Battle of Varna 1444 - Ottoman Empire DOCUMENTARY

Kings and Generals began remaking its animated historical documentary on the history of the Ottoman empire with the early rise of the Ottoman beylik under Osman I. In the first video we covered the early origins of the beylik, its status among the Muslim states in Anatolia and its early clashes against the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire at Bapheus and Dimbos in 1302 ( • Rise of the Ottoman Em... ). The second episode showed how they became a regional power with the continued battles against the Byzantines and other states, including the siege of Prusa (Bursa) and the battle of Pelekanon ( • How the Ottomans Took ... ). As the Ottoman entered the Balkans, they had to face the Serbian Empire and the Second Bulgarian Empire, leading to the battles like Maritsa in 1371 ( • Maritsa 1371 - End of ... ). The Ottomans continued expanding both in Europe and Asia, leading to many conflicts, including the Karamanids, culminating at the battle of Frenkyazisi in 1387 ( • Ottoman Expansion in A... ). As the Ottomans managed to defeat their enemies in Anatolia, they now had time to fight against the burgeoning Balkan alliance that formed against them with Lazar Hrebeljanovic of the Moravian Serbia at its head. His confrontation with the sultan Murad I would led to the battle of Kosovo in 1389 ( • Battle of Kosovo 1389 ... ). In the aftermath of Kosovo, Bayezid I continued campaigns in Anatolia and the Balkans. The events in Anatolia culminated at the battle of Kirdilim of 1391, where the Sultan defeats his Turkic opponents led by Kadi Burhaneddin. The Ottomans became the sultans of Rum getting the title of the Seljuks ( • How the Ottomans Becam... ). Afterwards the Sultan continued campaigning in Europe, leading to the major Ottoman defeat at Rovine in 1395 against the Voivode of Wallachia, Mircea the Elder ( • First Major Ottoman De... ). Despite that, the Ottoman advance in Europe continued and to counter it, the king of Hungary Sigismund called a crusade joined by many nobles and retinues from the Balkans, France and beyond. This led to a crusade and the battle of Nicopolis in 1396 ( • How the Ottomans Defea... ). In the aftermath, Bayezid had a free rein and he blockaded Constantinople. The Roman emperor Manuel II Palaiologos decided to travel to Europe to get help, but got no help in the West ( • Roman Emperor Gets No ... ). But with the Ottoman expansion in Anatolia, Bayezid was on a collision course with another conqueror - Timur, which led to the battle of Ankara in 1402 ( • Battle of Ankara 1402 ... ). In the aftermath, the civil war of interregnum between the sons of Bayezid almost destroyed the Ottomans ( • Civil War That Almost ... ). Mehmed I won the civil war and he and his son Murad I continued the expansion, leading to the siege of Constantinople in 1422 ( • Ottoman Conquest of Th... ). Although it failed, the Ottoman expansion continued in Epirus, Albania and during the siege of Thessalonica ( • Ottoman Conquest of Th... ). As a result, more European powers became interested in fighting the Ottomans, leading to the rise of John Hunyadi and the beginning of the Varna Crusade ( • Rise of John Hunyadi -... ), and the pivotal battle of Varna in 1444.
🎥 Join our KZbin members and patrons to unlock exclusive content! Our community is currently enjoying deep dives into the First Punic War, Pacific War, history of Prussia, Italian Unification Wars, Russo-Japanese War, Albigensian Crusade, and Xenophon’s Anabasis. Become a part of this exclusive circle: / @kingsandgenerals or patron: / kingsandgenerals and Paypal www.paypal.com... as well!
Battle of Manzikert 1071 - • First Crusade: Battle ...
Creation of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum - • First Crusade: Partiti...
Battle of Nicaea 1097 - • Princes' Crusade Begin...
Battle of Dorylaeum 1097 - • Battle of Dorylaeum 10...
Sack of Constantinople 1204 - • Sack of Constantinople...
What Was Lost in the Sack of Constantinople - • What Was Lost in the S...
Third Crusade 1189-1192: From Hattin to Jaffa - • Third Crusade 1189-119...
Medieval Battles - • Early Muslim Expansion...
The video was made by Ilhan Altunkaya, while the script was written by Ege Güneş ( / ottomanhistoryhub . This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & kzbin.info/door/.... The art was created by Nargiz Isaeva. Machinimas by MalayArcher on Total War: Attila engine.
Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsou...
Sources: docs.google.co...
#Documentary #Ottomans #Hunyadi

[@KingsandGenerals]

🎥 Join our KZbin members and patrons to unlock exclusive content! Our community is currently enjoying deep dives into the First Punic War, Pacific War, history of Prussia, Italian Unification Wars, Russo-Japanese War, Albigensian Crusade, and Xenophon’s Anabasis. Become a part of this exclusive circle: kzbin.info/door/MmaBzfCCwZ2KqaBJjkj0fwjoin or patron: www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals and Paypal www.paypal.com/paypalme/kingsandgenerals as well!

[@Vuks8]

Hello Kings and Generals, I heard you mention a couple of times that Skenderbeg (real name Alexander) was Albanian. He is from the Raban mountain region i.e Arbanon you can say, but he has nothing to do with Siptar Albanians as they are today. He is Serbian, as well as his either family, a medieval noble family from the Serbian empire. In addition, he only wrote in Serbian. The deliberate attempt to create a national hero for the newly created Austrian state of Albania in 1913 was nothing other than Austro- Hungarian propaganda to undermine the Kingdom of Serbia's claims to these lands and access to the sea. We know of course what happened in 1914 of course. If anyone does a little in depth look the either heritage there is Serbian.

[@guard6069]

@@Vuks8 Least Nationalist Serbian be like:

[@Vuks8]

@@guard6069 lol it's just a historical fact. Just highlighting it.

