civilisation over thousands of years far away from us on a tiny island on the other side of Earth.

[@nostalgia9945]

I need to do a research paper for my university in the medical field and due to the fact your videos are so inspirational, I'm going to base my paper on the Genetics field. Thank you!

[@michellemurphy895]

How did you get on with your medical research paper in genetics? 😊

[@emZee1994]

7:13 you're I1, I'm I1 too. The coolest thing about that to me is that that means we share a common male ancestor. In my eyes we are extended family 🥰

[@Povest1389]

I'm also I1, greetings from Serbia! (:

[@emZee1994]

@@Povest1389 that's incredible! I'm from Montenegro originally. Living in Australia now

[@Povest1389]

@@emZee1994 Damn! My brother! Are you from Drobnjak or Macura tribe? I'm connected with Macura tribe, they're of Ostrogothic ancestry, but i know that Drobnjaci are I1 too.

[@emZee1994]

@@Povest1389 Wow I'm impressed, yeh I'm Drobnjak tribe. How did you learn about that? Took me forever to uncover that information

[@afsharkaghan5534]

@@emZee1994 Are you Turkish? I am also Turkish and my Hablogroup is also I1.

[@Ayo.Ajisafe]

Bro you got a dope voice.

[@ikke2757]

R1b1a2a1a2a1b3 and HV0 was quite a surprise, being a Black Caribbean man. Thank you for your post. Learnt a lot from it!

[@akherverullunjuk1954]

Wow. You have both a paternal AND maternal line very closely related to certain paternal and maternal lines which seem to be nearly unique to Europe, and yet you are a black Caribbean man? I used to feel very strange for almost certainly having a European paternal lineage despite being at least half non-European ancestrally speaking. I do not know for certain what y-haplogroup my paternal lineage would be considered. Nor do I know what haplogroup my mtDNA would be considered. But still, that I would likely be almost the only person with a paternal lineage anything very similar to mine, should I move to the non-European country I have much ancestry from, seems a little strange, though perhaps of little to no meaning. Sorry if you read this and it wasted your time to do so.

[@andalucish]

Well blackness is only melanin

[@Antipodean33]

Swedes in the Congo? I thought it was the Belgians ;)

[@whoreofdragonstone1031]

Haha

[@nightdark2616]

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandal_Kingdom

[@RobinHood-tw4se]

At around 11 mins. you discuss Y-HG I and how it may have come in with the farmers. However, according to sample "Paglicci 33" found in Italy circa 33,000 years ago, he carried Y-HG I. There is also much evidence for I and its subclades being present in mesolithic Europe pre-agriculture. Meanwhile, most samples that I am aware of in the Near East at the time belonged to E1b. The sister clade J seems present in the Caucasus region around that time though. Perhaps a pre-farming movement of people from the Balkans or northern Caucasus deeper into Europe during this time? Great video overall.

[@christopherellis2663]

So, who is your father? A very important question!

[@toms3898]

I 2nd the early comment on how much study must be involved in this topic. Really interesting as usual. Nice to see your subscribers growing!

[@snokehusk223]

I was prominent during the ice age so how could it come with farmers? Itbis one of oldest Europan haplogroups?

[@melissabordenave7003]

Finally, I found a video that actually makes sense. Thank you very much. Good job explaining things.

[@robinchandler4870]

Haplogroups can give us some clues to likely admixture especially when used with additional informations.

[@Survivethejive]

a clue, but a potentially misleading one.

[@robinchandler4870]

Survive the Jive certainly, yes. On the whole another excellent video from Survive the Jive 👍

[@richardkramer1094]

You voiced my sentiments on DNA exactly. Among my direct ancestors (grandfathers) are William the Conqueror, Alfred the Great, Rollo First Duke of Normandy, Charlemagne, and Norwegians back into the 6th century. Oddly enough my haplogroup is I-M438 which is a subgroup of I2 which comprises people on the existing rim of the sunken Doggerland yet originated in Serbia and Croatia and were the tallest people on the EuroAsia continent. Point being DNA doesn’t really mean much because, as stated below, you only inherit DNA from 2 of your 4 grandparents, 2 of your 8 great grandparents, 2 of your 16 great great grandparents, etc, etc. Well presented!

[@countessratzass5408]

I’m descended from the Prilosecs on my mother’s side and the Crestors on my paternal side.

[@suigeneris2663]

Everyone knows the real origin of the Master Race is Big Pharma.

[@BaronLipton]

Hey brother, looking forward to your next video. Keep up the good work, mate.

[@zyeklonbey3545]

9:10 caught yourself there. It will always be Anatolia in my heart!

[@johnrogan9420]

N1a1a seems to come from Anatolia...Queen Noor of Jordan

[@ET-jb1he]

lol losers

[@robertbrumfitt6548]

I think this is one of your best videos. Good stuff

[@lallyoisin]

Remains found in Dolmens all over the world (4000 - 1000BCE) This seems like an interesting study for someone in the know! Korea north and south India (all over the south) Middle east Caucasus region in Russia China Africa Europe Spain, France, Ireland, England, Portugal, Wales, Germany, Turkey, Bulgaria, Italy (Sardinia + Sicily) and the Netherlands. North America (NY state) Canada

[@adrianschroder4847]

These days genes and genetic research are so overly misrepresented by the media and everything tries to sell you the same "Genetic Essentialism" bollocks, glad you explain everything in a very understandable way yet emphasise the relativity of the human genetic makeup. Keep it up mate!

[@JonahInWales]

I only subbed to your channel yesterday, and then you bring this out....Happy I subbed! :D Thanks Jive!

