Introduction to the Indus Valley (Harappan) Civilization

[@someinteresting]

The Ancient world, thoroughly and systematically discussed, as it should be and is severely lacking in the Modern one. Great channel.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you, glad you stopped by...more to come soon!

[@HistorywithCy]

@@syedhaider2084 Yes, I agree with you there. It is part of the history of both countries. Will stress that in future videos. Thanks for letting me know your view and concerns.

[@HistorywithCy]

@@syedhaider2084 Thanks and please always feel free to let me know your views! Thanks again for supporting the channel, words cannot express my sincere gratitude for viewers like you who make this channel what it is!

[@HistorywithCy]

@@syedhaider2084 Thanks, you too!

[@crisoliveira2644]

The video ended and I wanted to binge on this series, but then I realized this is the latest video.

[@HistorywithCy]

Yes, more to come! I'll try to put out the next on India in the next couple weeks, stay tuned and thanks for stopping by!

[@SomasAcademy]

Also, it's worth noting that there's evidence of some cultural continuity between the Indus Valley Civilization and later Vedic civilization, suggesting that the Vedic culture was not purely derived from that of the Aryans, but may instead have been a sort of hybrid culture. I hope to see this point mentioned in the Vedic period video, since it's always a shame to see the Aryans getting all the credit.

[@HistorywithCy]

Hi, thanks for stopping by and you comments. I agree with you. In fact, I was reading R.S. Sharma's book "India's Ancient Past" a couple of days ago about this and he makes the same point about various, non-Indo-European words (non-Aryan) appearing in the Vedas. Unfortunately, I can't put in everything I'd like in each video, otherwise I'd only have time to do one video every two months. In the next video, which I'm still writing the script for, I'll try to find a way to make the point about pre-Aryan influence on Vedic culture. Thanks for stopping by, I really appreciate it!

[@redtobertshateshandles]

I thought Harrappan's worshipped Bovines, so there's a pretty undeniable link there to modern India.

[@SomasAcademy]

@@redtobertshateshandles We don't know anything about Harappan religious practice. They left depictions of several animals on their seals, but we have no way of telling what the cultural significance of these animals was.

[@peterparker-pl8wt]

Who has power write the history. Poor people helpless and loose their identity, culture and history. That is the reason there is no solid history in rich cultured India. They don't want to say or write it. Because their ego and they want to say loud to the world we are the people. But not them. The time will bring the truth to the world.

[@Filbi]

@Soma Hanikeri I'm inclined to agree with that theory. There are lots and lots of Hindu deities who have no apparent connection to the known Proto-Indo-European gods, and I imagine they were probably absorbed into the Aryan/Vedic religion from the people already living in India.

[@rakeshgalgat1717]

I am from India . I fortunately say thanks to made video on our country civilization

[@HistorywithCy]

Hi my friend, my parents are too, from Mumbai! Thanks for stopping by, really appreciate it... more on the way, stay tuned!

[@olgierdogden4742]

I happen to own two Harappan Zebu Bulls which are just over the size of a fist and are exquisitely made from terracotta and beautifully decorated. And these came from the Early Harappan Civilisation.

[@roadrash999]

Upload video on your channel please so we can see these priceless artefacts.

[@OSUBoxkator]

Hate to break it to you.... They're fake.

[@TheFactbase]

Harappan Civilization was referred as Meluha by the ancient Sumerians who traded with them.... Hence it's entirely possible that their actual name was Meluha....

[@omarutmankhel4343]

Meluha became Beluha of which two allomorphs exist today, Beluchi and Brahui. And Melukha names Beluchistan, Pakistan. Beluchi today is used for the Parthian language that was intrusive to the area around 2500 years ago while Brahui is used for the Elamo-Dravidian Harappan language that predated it and is still spoken in Pakistan today.

[@TheEvolver311]

Seems very unlikely most ancient cultures simply referred to other people's with their own name for them not the other people's self identifying label

[@devalbhatia2532]

Hello CY, you've made great efforts to this topic of Harappan Civilisation interesting and informative video. i would appreciate to find out your next continuing video of HC. Thankyou liked your quality and presentation with clear voice narration.

[@tanmoyprl]

wow! I just subbed yesterday after watching Catalhoyuk and today's announcement of a new series about India !!

[@HistorywithCy]

thanks so much, I really appreciate it! I'll do my best to make your subscription worthwhile!

[@arailway8809]

There are sunken structures off the coast that indicate they were swallowed by the sea. Hope you get a chance to cover those. Thanks again, Cy.

[@JihadBunnydick]

Dwarka

[@hermescarraro3393]

Oooooh. It begins!! Thank you Cy. I can't wait to see the rest of your Indian history saga. I have been waiting soo loooong for this moment. ✨

[@HistorywithCy]

Yup, it begins!

[@hermescarraro3393]

@@HistorywithCy Hail the heavens! Well. Actualy. Hail YOU. 🤷

[@aakashs1806]

@@HistorywithCy Nice

[@peterparker-pl8wt]

Please check Keezhadi excervation and see how IV and Keezhadi are almost same civilization. Check on English Channel called "NewsX Keezhadi Excervations". You can get all information.

[@YemueltheMerciful]

Really interested in the Vedic period can't wait for the next video.

[@HistorywithCy]

Happy to oblige...coming soon, hopefully next month. Thanks for stopping by, I really appreciate it!

[@ancientruins2856]

@@HistorywithCy - Great Video and please keep up the great work. A question my friend where now with many excavations happening around India & Parkistan, there was a chariot and sword found which dated to this era and even DNA is dubunking the colonial Arayan invasion theory. What are your thoughts. Thanks

[@ajithsidhu7183]

@@HistorywithCy can you do one on the diffrence warfare tatics used world wide etc greeks phalanx and nubian hit and run ,for all civilasations

[@ahappyimago]

Indo Europeans came and created a religion that subjected the native people until this day

[@bobus1737]

@@ahappyimago based

[@jamesruscheinski8602]

Could there be a connection between Harappan decline and Bronze Age collapse, whether migration of peoples, climate, other factors or a combination?

[@farhanrivin934]

This is possible. I think over the time Indus river vally desertified and Ganges river vally became more and more lush, so people after Indus period abandoned Indus, migrated and settled at the banks of Ganges and Brahmaputra. There is a GIF which shows this desertification process from North Africa to Pakistan is still going on because of the change of direction of monsoon wind, which also caused the desertification of Sahara, and in turn more monsoon rain for eastern subcontinent and South East Asia.