[@guard6069]

@@Vuks8 His real name was Gjergj Kastrioti, he was part of the Kastrioti Albanian noble family, sent as a hostage to the Ottoman court. The Ottomans gave him a name, اسکندر بگ (İskender bey or İskender beğ), meaning "Lord Alexander", or "Leader Alexander". Skënderbeu and Skënderbej are the Albanian versions, with Skander being the Albanian form of "Alexander".

[@Vuks8]

@@guard6069 Ah, that's still an Albanization, it's George. His father they call Gjon, but even Albanian historians cite his name is Jovan( Serbian). Look at his mother's name and all his brothers and sisters- Serbian names.

[@dragonrykr]

And that folks is when Europa Universalis IV begins, right after the Battle of Varna

[@dHempfler]

Exactly! 11.xi.1444 right after the battle. I think about another eu4 run...

[@goldenfiberwheat238]

Technically during as it starts on November 11th and there was still fighting on that day

[@gaberobison680]

If only EU4 wasn’t solved with the exact same strategy every time or modeled cavalry better

[@malchir4036]

6:33 It's Skanderbro! Legendary ally if you want to beat the ottomans.

[@LorenzSinclair]

​@SB-qm5wg no, it is good still

[@iexist3919]

I like the addition of blood where heavy fighting takes place. It makes the clash seem even more impactful.

[@abasudoh7459]

Ottomans: We're so done! King of Poland foolishly charges Ottomans: We're so back!

[@talusn9405]

What a coward the Sultan of Turkey was that he didn't take up the fight against the Polish King, but had to send someone to replace him because he was probably full of pants when he saw the King of Poland attacking him, even on his own. But the Turks will probably say something different anyway. We all know that the Sultan's guard attacked him from an ambush, where is the Honor of your Kings, Turks, and if the situation were reversed, the King of Poland would fight the Sultan 1 on 1.

[@KhalDrogo493]

@@talusn9405 One of the delights of being a Turk is tasting such quality🧂time to time. Thank you man, don't forget to hate us more and write another hateful comment.

[@talusn9405]

@@KhalDrogo493 I'm talking about your king in this movie, not you

[@talusn9405]

@@KhalDrogo493 this theory was popular among the inhabitants of various countries for a long period after the king's death, and it resulted from the fact that Władysław's body was never found. This gave rise to numerous versions of the story about the escape of the king, who wanted to atone for breaking the 10-year ceasefire negotiated with the Turks in Szeged[12]. There are various legends about the Varna's presence in various places in Europe, including: in Santiago de Compostela or Madeira. There were also impostors pretending to be the dead king, such as Jan of Wilczyna[13]. Today, most historians reject the possibility that the king survived the battle, citing Khoja Effendi's record of sending the king's severed head to the sultan. Here is the king's death according to this account:

[@efeaydinli25]

@@talusn9405 BOOO stfu

[@apollosdomain]

Ottoman Officials in Edirne: Please Sultan come back we need you. Murad ll: No I’ve already abdicated. Edirne officials: But.. Murad ll: It’s my son’s problem idk. Mehmed ll: Dad as the new Sultan I’m ordering you to take up arms and protect us. Murad ll: Fine. Edirne officials: Yay.

[@SirPeterKozlov]

Mehmed II: Dad, come back to the capital and lead the army, c'mon! Murad II: I said no! Mehmed II: Ok, you leave me no choice. Sultan of the Ottoman Empire says what? Murad II: What?...OH DAMMIT, FINE.

[@Xazamas]

"If you are the Sultan, you must return to defend the realm. If I am the Sultan, I order you to return and defend the realm." (Actual quote, paraphrased from memory.)

[@alexisdespland4939]

@@SirPeterKozlov now how about trying to do a similiar thing about the europeans mid battle strategic musings

[@brm5844]

Kid named finger:

[@sarpyasar5893]

Knights trying not to straight up charge against the enemy without a plan: Impossible.

[@b3ygghsas]

To be fair, during the middle ages just charging with the cavalry worked 90% of the time

[@sarpyasar5893]

@@b3ygghsas Against a bunch of peasant infantry or other feudal levies that was an effective tactic but when the enemy is a professional army and there are clear warnings against straight up charging at them coming from experienced generals, that is just a bad idea

[@Rizwanz484]

​@@sarpyasar5893 Agreed , maybe they NoMad culture is already gone but it still the Turk

[@jrezecordero7943]

​@@Rizwanz484 Booo

[@ballsmasher3000]

​@@b3ygghsasdude they janissaries. One the most desiplined of the time. And also had one of the best technology like cannons

[@akshatparag2884]

Mehmed II;"If you are the Sultan come and lead the armies if I am the sultan I order you to come and lead the armies!".

[@neilfox3208]

It was definitely a good argument

[@bnbgezgini]

This has not happened. It is a tale...

[@mertozkanist]

@@bnbgezginiKardeşim bizim medeniyet olarak sorunumuz bu. Adamlar efsanelerini film yapıp gerçek diye dünyaya franchise eder, biz rivayeti bile belgesi yok diye yok sayarız. Bırak şanımız yürüsün 😅

[@LiezAllLiez]

Its a good story, but a 12 year old would never write a letter this profound. Faker than a pair of Hollywood tits.

[@klclaslan6546]

​@@mertozkanistçok haklısın adamsın reis

[@hellheaven-dy2bz]

The fact that Murad challenged the pope for another round is insane

[@00700A]

Władysław could be a hero of Christians and build a big dynasty but he chose to win Darwin award.

[@Alexq79-]

Pride is a terrifying drawback

[@haraldsigurdsson1232]

He bet all or nothing and lost. Like me on Belgia vs Slovakia..

[@imawormbeforeiamman6052]

​@@haraldsigurdsson1232like me on Swiss vs Italy. Just my bad luck. Sh!!!t

[@giulio11235]

@@imawormbeforeiamman6052imagine betting for this italy to win ☠️

[@cba2make1up]

Think of the story he could tell if his epic last charge succeeded tho

[@sirunklydunk8861]

Man I hope Mr. Hizir got a bunch of money, drugs, or really whatever the hell he wanted after saving the battle like that

[@kingkong2415]

imagine, there is this one psycho, who is waiting for his whole life, to split somebody in two halfs with his axe

[@benimtelefoncaliyor1dk]

Murad II , who twice abdicated , was the most engaging character among all the sultans , a great warrior but also a great lover of the arts and philosophy .

