How horse nomads took over Europe 5000 years ago - David Reich

[@lilgarbagedisposal9141]

Barbie (2023) is clearly an allegory about the population exchange in europe during the chalcolithic age. Barbies are coded to be early european farmers, living in a comfortable yet stagnant environment of europe at the tail end of the ice age, with a culture revolving around female fertility (notice the second character introduced is a pregnant barbie). The second sequence shows Ken (Ryan Gosling)’s enterance into the story on a beach, mirroring the arrival of western steppe herder cultures as glaciers in europe retreated. Once Barbie and Ken venture into the “real world” (prophetic vision of the bronze age), ken adopts advanced technologies like the horse (horse), patriarchy (worship of a male solar deity), and cars (the wheel, expoundable into the horse-driven chariot). His donning of the fringe jacket and cowboy hat stir within the audience a yearning for westward expansion, from the Pontine Steppe through the Pannonia Basin and beyond. Ken transforming barbieland into the kendom mirrors the replacement of early european farmer (Vinča, Varna cultures etc.) with corded ware and bell beaker cultures, settled iterations of the kens’ previously pastoral culture. The only barbie not assimilated into the new cultural zeitgeist is weird barbie (basques), herself a cultural isolate even compared to other barbies pre-invasion. The final battle scene between the two Ken factions places particular focus on archery, hallmark of the Mongol civilization, which was the last of the steppe invasions of europe. Notice in this situation, Gerwig’s bravery in correctly having Ken (asian) represent the kingdom of Hungary (asian), whereas Ken (Gosling) is of course the ever-lasting Scythian spirit emanating from the steppe. Some scholars have suggested the light-blue void where the last battle takes place to be a metaphor for Tengri…

[@bkb04g]

For a comment to be so sarcastic and extraneous, you sure did spend some time on it. Gotta give you props.

[@rickyrekk5008]

@@lilgarbagedisposal9141 stop drugs

[@SimpleCivil]

@@bkb04ghave to agree. I respect the commitment

[@stefanovergari9815]

Oh gosh, i thought i was the only One seeing these level of crypto storytelling in Films..... I don't know if i should see Barbie....naaaa....but very interesting lecture 🤯

[@stefanovergari9815]

I mean... Highlander, for exhample...Is Also about that obviously ... My glasses are more in time in seeing the chemical wedding and the continuous replica of what happened With egyptian jews Jesus the Roman empire and so on....

[@souravjaiswal-jr4bj]

Yamnaya people. They were the founders of Indo-European cultures and languages. Thor, Zeus, and Indra (Hindu god) are all descendants of the same group.

[@ami443]

Yes but they are a minority in the population of mankind.... And appeared only 5000 years ago .. But they conquered the world... It's a mystery.

[@TheDominionOfElites]

Cool!

[@stanleyshannon4408]

Probably using the term Yamnaya too broadly. The founders of the later Indo-european speaking groups probably descended from a closely related group but not the Yamnaya themselves. Also, probably incorrect to refer to them as a horse culture. They had domesticated horses, but these would have been small, shaggy ponies, not the great cavalry steeds like the later invaders rode on. These guys were not making mounted cavalry charges or fighting from horseback.

[@Aj-tu4gv]

​@@stanleyshannon44087 rishis manu

[@hollynonya6991]

No

[@squamish4244]

Horse nomads quickly took over Europe...and were quickly domesticated. Europe ain't no place for nomads. And even when empires were established on large plains, they soon collapsed. The list of short-lived nomadic empires in history is long. "An empire conquered from horseback cannot be ruled from horseback".

[@Ashitaka255]

Historically, this is true for pretty much everywhere except for the steppes of central Asia. The mongols invaded Persia quickly assimilated into the culture. Same happened in China and India. It has been happening since the dawn of civilisation in the fertile cresent.

[@1rjona]

Yes, the horse nomads become settled. But they replaced the ruling Elites. A recent example of that is the Norman knights who replaced the Anglo Saxon aristocrats who fought as infantry

[@Corndogg316]

One way of interpreting it I guess. If a group slaughtered an existing population and replaced their genetics, what left did they have to conquer? The Vikings chilled out too after they had several generations of little resistance. People just chill out naturally after they stop being nomads. To characterize this as them being domesticated is a pretty big stretch IMO.

[@Adil_Turysbek_TVRC]

I heard this from Elui Chuqai (Khitan wise man).

[@RoosterNutz12]

Yamnaya never entered Central/Northern Europe. It was Corded Ware. None of them were on horseback because no one was riding horses at that time.

[@artsempai]

The Basques and Chechens, who are the remnants of pre-Indo-European diversity in Europe, are among the last groups unaffected by the population shifts brought by the Yamnaya people. They remained in refuges in the mountains of Iberia and the Caucasus

[@Alex-pd8zi]

No such thing as unaffected. People travel, conquer, enslave, and dance horizontal tango.