[@bhanupratap1063]

@@farhanrivin934 Some people also migrated southward and Settled on the banks of Vaigai River and started Vaigai River valley civilization In Tamil Nadu.

[@edwardelric717]

It was a combination of factors. Most people say the Arayans came to India and wiped out the old civilizations. While it is partly true it's not the full story. Nomadic people like the Aryans do not cause the collapse of civilizations. They are merely the final symptom. Even in Rome years later the barbarians couldn't defeat the Roman might at first. But slowly climate change and disease weakened the Romans and soon the barbarians came to finish them off. Same thing in india. Climate change came, caused a weakening of The Harappan people and then the Arayans came and finished them off.

[@Whitemoon379]

70% of my dna goes back straight to the Indus Valley

[@171_indranildutta6]

@Juniper even if they did proud of those indo iranians or indo europeans

[@gudduhero6972]

5:54 indus valley civilization script can be deciphered using gond launguage

[@AbhishekTiwari1111]

Its beyond Nice! Most awaited video is out finally. Keep it up.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you, I really appreciate it! I can't wait to share more Indian history with all of you... stay tuned, it's coming soon!

[@robertmoody435]

I'm a new subscriber. Love this channel. Enjoyed learning about Indian and look forward to seeing your other videos.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you!

[@stephenmichalski2643]

What the hell?!!??!You reading my mind????Been planning on diving into the Indus Valley cultures right after swallowing what I can of Mesopotamia.Damn!Damn!Damn!This channel and your excellent work is turning into a dream come true for me.This is sooooooo awesome......I can't believe it.

[@HistorywithCy]

Haha, great to know I have an audience for this stuff! I'll still be covering Mesopotamia (have a long way to go there) but will add more on other parts of the world as well, like India, Greece, parts of Africa, etc. Thanks and stay tuned!

[@vedicguy6454]

@@HistorywithCy brother Aryan invasion theory is a myth

[@racheliebe_]

one of the most satisfying explaination I've seen! thank you

[@PNNYRFACE]

I am interested to know more about the Veda’s. You have more videos that go into details on this? Thank you for the video, the seal w the cow headed yoga pose figure is intriguing. Your other video talked about how it at a site overlooked then it was excavated. Think of all the undiscovered things waiting to be found! Thank you

[@EnricoDandolo1204]

Ooooh, interesting. Looking forward to the rest of the series.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you, looking forward to putting it out, stay tuned!

[@hermescarraro3393]

It's fascinating to see how certain elements of the hindu belief system already seemed to have taken form in this extremely anciet period of Indian History. Like: The holy and purifying nature of water. The symbolic importance of the bull. And the specific contrast between the wild untamed goddesses that rapresented nature and fertility, and the male gods of culture and civilisation, rapresented by the bull. These elements are still to this day the basics of village goddess and god worship in india. With the Gramadevi, the wild female deities and mothers of the village, worshipped alongside virile warrior gods who are either showed as husbands, sons, guardians or masters of the Gramadevi. This religious ideology is actualy older than the Vedas, and seems to have influenced the Vedic civilisation in many ways, with their greater importance on celestial male gods who give gifts to man, rather than the female earth bound goddesses. The belief in the Gramadevi is very important, because all the great goddesses take root from these rural belief systems. Wich is why we see that many great cyties in India still possess a protector goddess. Like Kāli of Kolkata, as an example. This also shows that the pre arian culture did not go extinct. But survived and adapted itself to accomodate the later inhabitants. Wich is pretty cool. The demise of pre arian civilisation might indeed be because of draught. Such big cities needed a great ammount of water. According to vedic era scriptures, the Saraswati river dried up. Saraswati is bolph a river godess and the godess of culture, because civilisation formed around her basin according to many legends. These legends are most likely miticisation of real events.

[@HistorywithCy]

Interesting... Hinduism has so many facets to it - it's a way of life as much as it is belief. Thanks for sharing!

[@hermescarraro3393]

@@HistorywithCy Well. Thank you for listening. I like to study the history of the hindu religion because it's the closest we will ever get to actually know the practices of the many ancient beliefs that spanned across the land. I mean. We know about the myths and beliefs. But we will never realy know the practices and mindsets of these ancient religions And the hindu one, since it's very old, it's the closest we will ever get. Wich is pretty cool. 🤷

[@mitzavor8468]

One problem is that the Saraswati river (which has been identified with the dried up ghaggar hakra river) dried up in the 2nd Millenium BC. That's 500 years before the Aryan Invasion took place (1500 BC). Yet the Saraswati river plays a key role in the Rig Veda! The Vedas themselves were written on the banks of the Saraswati river and the Saraswati river is exalted numerous times within the Vedas as a harbringer of sustenance and life. The Mahabharata (one of India's ancient epics) describes the drying up of the Saraswati river in the desert. The geographical descriptions of the Saraswati river match perfectly with the Ghaggar Hakra river (lies between the Sutlej and Yamuna). Many of the Harrapan sites also lie around this river. This causes a huge problem. Why are Vedic texts paying reverence to a river which should have dried up centuries before the blonde-haired blue-eyed "Aryans" turned up? After the river dried up, it became personified as the goddess Saraswati - the goddess of knowledge, education and the arts. Saraswati is the consort of Lord Brahma within the Hindu pantheon.

[@Manish_Kumar_Singh]

I don't think Ther were Aryan invasion or that the theory is Valid from our cultural standpoint. But i don't Want to get into a a debate here. I just wanted to say, every Hindus clan has a clan goddess that wee are supposed to pray to and worship is special occasion.

[@mirandagoldstine8548]

It could be the recording of a folk memory that survived the Aryan arrival.

[@Lonestar10443]

you detailed their trade relation with other parts of the world. Is their sufficient evidence about similar relation with the civilizations deep into the sub continent?

[@HistorywithCy]

Not that I know of, but that doesn't mean it didn't happen. If I find something of that sort, I'll let you know or bring it up in a video. Thanks!

[@mamangkhongsai3300]

they had trade relationship with mesopotamian peoples... some artifacts proved it

[@dv9239]

A civilization probably there hiding below the urban jungle

[@fdadachanji4635]

Awesome vid on Indus valley !