[@robbabcock_]

It's a sign of a great leader that all he wanted to retire to enjoy his golden years and spend them in study and prayer, yet repeatedly accepted the call to duty in defense of his people.

[@darkvader8222]

Mehmed the Conqueror 💀

[@hydrolifetech7911]

​@@darkvader8222he did conquer Constantinople

[@dHempfler]

Bro, im Polish and you really made the best coverage of this battle on whole yt. I love it! ❤

[@daniellobo4915]

This has been one of the best series you have produced.

[@ahmadyounas7372]

Kings and generals pls make a video of Khalid bin walid

[@KingsandGenerals]

@@ahmadyounas7372 we have it on the channel

[@M-vz8po]

i second that

[@IFAMILYIH]

@@KingsandGeneralswhen will the next part of Murad the second be on the channel?

[@realmalik]

Varna 1444 made Otttoman Empire the superpower for next 3 centuries. This battle is among the top 10 most decisive battles of the world. ❤

[@cihanturan7398]

Murad II is one of the most underrated sultans of the Ottoman Empire. He won two great victories against the Christian crosses. (Varna and the 2nd Kosovo war.)

[@Seloading]

Sultanlıktan vazgeçip genç oğluna şans vermesi de öyle herkesin yapabileceği bir şey değil.

[@Yannick-lo5ei]

He won cuz the others made a stupid mistake. Not because he was so good lol

[@JosmanLeonelVielmaPuente]

​@@Yannick-lo5eien la segunda Batalla de Kosovo ,los Cruzados no tuvieron excusas ya que no cometieron el mismo error que cometieron en la batalla de Varna, en esa Batalla Murat los vencio limpiamente

[@stmc2618]

@@Yannick-lo5ei he was good that's why he was able to keep ottoman throne for that long and expand the empire throughout his reign yes battle of varna was hard on him but he still won even when his army retreated he was brave enough to stay for that long

[@MML-gk5xc]

@@JosmanLeonelVielmaPuente À win is a win

[@Tyrach.]

After the Crusade of Varna, the Ottoman Sultan Murad II wrote to the Pope "If you are ready for another round, you know where to find me"

[@Uzair_Of_Babylon465]

Badboy

[@kralpetarkrescimeriv.terpi6043]

Yeah.. Right 🤣🤣🤣🤣

[@u12nnas]

Can you provide a source please. I'm trying to find it on Google, but I can't seem to find any mention of it. Many thanks. 😊

[@AmirSatt]

It was revealed to me in dream. No need to thank me

[@robertojrantonio3443]

Popes are still here. No more ottoman sultans though. Another round?

[@tkling5909]

Another idiotic move by the crusaders at the last moment that ruined the battle. I swear Hunyadi must be feeling the same pain that Sigismund felt almost 50 years ago. Kings of Hungary have a curse of incompetent allies.

[@RexOlafusVidulusMagnus]

... Władysław III was King of Hungary though, not Janos 😅

[@TurquazCannabiz]

One of my favorite and most iconic wars of Ottoman history. It's not a coincidence that this is the starting date of EU4 ;)

[@andrewhunt9808]

And this is why Europa Universalis IV starts on the 11th of November, the day after this battle.

[@okancanarslan3730]

I did not know crusader army could not take much support from other Christian states and the Genoese actually helped Ottomans to cross the strait. Ottoman wars were much more complicated than a straight Muslim-Christian religious war.

[@ugr6749]

Cenevizliler Venediklilerin bölgedeki etkisini arttırmasından endişe duydukları için Osmanlıya destek oldular.

[@trevornorfolk3103]

Especially for the Orthodox's kingdoms, they have some reasons to still not fully trust their catholic allies.

[@lao-shang2326]

9:07 Mehmed II is a genius to write such a thing in age of 12

[@TurquazCannabiz]

The first line of Ottoman sultans really was something else

[@MASTERMIND-mr6er]

maybe its his vizier.

[@batikayhan8048]

That letter is a lie he didnt want to give power back to his father but veziers force him to do

[@lao-shang2326]

@@batikayhan8048 yes the letter is an absolute lie nothing to argue about that. But it does not change the fact that Mehmed is a genius.

[@orka6848]

He conquered Istanbul at his 21.

[@KingInTheNNorth]

Aha, so that's why every playthrough beginning of Hungary in EU4 is cursed.

[@MASTERMIND-mr6er]

lol

[@ReconByBBs]

Hey, I’m from Varna and awesome video! We have a memorial park commemorating the battle called Vladislav Varnenchik

[@nenenindonu]

Murad II, defeated Crusade coalitions, weakened much of the Balkan kingdoms for future incursions, cemented Turkish presence in Thrace, paved way for Mehmed the Conqueror. class reign.

[@RexOlafusVidulusMagnus]

Also got defeated by Crusader coalitions but yeah...

[@muhammadfahimrahman6204]

​@@RexOlafusVidulusMagnusWho was defeated by coalition? Mehmet?

[@arda213]

@@muhammadfahimrahman6204 He is referring to 1443 campaigns but their outcomes have all been eclipsed by battle of Varna. Hungary and Poland were practically fucked after this defeat.

[@muhammadfahimrahman6204]

@@arda213 Ohh. Yeah, Hungary stopped being a major Player in europe after this and only reemerged durning dual monarchy period

[@RexOlafusVidulusMagnus]

@@muhammadfahimrahman6204 mate, Matthias Corvinus (l1443-1490), who reigned after Władysław III, is considered to have been arguably the most powerful Hungarian King ever. Unlike Suleyman the Magnificent and his sucessors, Matthias conquered Vienna, Styria, Moravia and Silesia from the Habsburgs some 30-40 years after Varna. Matthias' Black Army even beat the Ottomans at the Battle of Breadfield 1479. Hungary only stopped to play an important independent role after Mohacs 1526.