[@PadraigOConaire]

Very interesting. I agree with your point about haplogroups most importantly telling us about ancient migration patterns. I see it that a new group is created with isolation from another group through migration, i.e. embarking on a new path. This would predominantly have to do with following a new food source which could arise from climate change, the invention of a new technology etc. This is probably simplistic but as you said the R group spread with the mammoth hunters. Did the N haplogroup spread with the reindeer hunters, R1b with the goat herders, C with the coastal raft people, the I group with the cro magnon hunters, and E with the neolithic farmers?

[@jacobflematti3325]

Weird but interesting note, we kind of look alike. I have quite a bit of English DNA as well as German, with a bit of Norwegian. I remember watching a video where doppelgangers tested their dna and found that they really didn't share that much, so I guess it's not all that significant. Still, I always find it quite interesting when I see someone whom I can somewhat see myself in. Sort of eerie, as if your watching an alternate you.

[@kikiriki3309]

So basically like this. My grandfather's is almost certainly I2. My grandfather had 4 sons. And his 4 sons produced 6 daughters and 1 son. My 5 cousins and I are dead ends, and my brother is the only one with the proof of my grandpa's lineage. But our genetics is still the same. Interesting.

[@DjordjeDjuricSRB]

i am I2a mixed with R1a before coming to Balkan so i am Aryan South Slav lol. I had blonde hair as kid like my father uncle grandpa brother…

[@c4rt3ls.]

You Croatia? You must have different haplogroups! Your more white people are R1a?!? The more darker type is supposedly I2a1 ...

[@DjordjeDjuricSRB]

@@c4rt3ls. nope i2a dinaric is also white, i am i2a mixed with R1a i had blonde hair as child later hair got darker. i am 196cm tall and that is normal for I2a haplogroup and white also, i got a bit darker skin because i am constantly exposed to sun .

[@DjordjeDjuricSRB]

@@c4rt3ls. btw i am from Serbia not Croatia

[@twinkthatloveslotrtrilogy7676]

I2a1b3 here

[@beppo1953]

First class presentation of a difficult subject

[@angeladoolan9116]

Hi. I'm thinking that mitochondria, driving every cell of the body, has a much more significant effect on the individual than you describe...

[@michaelgermanovsky1793]

Hi, I'm curious: 23 and me says my paternal haplogroup is I-Z6238. It also says it's rare, because only 1 out of 1400 people has it on 23 and me. Meanwhile, I found that a person who lived 1000 years ago had a haplogroup I-Z63. Does that mean we share similar haplogroup or is it a totally separate haplogroup? Can I claim that this person is a distant relative?

[@codycigar9854]

1) The Way of the World 2) Survive the Jive 3) Woesey 4) Mortal Humanity Ranked in order of importance.

[@TilveranWrites]

Masaman does some interesting videos on ethnicities of the world. Plus the relevant history. No political garbage, keeps it interesting, just the essentials. Covers some very interesting places.

[@snowfrosty1]

Cody Cigar Y’all should check out TREY the Explainer as well.

[@cei3286]

Haplogroups are a way to see back in time your past lives

[@jesseball4764]

My haplogroup helped me find where my paternal line comes from. My last name is ball but my grandfather's real dad was a Graham. The Grahams I found come from the boarder lands of scotland and england. Then I found my mark R1b-l1066 was found close to Edinbough in a beaker grave who lived between 12 to 15 hundred bc. So to me this is evidence that is very possible that my male line comes from a celtic group that lived in that area. But whats even cooler is how along they have been there.

[@shanekonarson]

Can you do a follow up Vid on the I - M223 haplogroup which I believe is one of the oldest in Europe

[@xxxfirehuunterxxx]

Had to say: VERY INDO EUROPEAN

[@livingstranger]

What’s interesting is- if all Europeans are essentially tied by blood, especially Celts and Germanic tribes, why are they so different in culture; Irish/Scots prize leisure and arts and Germans prize ingenuity and order. Why is that?

[@liquidoxygen819]

Maybe accrued mutations since divergence?

[@WisdomPrevails369]

He's obsessed with Indo European 6:57 lol we love this man.

[@tongobong1]

I agree that haplogroup of an individual person can be very misleading but haplogroup distribution in a country can be very accurate about what haplogroups ancestors of that person belonged so the distribution can define who we are.

[@larpingastheduchyofburgund337]

I found out recently that the Sovayard region of France has a lot of Germanic Y DNA Haplogroups possible because of the Burgundians settling in that region. Is that because they are only Germanic or is it because the Burgundians most likely mixed in with the native Gallo Roman women?

[@antonteodor6305]

Today the haplogroup may be an important part of how we perceive ourselves. As far as I see it though, this role was previously filled by language; for instance we Romanians speak a Romance language and see ourselves as different from our Slavic- and Hungarian-speaking neighbours for this reason, although the actual ethnic differences are small.

[@madeinengland1212]

Something that is stable and passed on must have an important function. Adaptation to light: food or disease perhaps. Quantum biology is finding answers mitochondrial haplogroup definitely adapted to latitude. Inefficient energy coupling allowed higher heat production.

[@WilAdams]

Two notes. A) the major reason that the wealth/power passed from father to son was because it was believed that the women were too contained (at home) to commit adultery (obviously--see Catherine Howard) so it was a pretty good bet that the genes of the father were passing on. We do see, from rumors, that Livia is supposed to have murdered ALL of Augustus's male heirs so that her son, Tiberius would become Emperor--which as we know led directly to Caligula taking the position right after Tiberius 'died'.

[@mormoncounternarrative8927]

Interesting presentation. My mitochondrial haplogroup is X2 which is connected to some strange migrations like the Great Lakes area and were at some point believed to be European a few thousand years ago. I’ll need to get my dad or brothers to do a DNA test to get my Y haplogroup.

[@bille7585]

GREAT VIDEOS 'Survive the Jive' !!! Keep it up

[@mukhumor]

My father is R1b. My mother is U5.