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks my friend, I really appreciate it!

[@iuvvuiieii]

The Indus Valley was compelled into. Evacuating their Cities. They were subject to imminent invasion by Steppe Horsemen. They emigrated East and South and settled down in peaceful locations in India. They mixed with the native hunter gatherers and make up 85 percent of the population. The vacated Indus Valley lay desolate for over 400 years until European and Central Asian migrant settled in bringing new languages, religion and culture.

[@supersaiyan460]

Celtic Goddess danu is from india to Europe Mitanni kingdom in turkey are also vedic people uncle And before zoroastrian Iranian are also vedic People Avestan language of old iran is sister language of vedic language Sanskrit People go to USA Because they are developed African and asian in USA are not invaders they are refugees Just like islamic invasion Iranian zoroastrian become refugees and become part of india same with Tibetan chinese and Syriac Christian in Malabar after destruction of temple

[@MackerelCat]

Super excited for the next episode!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you! I can't wait to put it out!

[@SomasAcademy]

I feel like this video could use a few more "likely" or "probably"'s; there's a lot we don't know for certain about the Harappan civilization, due to the lack of direct written sources, so anything we can say about their class divisions and whatnot is coming from educated guesses, not firmly established fact. Similarly, with their script being undeciphered, we can only speculate as to what kind it was; it may not even have been a writing system. We also don't know for sure where "Meluhha" was, some speculate that it was actually in Africa, though the hypothesis that it was the Sumerian name for the Indus Civilization seems to be the most compelling.

[@HistorywithCy]

Hi. I see what you mean. I think with anything in the field of archaeology or ancient history, this is the case. Generally in these short videos I report on what the consensus of scholars agree upon unless there's a theory I find really compelling - in the latter case, I'd state if something was my opinion, etc. Thanks again for stopping by, I really appreciate it and any other questions, please don't hesitate to let me know.

[@michael47lamb]

Meluhha could not possibly have been in Africa since there was never a city on that continent worth talking about for thousands of years. Meluhha was always referred to as a major trading civilization. There was none of that from Africa other than Egypt at that time in history.

[@SomasAcademy]

​@@michael47lamb There was Punt, Tjemeh-land, Yam, a number of Nubian kingdoms possibly including Irtjet and Setju, and the earliest known cities in West Africa were built only a few hundred years after Meluhha is first referenced in Sumerian sources, while D'mt was founded a few centuries after that. There's good reasons to think the IVC was the most likely candidate for Meluhha, but "there was never a city on that continent worth talking about for thousands of years" is not one of them.

[@michael47lamb]

@@SomasAcademy I think of Kush/ Nubia etc as part of Egypt, which I do not consider part of Africa proper since the culture of Egypt was so different than anywhere else on the continent. I do though see a typo I made using plural thousand instead of a single thousand. Sorry about that. According to the dates I see Harappa started about 3300 BCE while Nubia/Kush/Punt was about 2500BCE. So 3300-2500=800. Not so far afield from my 1000 remark before. Also more importantly when the Meso traders talk about Meluhha I am certain they are referring to a place they can actually get in and out of as well. With their goods intact. Harappa is on the pre-silk road and also has easy access to sea routes. This makes it the best place for Meluhha too. And not some desert isolated Nile river town, even if there was gold there they could not have gotten it out with great loss of life too.

[@SomasAcademy]

@@michael47lamb That's nonsensical. It's like saying "I think of Sicily as part of Greece, which I do not consider a part of Europe because it was so different than anywhere else on the continent". Nubia was not a part of Egypt, it was a neighboring region, and though the two had close cultural ties, they were rarely part of the same political entity (and weren't at all at the time Sumerians were writing of Meluhha). Also, Egypt and Nubia had cultural ties to surrounding North and East African civilizations, but even if we pretend that isn't the case, it's still ridiculous to say that them being culturally distinct makes them not part of Africa. Africa has numerous radically distinct polities, but they're all considered African because they're from Africa, which is a geographical entity defined by geographical boundaries, not some arbitrary measure of cultural similarity. Now, as for your point on time, we're talking about the time when the Sumerians were writing about Meluhha, not when Harappan civilization was founded. The oldest Sumerian records of the name Meluhha were from about 2300 BCE, hence, yes, very far afield from your "1,000" estimate, considering it was several centuries AFTER Nubian and Puntite civilization are attested (as well as the others I listed, which were Kingdoms, not "small Nile Valley towns" as you put it). Now, there are perfectly good reasons to think that the Indus Valley Civilization was most likely Meluhha, in particular the kinds of goods Sumerians described getting from there, which match the sorts of things we'd expect to be coming out of India. However, my initial point was simply to address the ambiguity which causes some historians to speculate about alternative possibilities, and my list of African civilizations was not to provide possible candidates for Meluhha, but to counter your historically illiterate claim about Africa lacking cities outside of Egypt.

[@esrarengiztayfa3090]

your videos are brilliant as always. you are creating a great archive to consult for knowledge. i hope you keep. thanks for the knowledge.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks so much for the kind words, I really appreciate them! Yes, my goal is to create an archive of sorts. Still have a long way to go but won't be stopping anytime soon...thanks so for stopping by, I really appreciate it!

[@BishalNath]

New discovered KEEZHADI from South part of India and RAKHIGARHI civilisation is also part of The Same Indian Civilization. Do some research on it ...

[@Ankit-d9f4u]

No

[@John_O_Connor]

Indus Valley Civilization of Pakistan ❤🇵🇰 Mehrgarh, Harappa, Mohanjo-Daro and entire Indus Valley are in Pakistan and part of Pakistani people's history 🫡🇵🇰 Indians trying really hard to steal other countries history 😂

[@davidbarber3821]

Are u familiar with the theory the Sumerians were originally from India who sailed to Mesopotamia... wht are your thoughts on that hypothesis

[@HistorywithCy]

Hi, thanks for stopping by! Yes, I have heard a couple of theories on that front, most commonly that they came from southern India (Tamil Nadu area). I've read about it and it's an intriguing theory, but I don't think that I have enough knowledge to make a firm conclusion about or any other theory (for example, that Sumerians came from Central Asia, the Caucasus, Sudan, etc.). Thanks for your comment, I really appreciate it!

[@davidbarber3821]

@John Barber Uhm wat up "cuz"?

[@mikesands4681]

Oh that a Rosetta Stone or Champollion will be found to decipher the language.