[@germanturkguy4249]

Another great Ottoman video. My Favorite series.

[@TheAdrian229]

The charge that killed polish empire ... so infamous that we still call Wladyslaw III, Wladyslaw of Varna, what a disgrace... i hate this battle 😢 Probably my biggest what if of history. What if Wladyslaw of Varna won, Poland would unify with Hungary and Lithuania, and Moldova, and probably Balkan states later. Byzantine capital might not have fallen and Ottomans would enter Europe, Russia would probably never become empire it later did, and all central European history would be completely different. Damn now i need to play eu4 again and create that scenario

[@sidp5381]

Fun fact : Waladyslaw is the son of Jogaila of Lithuania who beat the Teutonic knights at Grunwald. When will you guys redo this one lol

[@KingsandGenerals]

that is a deep cut. still not sure how to run that series. will happen at some point

[@kosa9662]

Yeah, Jogaila scorred gigantic win at Grunwald aganist Teutonic Order, his son probably wanted to make glory for himself. And that was his doom

[@RexOlafusVidulusMagnus]

@@kosa9662 indeed, most Polish historians argue Władysław III wanted to eclipse the glory his father gained at the Battle of Grunwald 34 years earlier.

[@bugra320]

Poles always talk about King Sobieski against Ottoman in Vienna but they avoid talking about this battle 😄

[@skatemo100]

Probably because Islam never recovered after the failed siege of Vienna and went on to eventually go on a steep decline that has had vast geopolitical consequences on the region to this day.

[@bugra320]

​@@skatemo100 Also this battle has a significance in the history. It was the last crusade that Christians lost their hope of pushing the Turks out of Balkans

[@kosa9662]

​@@bugra320Turks were pushed out of Balkans... And currently, Turks will become minority in its own country. We shall see who will laugh at last :)

[@Hasanbas-rv3vm]

@@skatemo100islam rules europe now! Why do you think there is no statue of sobreski in vienna 😊

[@badiciekrem7655]

@@skatemo100 islam never recovered?? wtf do u mean dude? u mean the religion or the turkish/islamic expansion towards Poland?? If u meant the latter then I can get it despite eastern europe have a sizable amount of muslims. In religion sense, islam is the fastest growing religion

[@ReaperCH90]

it's always impressive how often the Ottoman empire could have crumbled in its beginning, had their opponents acted more cautious at certain times.

[@ikielinsesi1843]

Almost all of these videos taking Christians as the source. Not the Muslims. The numbers,what happened in battles are always deliberately depicted as "Muslims couldn't win a shit over Christianity if God hasn't punished us for our pride" or some shit. All Christian propaganda to depict Ottomans' achievements as nothing important.

[@SunInsanity]

I would encourage considering the opposite side, where it is impressive how severely the Ottomans were able to punish military/strategic failures of their early enemies.

[@MDP1702]

@@ikielinsesi1843 overconfidence/pride is a pretty recurring thing among European knights, not just against the Muslims but also in inter-christians conflicts. It really sounds like many knight were brought up with the idea of being better/battle being more a "game" for prestige than life of death, potentially because the knights often got captured and ransomed when possible and not necessarily outright killed. And well, even today young people often are more hotheads then older people, so it wouldn't be weird for that to also be true in the past. European armies in medieval times also were pretty small, with a strong well-equiped and well trained core and enlargened when necessary by lesser trained levies, though overall this last contingent is generally avoided when not deemed necessary (like for planned invasions or minor conflicts). Ottomans generally relied much more on bigger troop amount with still also an elite core, but much more lesser trained/equiped levies. Though this obviously wasn't always the case.

[@ikielinsesi1843]

@@MDP1702 Ottomans generally relying on bigger troops are what Christians say. Ottoman numbers are way different than what Christians say.

[@hugowelsh642]

I think a little luck is involved in the creation of all great empires.

[@worldofknowledge4802]

Hopefully, all these videos on the Rise of Ottoman Empire will also be merged to make a full length documentary video like that of 100 year's war, English Civil War, Peloponnesian War, Alexander's Conquests, Early Muslim Conquests etc. Would've been very interesting to watch.

[@FireflyThereIsHope]

So good! Some random Polish dudes in the internet refer to Vienna assault and mention Hussars were better then Jannisaries. Of course not 😂

[@RexOlafusVidulusMagnus]

Of course yes, just read about the battles of Vienna (1683) or Chocim (1621,1673) or Parkany (1683) 😁

[@SultanSuleiman980]

​@@RexOlafusVidulusMagnus Bayezid 2 murad 2 mehmed4 suleiman owners of poland

[@SultanSuleiman980]

​​@@RexOlafusVidulusMagnusand in 1674 Türk w 1621 also a Türk w we took khotyn in the end

[@FireflyThereIsHope]

@@RexOlafusVidulusMagnus Vienna was an ambush where Ottomans were making a siege. I don't know if you know what means to make a siege for months? There are a few more clashes Hussars run away like they did in Varna. They were not better trained than the Janissaries. lol.

[@theacolyte9223]

​@@FireflyThereIsHopeit's almost as if those two are different troop types with different strengths making any such comparison vain and inconclusive.

[@erhanozaydin853]

I would like to especially thank you spelling Turkish town names correctly. Not that it matters much to me if spelled wrong (or most of my countrymen), but evidently there is an effort there. This kind of small personal attention to detail is what makes this channel special for me. On o footnote, it is amazing how little cultural impact the Ottoman wars to the west has left in our culture. The wars to the east though, changed everything.

[@alibagheri411]

Could you elaborate a bit more the culture part, please? I am curious to know what you mean

[@sagaramskp]

So ur morning coffee is not a big deal for you.

[@erhanozaydin853]

@@alibagheri411 Very few if ever songs or fabled stories of valor about the European wars. Losses were not lemented as much, wins were not jubilated as much. I am from inner parts though, Balkan immigrants might have them. Wars to the east though, there are jokes, stories, songs about them. They are in public memory. Especially the wars against Mamluks and Safevids. Maybe it is because those had a civil war component too.