[@HistorywithCy]

Yes, that would be awesome! I hope that they find something like that... would help our study of Harappan civilization tremendously! Thanks for stopping by, I really appreciate it! More to come soon!

[@brianmccarthy5557]

Excellent program. I'm curious about what we currently know about contacts between the Harrappan culture and the Oxus River culture. Also, what was going on in the upper Ganges Valley during this period?

[@scottmcley5111]

I was taught that it was also the Sarasvati river as well.

[@HarvinderSingh-si7vz]

Whether you hate or love but you can't ignore India, it's not only a country its emotion too.....

[@John_O_Connor]

Sindh is Pakistani state. Sindhis are Pakistanis. Sindhi Civilization in Pakistani. Indus Valley is Pakistani. From where did India come in from 😂

[@HarvinderSingh-si7vz]

@@John_O_Connor pakistan ? Did Pakistan even exist before partition ? 😂 😂 A confused country wherein ppl don't know whether they are Muslims or converted Muslims.... 😂 😂

[@ColleenJousma]

Random ask. Why might the sculpture at about 8:30 have eyes closed?

[@FaizanMunirKhanRajput]

Can anyone advise about any suggested reading about the Harrapan civilisation?

[@SANCHIT18OCT]

I am so thankful for this

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you, glad you're here! More to come soon!

[@lorefox201]

Lord Indra arrived at mohejo-daro on his chariot and his first word to the locals was Namastè

[@lorefox201]

@@pvnkvmr oh please.

[@John_O_Connor]

Today Indra would need a VISA to enter Pakistani heritage site of Mohanjo-Daro in Sindh 😂

[@supersaiyan460]

​@@John_O_ConnorIndra is king of god not a invader like killing non believers 😂

[@killthecensors58]

Ever hear of the city off the coast of Dwaraka? Absolutely crazy.

[@HistorywithCy]

Hi, thanks again for stopping by! Hmm, what's the name? There are a couple of religious sites in the area. I have family in Gujarat and can ask them about it. Thanks again!

[@killthecensors58]

@@HistorywithCy I believe that the ancient city was likely called "Dvaraka" because there is a reference in ancient Hindu religious mythology to a city by that name that was flooded and sunk beneath the waves. A Hindu Atlantis.

[@HistorywithCy]

@@killthecensors58 Oh ok... I think I've heard of it but don't know the details. Hmmm, that might be something cool to look up and perhaps do a vid on...thanks for the info, I really appreciate it!

[@killthecensors58]

@@HistorywithCy No problem. Keep up the fine work.

[@rahula.g5228]

It is just a myth .

[@HVLLOW99]

I can't wait for Maurya!

[@HistorywithCy]

Oh for sure, coming soon! Thanks again for stopping by!

[@TheFactbase]

Many Indian empires are probably lost in time.... Such as the ancient empire of King Bharata.... In ancient times India was known by many names such as Nabhivarsha, Sindhudesha, Aryavarta etc....

[@julians7268]

I wonder if their language will ever be deciphered... It will be interesting to find out what we had right and what was completely wrong.

[@thomasrealdance]

There are already some links tested with today's South Indian languages,

[@sameerarasaq4032]

The ancient world throughly and systemically your disscussed as it should be and is several lacking in the modern one a good great channel lam very interesting 😍😍

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks, really appreciate the kind words! More on history on the subcontinent to come, stay tuned and be safe!

[@sameerarasaq4032]

☺☺

[@deewesthill4705]

Regarding the statue of the "priest-king" shown wearing his garment over one shoulder with the other one bared. The philosophers of Greece are depicted dressed the same way. I presume this was done while they were teaching or lecturing to allow one arm to move freely in making gestures.

[@kevinhayes6933]

Did you know, they found a fragment of silk found in the valley of kings dated to 1070 bc

[@VishalKumar-nf4jp]

Best work that i have ever encountered .. Go for another one

[@lopamudraray4571]

Can you do another on the latest developments on the research on Indus Valley Civilized

[@JasonLankinoBandara]

Great content! Well done, and looking forward to the next one!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you, I appreciate the kind words...I should have the next one in this series out early Feb...stay tuned!

[@hasmatiks]

This is exactly what I needed.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you, glad you're interested in this stuff!

[@ColleenJousma]

Would it be right to assume the separation between the two (or more) parts of society came from Africa? Or would the Harappans be the first to create this society?

[@fainitesbarley2245]

I suppose humans tend to do the same things and develop in similar ways.

[@StarlitSeafoam]

I love the music you use in your videos.

[@existensistrubczthentruscatt]

Waiting for sangam period too, bro!😉

[@riyaasharmaaa]

amazing work!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you!

[@dhruvyadav3732]

Nice 👌 video you are such a great teacher in my scool their was test I have got full markes Thanks a lot of thanks

[@rakeshgalgat1717]

You are from India , I also from India

[@rakeshgalgat1717]

From haryana panipat 😁

[@ThatNewTeacher]

Thanks for the overview!!

[@HistorywithCy]

My pleasures, thanks for watching!

[@Snoozefor10minutes]

But you forgot to mention about the large cluster of settlements near a lost river called saraswati, which could have been major reason of decline in the civilization. The river also finds a lot of mentions in vedas(Hindu books)

[@youkabhi]

Vedas are fake. Just imaginary fictitious text. That's why there is no evidence of river saraswati. Saraswati is a fictitious river only found in mythological (imaginary, untrue) stories only.

[@Snoozefor10minutes]

@@youkabhi nope there are many proofs to prove it, one is obviously the dried up bed of river which is still visible from space and also there were many settlements in around these dried beds, much more than that we have found near Indus river

[@Snoozefor10minutes]

@@youkabhi saying Vedas fake? I already know where you are from, come out of the fake id abdul

[@youkabhi]

@@Snoozefor10minutes Hey man, why should you see it from space? Cant it be seen from the ground?? If anything is not visible on ground will it be visible from space? What fraud logic? Show me the space picture if any satellite has captured it. Give me the link of that website which has captured the photo of dried saraswati river.

[@youkabhi]

@@Snoozefor10minutes Vedas are fictional stories written by Brahmins to glorify themselves. Same way river Saraswati is also a fictional/mythological river only for the purpose of entertainment or storytelling or Literature not reality. No archeological evidence has been found yet for the river Saraswati. How did it enter into Vedas?

[@asit2k2]

Hey thanks.. Exam coming soon and thanks for clearing doubts 😊

[@deotank]

Great vid! But I have a small issue with your statement in the beginning. You said that the prehistoric occupation of India can go back half a million years, when it is around a million years more than that. Attirampakkam, the prehistoric site of which you showed the stone tools is currently the oldest site in India and it's earliest occupation has been dated to 1.5 million years BP using cosmogenic nuclide dating. You also have Isampur, dated to 1.2 mya using ESR dating and many sites like Morgaon, Bori, etc which predate the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal 800,000 years ago

[@edwardelric717]

What the hell are you talking about?

[@anneleb3467]

As for thé writing scolars have discovered analogies with the manding’s way of writing

[@marielchavez3910]

ayyyyyyyyyyyy i grew up with childhood channel

[@anshayrastogi8676]

This guy have somewhat good knowledge, when he said that India has prehistoric culture of atleast half a million year, he is so rightt

[@YAHsharal12]

🤣🤣half a million years ago...? OK! I don't think so. Actually, I know so.

[@anshayrastogi8676]

@@YAHsharal12 actually you know nothing., well it's not your fault

[@bazzaboy1100]

really enjoying your content, keep it up

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you, will do!

[@deewesthill4705]

I'm interested in the more ancient civilization along the Sarasvati River because apparently that river dried up long before the later civilization in the Harappan Valley. Also I'm interested in ancient migrations from India to Egypt and nearby areas of Africa and the Middle East. These are reflected in the fact that such languages as Arabic and Hebrew contain words and names similar to Indic ones. Examples include the biblical names Abram/Abraham and Sarai/Sarah that correspond to the god Brahma and his consort the goddess Sarasvati, namesake of the ancient river. The biblical names of Hagar, Ishmael and Isaac also seem to be Indic. Hagar's name is thought by linguists to be a combination of Hakra and Ghaggar, two tributaries of the Sarasvati, Ishmael from Ish Mahal meaning "Shiva the Great", and Isaac from Ish Yak, meaning "Shiva's friend".

[@Michael_De_Santa-Unofficial]

Indo-Aryan languages didn't influence Semitic languages. And no, there's no evidence to support a migration from India to the Middle East and North Africa.

[@deewesthill4705]

@@Michael_De_Santa-Unofficial Do you have proof of your claims?

[@Gwunderi25]

That's very interesting, and the similarities in the names really astonishing (doesn't seem "made up to fit in" at all). I'm surely going to delve into the subject - if you can indicate some source, otherwise I'll find them on my own. Thank you for bringing up this interesting topic.

[@shahidachoudhury6925]

Shiva means formless deity lingam means place of peace . In this world one group of people worship peacefully in their places of worship . You know who are they.

[@Shah-iu1bx]

@@Gwunderi25 It could be other way around as well, there are 2 theory that exist and they both have their proponents and critiques, one says aryan people came from central asia and vedas and those names formed after wards, other one says indian people migrated to ither lands and took their culture with them, but theory that states centrial asians migrated to india is more plausible because historically and scientifically human migration happened from africa to middle east to all other places on earth.

[@michaelsilorio3160]

wow! very helpful good job and God bless!

[@MrBerto800]

Can you please go further into the concept that people lived in India “half a million years ago”? That number seems off.

[@talisikid1618]

Who could dislike this? Why is there any thumbs down?

[@karlabird2543]

🌵Cy thank you amazing video always fun and interesting keep up great work it's going to be a fun 2020 🙋‍♀️🌵

[@HistorywithCy]

Yes, 2020 is going to ROCK!!!!!!!!! As always, thanks so much for stopping by, great to always see you here!

[@dibassarkar2898]

"Its going to be a fun 2020" .... you spoke to soon lol

[@nnes759]

LATEST Big NEWS on Indus valley civilization one recent excavation ~3-4 years back(but only 5-10% works done so far) it's near west of NewDelhi & south of Chandigarh of Hariyana state i.e few hundreds km south of Harappa but it's Double in Size: I.e. RAGHIGARI site It's With very similar precise brick houses, bath& Toilets with sewer system, storage citadel, Double square meters in Size, with preliminary carbon dates of 6500-7000 BCE( i.e 8-9000 yrs old or 3-4000 yrs Older than Sumeria & Harappa), Got similar Artifacts of Harappa ( clothes, pottery, tools, jewellery, toys, grains/farming but all are ~3000+ yrs more Older) with several skeleton & one with pristine DNA extractable that showed up full match to current Tamilnad Dravidian Irullar's aboriginal hill natives too. This RAGHIGARI site now perhaps the Oldest Most human planned city civilization out dating Sumeria & Harappa by 3-4000 yrs, But Sadly, per handful of news indicating as it's not Funded well, apparently, due to unknown/ Confusing situation of the Current Governments caused by election Politics or plain wrong headed confusions.. !!? as, even the Scientist were concerned announcing above mentioned DNA results, knowing it's not Agreeing with Gov current overwhelming positions on Ariyans vs Dravidians narratives as to who's the1st Indians, also Sanskrit or Tamil the oldest Indian language etc ongoing hyper Debates !?I is this all possible? because current Indians, from North to South all have more or less very similar looks& similar DNAs too !! right? but also super sadly, per the same News, this site is currently semi abandoned & some Looting has been already taking place at Raghigari (per 1.5yr old India Today/ indian Times etc articles on this latest Dna result & on funding shortage & semi abandonment etc stories) All of which I stumbled upon during recent web searches, then wikipedia & then more news from few released articles of 3-4 archeological reports & other Indian News report links...All in the last 4_5 weeks times, And indeed all these made my jaws dropped & grinch at the same time. Some incredable Biggest world history news's been pushed to the back burners !!? really! While like many vlogs on Harappa stating, yes it's right that all reports indicates of NO sign of Armies or War equipments, But only some people councils of two levels, WOW Brown, black& Whites ancient people, as like Marssians ? seem to be very Advanced & magnificently very harmonious, civilized with farming, jewellery, pots, tools etc society makers too 🌼🌟👍 that have been getting unearthed in Indus-- Harappa region& .. i.e. this largest& oldest in RAGHIGARI then Harappa, Mohenjadaro + the other few more smaller cities in Indus valley + Identically similar Harappa like newer(600-900+BCE) two cities unearthed near Madurai, TamilNad too recently, all indicating a connect the dots story with a 600-1000 yrs gap from 1900 to 1300 BCE slow ruining to 950 BCE restart in Tamilnad where some decipherble writings being unearthed slowly too, that might tell more useful info soon too hopefully.