[@alibagheri411]

@@erhanozaydin853 that's very interesting, I am from Iran and we almost have nothing about the wars and interactions with Ottomans in our folklore, if you want to know something you have to go be digging for it. Although still I am curious about the point that you noted, because I was imagining the European front should have been much more important to you guys.

[@erhanozaydin853]

@@alibagheri411I'll be as concise about it as possible as I can bro. European front was more important for Ottomans ruling class probably. Where to begin... So the struggles to the east tended to be more fatal than the ones to the west. As time went on this trend became more apparent I suppose. The real differentiator is that, towards the west are the "other" guys. When you lose, you lose face, time, people, money but not legitimacy. When you lose toward the east to a guy like you, speaking your language has basically the same faith you may lose everything. Anatolian vassals of Bayazid I did not hesitate a second to support Timur for example. Shah Ismail brought these differences to a boiling point. Turkish masses migrated to Iran to join his revolution. My estimation is that at that point anatolia was more Shiite than Iran in general. Ismail turned Iran Shiite, Selim I turned Anatolia to Sunni faith. But doing so, he turned the country upside down. People were killed and persecuted. Demography changed. In many ways it was a civil war. Those are more memorable. I know, it was not concise.

[@ozgurd5920]

you understand it wrong fundementaly. murad cannot call 'jihad' ottomans were not caliphate at that time. majority of ottoman people were orthodox christians. orthodox people were arch-enemies of catholics (cause of sack of balkans and constantinople.) and especially alliance with serbs were important for ottomans also catholic genoa sided with ottomans. this is not a wars of religions. but war of power balance, western europeans attempt to claim eastern europe has ended after this.

[@nenenindonu]

Vid dropped harder than Wladyslaw's head, the last Crusade being led by an ethnically Baltic prince is also very ironic should've been against Crusaders not with learn it from the Serbs :)

[@RexOlafusVidulusMagnus]

Technically the last crusade was the War of the Holy League 1683-1699(ish)

[@muhammadfahimrahman6204]

​@@RexOlafusVidulusMagnusYet still, the ottoman held on to balkan another 200 years even after that so called crusade and outlived all of it's old adversaries

[@mechaturk1977]

@@RexOlafusVidulusMagnus Crimean War also called the last crusade. This title doesn't mean much.

[@mechaturk1977]

@@muhammadfahimrahman6204 And it was not good for Balkan people or Turks. People stayed poor and the place underdeveloped. Thank to Tengri ottomans are not a thing now.

[@muhammadfahimrahman6204]

@@mechaturk1977 That was actually a shame. If only they ruled with patience and an actual plan other than ripping off it's own subjects. Had they industrialized and put more akces in research instead of spending it on harem slave girls and treating their subjects better, they could've still remained there as a loose cofederation in balkan. Balkan divided between a benevolent imperial austria and imperial turkey would've been much better than what they have today now. PS. Yugoslavia was still the best outcome

[@JohnnyElRed]

It's must difficult to probably be the most successful battle commander in Hungarian history... and yet have your advice be so frequently ignored.

[@CufCufImam]

Etre fort comme un Turc" This expression dates from the 15th century. It refers to the period of the Ottoman Empire when the Turks won many conquests by their strength and cruelty, they were merciless. The Turk therefore represented at the time the supreme enemy, the unbeatable.

[@sirkydric1999]

The crusader army, which aimed to create the buffer state of Bulgaria without any mention of Prince Fruzhin, or any bulgarian troop involvement in this battle.

[@RexOlafusVidulusMagnus]

*a comment of agreement*

[@Milen4u]

Hello from Varna! I also live on boulevard Vladislav Varnenchick :) Great video with a very detailed description of the battle. In Bulgaria we view the events as tragic and the last hope of independent Bulgarian state was gone and 5 centuries of Ottoman rule (or slavery as we call it) followed. However to be fair, the crusader army, like in previous occasions, sacked and burned wherever they went, no doubt killing Bulgarians too. This is not in our history books in school, which is biased and unfair.

[@Hasanbas-rv3vm]

5 centuries and still remaind slavic wow ottomans very tolerant compared to russians english and fracnh

[@Milen4u]

@@Hasanbas-rv3vm It's a testament to the greats like Saint Paisius of Hilendar, Sophronius of Vratsa and other scholars, and the persistence of the people. Not because of any tolerance.

[@adamsnow4979]

@@Milen4uthe ottomans like other other Islamic empires didn’t care about the local population as long as they pay jizya

[@lucabarbanti8211]

​@@Hasanbas-rv3vm Go tell this to the greeks. Particularly the martyr patriarch Gregory V of Costantinople

[@lucabarbanti8211]

​@@adamsnow4979Lies. The Devşirme (Collection of Boys) was a system where young Christians were taken from their families, converted to Islam, and trained as elite soldiers (Janissaries) or officials. Ottoman rule in the Balkans led to the spread of Islam in the Christian region, but also to religious tensions with Orthodox and Catholic Christian populations.

[@minoru-kk]

Brilliant movie as always! And so interesting to see Ottoman troops survive and win

[@kaiser6210]

I kept thinking to myself, why have I seen this before. Oh, that’s because History Marche literally did this battle two weeks ago….

[@lukalovric2463]

Same

[@dand7763]

EU4 Universalis fans here ? :D our game starts right from here , after exactly this battle....!

[@LorenzSinclair]

eu4 lore

[@AurediumRiptide]

The way this last Crusade is set up and the fact that western Europe doesn't take part tells you that priorities and centres of power in Europe have shifted. The Portuguese have by this time already colonies in Senegal and 44 years later they would pass Cape the Good hope; the southern most point of Africa. While the Ottomans still have some good years ahead of them with Mehmed the 2nd the winds of change was in the European air. Jerusalem had lost most of its allure and the bigger European powers had other things on mind. The Lancastrian war was in full swing and would ultimately mark the end of the one hundred year war between France and England. The Holy Roman empire was busy with a gradual reform. Ultimately the the last crusade marked a significant change for all of Europe as various big events were taking place and would coincide with each other. This also causes Europe to be in exactly the right position for the start of the colonial era in the 16th century.