[@sarojinichelliah5500]

Has this any connection with the Jaipur Dialogues ?

[@nnes759]

@@sarojinichelliah5500 This is the 1st time I hear about Jaipur...what? Above comment is my own learning of Raghighari just 1-2 mo ago only, despite learning of origin of Hinduism, Harappa etc 30+ yrs ago then of Sumeria several months back only +latest awareness of heavy ongoing debates, bragging, hyper confusions, decimation of twisted facts...about who's oldest or original Indians etc, etc while this Raghigari excavation & it's explosive age & it's Dna results all have been sitting in plain sight wrapped in subdued news portals for an year+ now ...( Including this author of Harappa now missing it too).…

[@sarojinichelliah5500]

@@nnes759 busy now . Will let you have the links later

[@sarojinichelliah5500]

Try Nilesh Oak or Ssngam Talks. It’s all about Indic knowledge theft by the west and an Indic civilisation that goes back more than 25000 BC according to the Vedic scriptures with reference to astronomical data from the vedas. It’s a protest about incorrect facts that states the Aryans as a race of invaders who drove away the Dravidians and were responsible for the civilisation of Indian Peninsular. I’m not an expert on the subject but follow the talks.

[@nnes759]

@Sarojini Chelliah I've been living in the west for decades since mid teen & out of my own inquiries/ explorations on origins of humans, races, religions 1s that expanded into Languages, various important countriies, history, cultures their commonalities, astronomy, foods, etc, Etc etc (& indeed my own ancestry comes in part of these explorations always too) all started during my statrt of post secondary education at late teens & that never stopped for decades as a high curious hobby so far, not as religious or language dedications or fanatism that keep me grounded objectively,, hopefully. Lately in there are explosions of more archeological excavation using satellites imaging, etc + various good& fake stoty websites, all moving rapidly, while still remaining a strong hobbyist trying to connect many learned dots objectively not allowing excessive unscientific or mythical or legendries, mystical or conspiracy theories, ake news etc to affect me or run me wild,, as these are happening very commonly everywhere, on many subjects(elections, Covid19, history, languages, Aliens etc) in many nations including US, UK, Brasil, Russia, China, S.Lanka,, Burma & India is no exception either. I've been seeing references of Sangam talks.., Hindutwas, RSS? etc trying so hard lately, they both kind of lost all their original good values as good solid Reasonable society advocates for saivites & vishnavites (instead of for Hinduism) while now super excessively embracing false or fake or utterly baseless Cinderella arguments simply based on 300-1300 Ce written Puranas, vedas, Ramayanas, Thevaras, kumari kandum, lumeria etc claims as 5000-50000 yrs old established facts, sadly. all these have considerable high concerems especially when these groups not combining unearthed hard evidence along with mythical stories matching events or the likes, instead of arguing sheerly on mythical un earthed (or pulled out of Indian ocean) evidences, like this Raghigari,(5-6000bce) Keeladi, AdichaNallur(500-900bce), Harappa3-4000bce), Sumeria,4-5000bce) Jeraicho( 8-9000 bce) + european 10-15,000 bce cave paintings) etc instead of spewing 10,000+ yrs evidentless stories in which krishna, Siva etc come to earth to talk with other dream characters type stories that were written 14-1500-1700 yrs ago only, written as epic Mythologies. It's seriously necessary to argue based on available ancient facts like arrival of nomads & warriors 200 bce to 6000 bce from MiddleEast, Africa Steppe etc continuously....... It's paramount.

[@anselmdanker9519]

Great presentation, thank you.

[@blueeyes6852]

Well that was fun! Lots of great pictures too! I never liked history until I found your channel! Thank you Cy! I really mean it! Hope you and yours are well! 😁👏

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you, so glad this channel has had an impact on someone... was the goal really. More to come, and thanks for your inspiring comments!

[@joshjacob1530]

My ancestors :) truly genius.

[@ryugasinha]

Wtf

[@joshjacob1530]

what u wtf me 4@@ryugasinha

[@GyanTvAmit]

​@@joshjacob1530these were indians,your ancestors dont even have such civilization in europe😂

[@joshjacob1530]

these were not indians. These were iranicabo titans godmen who lived for thousands of years in a realm that stays stable in a advanced sohisticated culture and extreme cleanliness. @@GyanTvAmit

[@John_O_Connor]

@@joshjacob1530 Sindhis are Pakistanis. Sindh is a Pakistani state. Sindhi Civilization is Pakistani heritage and the forefathers of Pakistanis. Where the hell did Indians come in from 😂

[@harrypotter1359]

Awesome work ,very helpful thanks sir!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks, really glad you enjoyed it! Thanks for stopping by and stay safe!

[@colewebb1425]

hi please turn on the caption and let me know when you have the caption working and I will come back to watch thank you I love all kinds of history

[@HistorywithCy]

Will do, thank you!

[@colewebb1425]

@@HistorywithCy thank you I'm back to watch :-)

[@NSbergthor]

Geographical data from ASI show they migrated eastwards due to drying Sararswati river. why video still quote invasion when when its deemed most unlikely is beyond me

[@kethavathmanojsinghbiology3031]

It's due to inavsion

[@AMagrow]

Thank you, thank you!

[@HistorywithCy]

You're welcome, glad you stopped by!

[@Rafy182003]

Why not call then the Maluhhan Civilization?

[@HistorywithCy]

That's an interesting point. However, Maluhha was its name in ancient times and used primarily by Sumerian and later Akkadian speakers; it's probably not what the people of this civilization called themselves, something which we don't know. Indus Valley /Harappan is what scholars call it today and what most viewers would be familiar with. Thanks for stopping by, really appreciate it. Stay safe!

[@Rafy182003]

@@HistorywithCy Which is far less accurate unless they believe the people of Mohenjo Daro called themselves Harrapans. At least Maluhha is a name that was used by people in their own time.

[@ವಿರೂ-ಯ4ಜ]

5000 years ago the Sindhu civilisation found in the area of todays Afghanistan, pakistan and north India up to Maharasthra. During 2020 test of RNA DNA of a female body done at Rakhigarh of Hariyana state of India which body belongs to this civilisation, it says that it does not have R1A1 DNA of Aryans, means they were dravidians (now settlled at south India) and worship only and only Shiva (Pashupati), Dravidians were very peacefull and belongs to SHAIVA religion. Aryans were nomads and cruel from steeppe area of Rusia invaded or destroyed this civilisation who worship Vishnu, Ram, Krishna etc belongs to VAISHNAV religion, who wrote Ramayana Mahabharat showing that they are the origins of India. Baluchi language of Baluchistan is one of the Dravidian language like Kannada, Tamil, telugu, Malayali etc of south India.

[@ವಿರೂ-ಯ4ಜ]

@GalileoSphere are aryans well cultured? Is there any systematic well planed cities found which was built by Aryans? Are found cities destroyed which built by sindu valley people? If they were civilised how many states they won before entering sindhu ವಾಲೆ?

[@greaterbharat4175]

@Come to *PAPA!!!!* Dravidian people are related to anceint people of west eurasia, language like Finnish ( european) is related to Dravidian language as well as elamites ( pre Iranic) and akkadians language is similar with Dravidian

[@greaterbharat4175]

@Come to *PAPA!!!!* Dravidian are as much hairy like north Indian Aryan( including st sc OBC) , it clear that their male gene which dominating came very cold land and they are not considered as Ab-original Indian

[@பெருந்தகைசோழன்]

@@deepaknagar6213 My Natioality is Thamizharnadu and I am a citizen of Indian Union. Union of Nationals!

[@பெருந்தகைசோழன்]

@@greaterbharat4175 Which language in particualr? You see Dravidian its self is alien to Thamizh people. Just like sanskrit. And Yes The name Dravidian is a sanskrit word. Which got nothign to do with Thamizh People!

[@srikantamahananda1603]

"Vedic period" is one of the controversial timeline in indian history. Because it's start after the aryan invasion in India.Some people say that the Vedic period is millions of years old, but they don't even know what to prove.

[@MarendraNodi5.6-inch]

The so-called Vedic civilization is not even half of what Indus Valley was. The entire facade of Veda was brought into India by Aryan invaders

[@QuickBella]

The "Aryan invasion" theory has been long disproved. Read a history book.

[@s.shaliniib8560]

Super this helped in history exam.

[@HistorywithCy]

That's awesome...comments like this make my day and putting together these videos worth it. I'm glad that this was useful. Thanks so much for stopping by, really appreciate it...stay safe!

[@sankalpsraul]

Many valuables are in London museum 🤔 *Loot

[@janojano4791]

do the Elamites have links with the Dravidians? Where do the Dravidians of ancient Egypt come from I also saw links with the Ethiopians and also an article said the Dravidians they are former farmers of Iran later mixed with indigenous populations of India you suddenly are the Dravidians from the Middle East? I am Tamil I am very interested in where my people come from there are a lot of articles about Indo Aryans but very little about Dravidians

[@rahula.g5228]

Dravidas doesn't come from Egypt. Dravidas are indigenous people of India and lived in north even before Aryan invasion. It is said that the Indus dried and that led to dispersion of them to all parts of indian. Such as rhakigari site which shows the dna result to tribal people of tamil nadu. There are also extreme similarity between the keeladi and Harappan civilization.

[@janojano4791]

@@rahula.g5228 so where do the indo aryan come from? Northerners are very different from South Indians ...... are Elamites Dravidian

[@janojano4791]

@@rahula.g5228 Aren't the Dravidians the ancient people of Iran the farmers

[@penoge]

​@@rahula.g5228no, not indigenous

[@penoge]

The Dravidians came with Manu Vaivasvata (who was king of the Dravidians before) by ship in the great flood which ended the Tretayuga and the Chakshusha Manvantara from Kumari Kandam to the Himalayas!

[@belstar1128]

Cool i don't know much about the history of India most people only focus on Europe middle east china and japan i want to learn more about India and southeast asia.

[@HistorywithCy]

You're in the right place, more on India (and maybe later on southeast Asia) coming up! Thanks for stopping by, I really appreciate it!

[@blakeluccason9971]

@@HistorywithCy do one on the early thai

[@daniella2611]

This was very informative, thanks History with Cy/Cy (don't know your name, lol)

[@HistorywithCy]

Haha Cy is fine. Thanks so much for stopping by , really appreciate it! More to come, stay safe!

[@daniella2611]

@@HistorywithCy :-)

[@helveticaneptune537]

To everyone who says there are more sites in india than pakistan, stop reading wikipedia and look at current research which shows that these are POST HARAPPAN sites and too small and negligible. On the Pakistani side they haven't even excavated 10% whereas the indian side has covered almost all the sites. The core of the civilisation is in Pakistan not India

[@supreeth4518]

how did Harrapan civilisation came ?

[@ohajikargbo1973]

these people were dark africans before the Europeans got there and changed the history and culture and the religion. that started the slavery and the Untouchables issue we have today in 2021. Why nobody ever talk about these people were african are confusing to me. Why nobody speaks about that part. i enjoyed your video nice work

[@himalayas1647]

True dravidians had bloodline from nubian region

[@Ai-he1dp]

Hara...hara p pan... another great presentation!. Hurrah

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you, I really appreciate it!

[@nimayaghoubi374]

thank you sooooo much

[@dooberalam1754]

The site Harappa is in PAKISTAN NOT IN INDIA INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION HAS 1401 SITES DISCOVERED OUT OF WHICH 500 ARE IN PAKISTAN 900 IN INDIA AND 1 IN AFGHANISTAN

[@ikeshkumar9246]

Before 1947All that was considered India

[@based4560]

..

[@171_indranildutta6]

so plz take those dravidians into ur country

[@biljanamilanovic1682]

Molto, molto interessante. Sapevo che fosse civilta' molto antica pero' non immaginavo cosi' antica. Grazie tante! Con te divento piu' inteligente e' piu' colta. Penso che dovresti fare un importante professore di storia in una importante universita'. Complimenti davvero!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you so much, you are too kind! I hope that you are doing well... my prayers and thoughts go to all of you in Italy. May this crisis go away soon... stay safe!

[@biljanamilanovic1682]

@@HistorywithCy Grazie tante! Per adesso a Roma stiamo bene a domiciliari. Con i Suoi video sopravviveremmo. Tanti auguri anche a Lei e a tutti im Ameeica!