[@arda213]

They took part in 1396 Nicopolis crusade. The idea wasnt that popular after that. French nobility had a huge blow.

[@DeaconBlu]

Just love this channel and its format. You people could animate a battle between red ants and black ants and make it watchable, enjoyable and informative. Fantastic work folks! Thanks!

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks!

[@jozzieokes3422]

I've been looking forward to this!

[@canturan4396]

Who came from EU4 11.11.1444

[@fallenhein4448]

Murad is thr only ottoman sultan who left the throne willingly

[@copiapadus478]

I get it you want to redo your old Ottoman videos with better Graphics etc, but this is getting ridicilous imo. When are you gonna continue ottoman history from 1600's onwards? Or just be real and you dont want to do videos about Ottoman Empires slow decline. It's okay if you are Ottoman Enthusiasts but just be honest about it.

[@theacolyte9223]

maybe they want to do just that but have both eras on par quality wise so it becomes a coherent high quality documentary in the end.

[@copiapadus478]

@@theacolyte9223 last time they continued Long Turkish War was almost 2 years ago and after that they have done at least 10 more like 20 videos about ottomans but not continued their history into the 1600's. IMO they are avoiding the decline of Ottomans. The fact that they are redoing old videos about ottomans and not about Mongols for example only makes it more suspicious. But alas I'd hoped they would answer and give some hint why the stalling.

[@skywarrior539]

The highlight of Murad II reign 🎉

[@arda213]

It is a smart thing to be sceptical regarding the reasoning of Vladislaw 3's charge. It is very convenient to blame the whole defeat on the dead man as he cant speak for himself. For all we know it could be that the crusaders were already desperately losing the battle and it was a final desperate attempt by the king to turn the tide by killing the sultan. Also this was the first time Ottomans encountered wagon fort tactic, they destoyed the wagon fort by outranging it with their cannons and destroying it. They adopt this over this battle and call it ''tabur cengi''. Tabur the vocabulary being adopted from Hungarian who adopted it centuries ago from another Turkic people... One last thing, that dramatic letter to Murad from Mehmed is not historical, it is romantisation.

[@RexOlafusVidulusMagnus]

And for all we know, it could've also been that the Ottomans had killed the Polish-Hungarian King on the threshold of their own defeat. Second thing is, the Hungarians adopted the Wagon fort, Tabor, from the Hussites (Czechs) whom they fought 20 years earlier, and who have enjoyed great success by it's use against Hungarians and Germans alike in the Hussite Crusades... not some turkic people...

[@arda213]

@@RexOlafusVidulusMagnus I was talking about the word not the tactic itself. The word tabor was adopted during Mongol invasion from a Turkic language. Tabor literally means military camp.

[@deagostinochanell9344]

Królu Władysławie Nieeeeeeee !😢

[@eraytksl3142]

For some reason videos the videos ending with Ottoman victories in this channel feels underwhelming unlike their real historical repercussions. 10 great powers involving he Kingdoms Of Poland,Crotia,Hungary,Bohemia,Bosnia and Grand Duchy of Lithuania have united and only mustered up about 20 thousand like wtf.Sigismund of Luxembourg has invaded the Bosnia with 50 THOUSAND WHİLE HE WAS KING OF HUNGARY IN 1408.These guys were coming to remove Ottoman presence in the Europe with only 20 thousand where Ottomans could easily muster up 20 thousand in Rumelia only. I do not want to point any fingers but the numbers in Ottoman battles just do not add up neither they are logical considering those times.

[@nurullahgurbuzer6565]

The dead king's head were next to the broken peace treaty in the field that murat put on a spike

[@HittiteHorseArcher]

For many the essential enemy was the Ottoman Turks, whose aggression and brutality were widely disseminated. Their activities and plans were subjected to numerous prophetic and apocalyptic readings. Many contemporaries described their Christian opponents as Turks or ‘worse than Turks’, a practice that demonstrated both the potency of the Turkish image and the internal divisions which plagued the Christian world. For Erasmus and other moral reformers the Turk resided within each Christian, and Christian sinfulness was fully as fatal to the common defence of Europe as political rivalries.

[@nathanruben-tv5lf]

I do rot think that Ottomans were brutal. They did not killed the populations of the captured cities. They did not force conversion of chrisitans to muslims. They did not kill the prisoners in general unless provoked by previous executions of Ottoman vassals.

[@lucabarbanti8211]

​@@nathanruben-tv5lfYou think wrong. The nomad invader turks were brutal. For example through Devşirme (Collection of Boys) a system where young Christians were taken from their families, converted to Islam, and trained as elite soldiers (Janissaries) or officials. Akinci were light cavalrymen who were known for their raids into Christian territories, plundering villages, and capturing prisoners. Subject populations often faced onerous taxes, such as the "haraci" (property tax), contributing to economic instability and poverty.Ottoman rule in the Balkans led to the spread of Islam in the Christian region, but also to religious tensions with Orthodox and Catholic Christian populations. And the consequences were terrible. The Balkans saw numerous rebellions and resistance movements against Ottoman rule, such as the Serbian and Bulgarian uprisings. These efforts were often brutally suppressed, with further looting and destruction as responses to insurrections. The finest example of the brutality of turks is the death of ecumenical patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople. On April 10, 1821, on Orthodox Easter Sunday, Gregory V was arrested and hanged at the main gate of the Patriarchate in Constantinople by order of Sultan Mahmud II. This act was intended as retaliation and a warning message to the Greek rebels. Gregory V's body was left hanging for three days and then thrown into the Bosphorus. Gregory V's execution provoked outrage among Greeks and other Orthodox Christians. He became a martyr and a symbol of the Greek struggle for independence. This event further galvanized the Greek independence movement and garnered international support for the Greek cause. Gregory V was killed as part of the Ottoman response to the Greek revolt, despite the lack of evidence of his direct involvement in the rebellion. His execution was an attempt at intimidation that had the opposite effect, strengthening the Greeks' determination to achieve their independence from the bloody turks. The brutality of the Ottoman Empire far outshines that of the Galactic Empire from Star Wars.

[@imawormbeforeiamman6052]

​@@lucabarbanti8211that was almost the same for every conqueror like Rome, the ummayad, the abbassid and so on. The blood tax while it was a form of slavery but the boys grew to be a state official had high social status. Not a common Slaves imo

[@gursantutlu9984]

@@lucabarbanti8211 Nomadic communities cannot have more population than urban communities. Turks were insufficient in quantity. The Ottomans had to get along very well with the local people. The current point of view is wrong and the absurd figures of European historians are not accepted by today's historians. Balkan Christian historians do not view it with the same understanding as before.

[@lucabarbanti8211]

@@imawormbeforeiamman6052 Bullshits. Rome and the republican government first, and the imperial government later, never forced mass conversions to the imperial cult under the threat of taking children from their families. Every religion and belief was welcomed from Britannia to Asia Minor as long as you showed respect for the Caesar (Christians and Jews were the only ones who didn't, understandably since God is more important for them) and paid taxes. Go to see why the Jews revolted against Rome in 66 AD.

[@LüzumluTarih]

A day before you, I shared a short video about the siege of Varna on my channel.😊

[@pavlepavlovic4073]

It is amazing how beautifully you have reworked the series on Ottoman history. There were some grumblings initially due to the reset, but every episode so far is a work of art in presentation and so much detail is given each episode. Continue being awesome.

[@KHK001]

Amazing video KnG! Love these Ottomans series!

[@mirkan9738]

Ottoman empire 💪🏻🇹🇷

[@emreyldz4324]

fun fact: Even tough the hisars that were built near boshphorus were on hills, the cannons at those hisars were actually at sea level. so fellow turkish artillerymen only aimed for those Venetian and Papal ships and fired their cannonball horizontally and the cannon ball would skipoff off, like you are skipping stones at a pond. it would hit hit the most lower hull close sea level side of the ship making it even more effective. This was tested myth or truth show in America. I suppose it was called debunked. greetings from former ROMAN NOT BYZANTINE, AND TURKISH NOT OTTOMAN capital Konstantiniye, a Turk. :)

[@orktv4673]

Thanks for this very important video on EU4 lore.

[@saltyyf1802]

Can't believe they made EU4 into a real thing

[@brokenbridge6316]

That Hungarian King shouldn't have made that charge. Oh well. Loved the video.

[@Alecsandru010]

How can you charge so stupidly at an enemy? HOW?

[@Frank_havre_creation]

Pride is a mortal sin for a reason.

[@Frt840]

Thinking that in hard armour no one can kill crusaders 😂.

[@xOdySx]

What a disastrous decision for Poland and Hungary

[@TOKMAKCI_BASPAPAZ]

No ethno-linguistic group dealt with Crusades more than the Turkic peoples did. Turks dealt with Crusades for 600 years both in the form of actual Crusades or Holy Leagues. There are around more than 12 Crusades & Holy Leagues directed at Turks.

[@M-vz8po]

Ottomans crushed most of the important crusader marches except for the Battles of Vienna (1683) and Zenta (1697) which really dealt a serious blow and the slow stagnation of the empire culminating in complete dissolution in 1922.

[@youvebeengreeked]

*I think I know what video's coming next,* *and my emotions are not ready for it...*

[@twahatashfia6075]

Nah it might be Second Kosovo before the final showdown at the City of Constantine

[@Schizz76]

What a way to snatch defeat from the jaws of victory

[@theacolyte9223]

what a jaw to defeat snatch from the victory of way

[@mostafa_hafiz]

Thanks for the great video ❤

[@CSDragon]

Dang it Wladislav, all you had to do was be patient and the ottos would have never risen to power.

[@MudPig6110]

Let’s be clear that Varna was not the last crusade and battle by Europeans to expel Muslims from their land. The war to establish Israel was the latest crusade if you define a crusade as Europeans trying to control the Holy Land.

[@KingsandGenerals]

If you redefine things continuously, you will surely get the results you are looking for.

[@franksantana9553]

Loved the video. Great to also have History Marche's video on this battle just a couple of weeks ago. Small discrepancies thou.

[@hassaanalisiddiqui3827]

Second battle of Kosovo or the Albanian rebellion will be next?

[@Vekhh]

For us in Poland thats one of the dark aspects of our history. I still feel the shake of shame when i think about that battle. Cannot believe how our king could be so stupid, especially one of the few kings in our history rumoured to be homosexual.

[@KingsandGenerals]

What is wrong with you? Do straight people win all the battles?

[@sanguiniue]

The amount of times this channel has told me about medieval battles that the west could have one . If only knights could control their overinflated egos and not leeroy jenkins is just frustrating. The risks of privilege aristocracy I guess.

[@realmalik]

Sultan Murad 2 and Mustafa Kemal Pasha are the 2 top commanders of Turkey 🇹🇷 who never lost a single battle in their lifetimes.

[@mrmuffin1235]

That father son moment is like. Dad I can't open the chips packet, help me. 😂

[@mahedihasan2762]

Murad a seasoned warriors second favourite son was Mehmed the conqueror imagine what was favourite was like!

[@RexOlafusVidulusMagnus]

Eh... for all we know he might've been worse...

[@briish4615]

We are getting closer to 1453...

[@newgeneration9077]

Yes we are

[@300fusionfall]

Oh man we're probably like 2-3 episodes away from the big fall.