[@HistorywithCy]

Glad the videos help! I am watching more of other peoples videos too! Stay safe!

[@thibautnarme6402]

You mark the end of the civilization around 1300BC so more or less around the Bronze age collapse in the West. Could it have been a contributing factor?

[@mirandagoldstine8548]

Maybe. Who knows if the Bronze Age collapse in the Mediterranean has any connection to the collapse of the Harappan/Indus-Sarasvati River civilization. Good question to ask. It could be possible that trade was being conducted with the Mycenaeans indirectly and that it was a factor in the collapse.

[@Ayushiupadhyay24]

I want someone who knows about all the civilizations, whether it is about the Indus Valley Civilization or about everyone else, tell us about our past, what used to happen in the whole world and the historians of today are neither perfect They are not giving much information and will not be able to give even about their God, there are many Gods in the world, earlier there was no religion, all were one and humans, although the oldest language is Sanskrit but it is very less. I want to know many more which can not tell by just writing ok i have a question Was this civilisation just in one city or all over India? At the time of this civilisation, many countries were in India, so was the whole of India not so developed, was only one city, that is, this civilization so developed. Please reply me

[@rahula.g5228]

Sanskrit is not the oldest language in the world it is the Tamil which is the oldest

[@husambotros3958]

Its nice to breakaway form Mesopotamia for a while and see what was happening elsewhere.. great content and clear narrative voice is what's captivating.. Thoroughly enjoyable.. just wondering if the language they used could be deciphered using AI after all its a language of syllables and the possibilities of some of the basic words won't be beyond impossible.. it would be great if it happens.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks Husam for stopping by... still have to read the article you sent but will do shortly. About AI...that I don't know. I think they're looking for some sort of bilingual text which I doubt they'll find because Sanskrit wasn't written down until many years after Harappan civ ended. But I agree, if AI could help solve this linguistic mystery, it would definitely be a huge breakthrough!

[@PAWANKUMAR-xv8kt]

Thank you for your intresting video

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you for stopping by, I really appreciate it...stay safe!

[@RevengeOfTheTuna]

How about "The Elamites Part 4" ? Would be nice to see this topic brought to an satisfied end. I myself would include that the codex hamurabi was plundered by them and taken to susa. In their last days they served in the achemenid empire as part of the army of immortals. The brutal Battle of Til Tuba and the behistun inscription would be also interesting to note.

[@HistorywithCy]

Yup, the famous stele in the Louve was taken from Sippar by Shutruk-nahunte to Susa. I'm debating whether to finish Elam in the episode format that I've been doing it in so far, or making one big Elam episode with many of the highlights, since I haven't touched up on the topic of Elam for a while. I do want to conclude Elamite history before I get to the Achaemenids. Thanks for your interest, I really appreciate it!

[@RevengeOfTheTuna]

@@HistorywithCy Thanks for your reply. Even though im not a native english speaker your content is really entertaining and at the same time helpful to get more familiar with the english language. Apart from wikipedia, niche Topics like this are nearly non existent in the german language, especially in visualized form. So im really glad that i found this channel. Its also helpful for my choosen school presentation about mesopotamia. Funny to note is that even irving finkel mentioned in his lecture about cuneiform that nobody cares about elamites which i find odd when i consider how long they existed alongside sumerians and akkadian sucessors till early persian times. Their position as forgotten antagonist of mesopotmia, mesopotamian propaganda towards them and their relatively peaceful behaviour (at least in comparision to the assyrians) makes their history even more appealing to me. I dont know if you are still with me but i have heard the theory (it was either from the channel masaman or epimetheus) that they're believed to be geneticely close to the dravidians of south india, similar to the indus valley culture. That they once inhabited a large chunk of ancient iran as indiginous population and mixed/got assimilated with the arriving iranian tribes. The modern day iranian tribe of lurs that lifes in the same position where elamites once were, have a unique genetic make up according to wiki. This could serve as an indicator but i'm no expert by any means. But someone has to be careful with such claims because people often have some sort of nationalistic agenda behind it. Reminds me of the concept of turanism, where some even put scythians or etruscans under turkic banner xD Or the alt right ones with their aryan racial superiority delusion who always have to address that many central asians once had blonde/red hair... or the north indian aryan migration theory where hindus often get salty with. I guess people just have to accept that we are all mixed. That there is no incest ethnicity.

[@ashorhanepal4529]

The cultures of India and Sindh are necessary to know the cultural and civilizational roles in ancient Iraq

[@based4560]

Sindhustan

[@jamesruscheinski8602]

Maybe get together with India scholars for deciphering language / writing.

[@snowgw2]

Yay!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you!

[@HotZetiGer]

7:26 Shiva don`t have 3 face head

[@vedicguy6454]

Bro Lord Shiva have three face

[@GodofKings-Raj]

Evidence of rich cultural of Hinduism

[@AcanLord]

interesting video. i`ve read allot of controversy or at least lots of Angry posts by modern indians about the accepted history of the aryan peoples introduction into india and the surrounding area. they really dont seem to like or approve of the idea of the aryans having moved into the area from elsewhere ether conquering or absorbing what they consider to be dravidians.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks for stopping by! Yeah, that's something I'll be looking into a bit more for the next video. I understand their concerns and I'll be consulting the works of Indian scholars as well, so hopefully it'll be a balanced approach. Thanks again!

[@AcanLord]

​@@HistorywithCy I have seen something very similar when talking about ancient egypt. i`ve seen a few modern egyptians get pretty upset whenever anyone suggests Ancient egypt was ever conquered by anyone and flat out refusing to believe it. Odd considering its been a province of at least 5 different empires i`m aware of.

[@rahula.g5228]

@@HistorywithCy see the excavation of keeladi , tamil nadu. It has serious connection with Harappan civilization. It also proves that it is the dravidas who lived there

[@rahula.g5228]

@@HistorywithCy just remember to consult an south indian too. Because many north indians or may be forced by government , doesn't want many important information to be released as it is against Hindu tatva

[@chinmaybiswal9991]

@@HistorywithCy May be you should look into the research done by Koenard Elst. He speaks about how it started out as Out of India theory then later became Aryan Invasion Theory and then Aryan Migration Theory.

[@nicolemeinhart3383]

Cool