[@kumebannerlord]

I think the next 2 episodes are gonna be all about Skanderbeg's campaign and Hunyadi's raids into ottoman territory. Then after that 1453 the fall of constantionple and after that probably one more episode of the showdown between mehmed and skanderbeg till 1470's and the new era after Mehmed passes away

[@arpandey698]

Great video kings and generals the quality was great and it was entertaining. Thought i am a bit confused by how tiny the crusader army here was. During the battle of Kosovo that you showed, the small serbian state managed to raise an army of 20,000. The ottomans likley outnumbered the crusaders but I personally think it would be a bit less massively so 30,000 Crusaders vs 40,000 Ottomans.

[@bolubeyi8959]

If you believe Crusader army was 20k also you will believe Marvel Hulk is real.

[@colindaniels945]

A prime example of pride coming before a fall. I say that because had the King and his nobility listened to Hunyadi,Varna would've been a great victory for the Crusaders and turned the tide on Ottoman expansion. Instead, the King's pride snatched defeat from the jaws of victory and sadly proved the ruler of Serbia correct when he told Hunydai that he was going to lose the battle

[@dr38]

In fact, the letter Mehmet wrote to his father is the claim of Grand Vizier Çandarlı Halil Pasha. It was Çandarlı who dethroned the Young Sultan. When Mehmet conquers Istanbul, he will have Çandarlı executed. A great series, thank you Kings and Generals..

[@TÜRK_ALP]

.....⚔️🇹🇷⚔️..... 🐺🇹🇷🐺🇹🇷🐺

[@LordVelari]

Brave knights charging foolishly into massive enemy If only there's a failed example like this before for them to study... Battle of Nicopolis (1396): do I not exist to you?

[@tevfikemrebesiktepe4066]

Another great video by Kings of Generals. Your videos are classic for me.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Thanks!

[@arda213]

@@KingsandGenerals I am still waiting for the overlook of early Ottoman army composition video like you did on Mongols.

[@kayagurcu2814]

Whats this mad passion of christian kings/knights for charging towards Ottoman central ? Everytime same shit happens and obviously they hadnt taken any lesson from any of previous defeats. Ottoman center is where ottoman army is most powerful. Janissaries, heavy armoured cavalry, heavy cannons and few gunpowder units stationed there. Even though there is no breach, europeans tried to dive into center of ottoman army in these battles of: battle of nicopolis, 1st and 2nd battles of Kosovo, battle of varna, battle of mohacs and lastly battle of mezokerestes.

[@Kili2807]

Yeah but I think if the charge is properly supported by a general advance of the whole army(which didn’t happen at Nicopolis or Varna) it is the perfect tool do completely shatter an army. In theory a 15th century European knight is a medieval tank on the battlefield and there are many example where this simple tactic worked out

[@kayagurcu2814]

@@Kili2807 totally agree but you forgot the most important thing. Ottoman artillery and gun powder units were superior to their counterparts up until late 16th century. And they were positioned in the center. No armor on earth could save a knight from bullets nor cannons. Therefore, charging ottoman center had no effect. Europeans changed their tactics and adopted to pike&shot where ottomans couldnt in 17th century.

[@RexOlafusVidulusMagnus]

As a Pole I really appreciate the proper prenounciation of Władysław's birth name, and not any latinisation like Ladislaus :)

[@foxtattoo7516]

1444... If you dont know this date you are missing on the best grand strategy game there is.

[@theacolyte9223]

HoI starts in 1936 though

[@prywatne4733]

​@@theacolyte9223HOI is mid, takes place in the mid century

[@1819212]

As in matzikert which was crucial battle, in Varna also Seltzuks and ottomans won not becouse of their superiority but becouse of the stupidity and the wrong decisions of the Cristians Nothing else...

[@ptolemy7783]

What never seizes to amaze me reading the comments, is the fact that people do not realise that the hardest military action is to PROJECT power and bring the fight to your enemies' territories and not to round your army to your borders and wait for the fight. Do you even realise the logistical cost of moving 20000 men for a long distance?

[@ipsiz1929]

The number has already given it funny. Big Europe 20 k, only 40 k from Anatolia, this documentary is a shame when he sees other works he does. I don't think the Crusader army is thinking about logistics and food. Because the one who loots whatever comes in front of them. A herd of marauders who even destroyed the religious brothers they were trying to save. They were a complete terrorist with today's meaning.

[@ehteshamkhan4750]

Why do you guy's only use european sources it just seems that the European sources would be biased

[@KingsandGenerals]

We use Turkish sources, too, check the description.

[@ehteshamkhan4750]

​@@KingsandGenerals thanks 👍 I was just unsure

[@SultanSuleiman980]

Greatest magnificent days of Turks

[@tomriley5790]

Interesting! I was aware of this battle but hadn't seen it covered in detail before, one last ride for Murad. Wodyslav came so close to victory but got carried away I think. A direct head on charge into a prepared defensive position seems like a crazy thing to do unless you have to.

[@harsidhshah5073]

Hotheadedness cost crusaders both Nicopolis and Varna.

[@hassaanalisiddiqui3827]

K&G please release ottoman series videos every month or two videos per month. Last year you didn't upload videos in March, June, July, September, October and December

[@KingsandGenerals]

takes time

[@hassaanalisiddiqui3827]

@@KingsandGenerals okay. Sorry if I was being rude. I really appreciate and love your channel. It's just that I'm really obsessed with these videos that's why.

[@RexOlafusVidulusMagnus]

​@@hassaanalisiddiqui3827there are other interesting topics in history than just the ottomans mate

[@rramos117]

Lmao this ain’t the Sultans & Beyliks channel 🤣

[@lordMartiya]

We have to give it to king Wladislaw, snatching such a defeat from the jaws of certain victory isn't easy.

[@sansifer529]

Foolishness of the young.

[@jonbaxter2254]

What a disaster, after such a strong start.

[@scialacqua9765]

Władysław can u don't?

[@JA51711]

Thank you for the great historical content. Can you do a video on explaining Naples Italy-I see on your map in the beginning of this video how Naples encompassed a good portion of the boot of Italy and I did not know that can you please elaborate.