[@MrPanos2000]

​@@Alex-pd8zi Yes there is such thing as unaffected. Various populations in Europe have barely any Yamnaya ancestry

[@vladimirskala]

@@MrPanos2000 Not the case for Basque's. While their language is of pre-Indo-European descent, their genetics are similar to their non-Basque neighbor's, according to recent studies. Meanwhile, Sardinians are the opposite. Their language is obviously Indo-European, but genetics are almost completely from Anatolian farmers.

[@kevinkevinkevin1909]

No, northeast Asians were horse riding nomads. Long before Mongols who came to Europe who didn't just all leave, there were Huns, TarTar, Avars, Mal-Gal, etc.....

[@praz7]

Lol that's bs. Basques have steppe ancestry.

[@vladimirskala]

Recently, there was a Yamnaya grave excavated in Eastern Slovakia, further reinforcing its presence in the Pannonian Basin.

[@goldendome-l1l]

These are people that run around the Black sea, with those on the east eventually loosing contact with the mother ship I guess. Like today descendants come to the country of their greatgreatgreatgrandoarents. This probably happened a lot more often then we all suspect and know.

[@archangecamilien1879]

Lol...Dwarkesh always seems to be smiling when speaking...

[@kikaa1884]

​@@archangecamilien1879He is Brahmin he is asking about his Ancestors Cordedware culture

[@archangecamilien1879]

Lol...I was talking about his physical appearance...I think he looks like he is smiling when he's talking...

[@eodyn7]

@@kikaa1884 Indians aren't descended from the branch of the Yamnaya that went further into Europe. He's descended of the eastern Yamnaya branches that went down into Persia and India.

[@jakedee4117]

Between the time when the oceans drank Atlantis and the rise of the sons of Aryas, there was an age undreamed of. And unto this, Conan, destined to wear the jeweled crown of Aquilonia upon a troubled brow. It is I, his chronicler, who alone can tell thee of his saga. Let me tell you of the days of high adventure!

[@squamish4244]

Dum dum dum dum dum dum, Dum dum dum dum dum dum...

[@jakedee4117]

@@squamish4244 The ashes were trampled into the Earth, and the blood became as snow. Who knows what they came for... weapons of steel, or murder? It was never known, for their leader rode to the south, while the children went north with the Vanir. No one would ever know that my lord's people had lived at all. His was a tale of sorrow.

[@DanHalper]

Would your source on this possibly me - the Nemedian chronicles?

[@jakedee4117]

@@DanHalper Thats Conan the Barbarian, you probably know it from the 1982 movie starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, but the original source material was written by Robert E Howard in the 1930s. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_E._Howard en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conan_the_Barbarian Howard's "Hyborian Age" is an interesting fit for the time when the horse warriors of the Pontic steppes moved into Europe. He was a very strange man, almost unknown until after his death he said he wrote in a dream or fugue state, he shot himself at the age of 30.

[@oliverr6246]

“Yes! Do you know this, my boy? Would you like me to tell you? It’s least I’m able to do. This world’s strongest metal isn’t a strong boy. Your flesh is stronger! Look around you. There, on those rocks; that beautiful girl. Come to me, my child… That is strength boy! That is power! What is it compared at hand that wields it? Look at how much strength is in your body. An endless desire in your heart. I’ve presented you with this! Such a waste. Contemplate this upon our tree of woe. Crucify him!”

[@dylankenney9323]

“Including many of mine” a true scientist bravo 👏👏👏

[@andyleighton6969]

Science - less wrong every day.

[@Bejunckt]

Hearing 90% makes me think disease could've played a part in that demographic disruption in the settling of those groups from the east

[@MomirViggwilv]

This is a very underrated comment. Everyone jumping to conclusions saying it was a violent disruption is being foolish. One thing we know about animal agriculture is that it increases disease resistance in a population; if the yamnaya were the first ones to domesticate the horse, their arrival into europe could have heralded a plague that the locals could not survive, but that the nomads were resistant to.

[@christophercripps7639]

The tragic continuing history of the Western Hemisphere with regard to the Indigenous community-nations shows disease can disrupt. Would the Brits, Dutch, French, Portuguese and Spanish have been able to so quickly colonize in the absence of measles, smallpox and the like? Once 75-90% are gone other schemes can prevent population recovery.

[@woodwyrm]

possibly, also intermarriages and so forth

[@impudentdomain]

I think that very likely

[@bacikov7838]

nah they were just too genoicidal

[@m271-c1h]

I'm curious if they brought diseases also. And if that had a similar effect as what happened in the Americas with the indigenous populations.

[@sharonhoerr6523]

Yes, multiple sclerosis and the black death

[@squamish4244]

@@sharonhoerr6523 And MS rates are much higher in colder climates.

[@captainfury497]

impossible as these populations always had contact. The only reason old world diseases were deadly in the Americas were because they had no contact for centuries. In this case Both populations would've immunity to this theoretical disease or would've been deadly to both.

[@sharonhoerr6523]

@@captainfury497 My response was only in reference to the Yamanya of Asian steppes moving into Europe at the end of the neolithic age. It had nothing to do with the Americas.

[@captainfury497]

@@sharonhoerr6523 The Spanish colonization of America is a comparison. The difference is Yamnaya and Neolithic people of Europe lived closed to each other for centuries and traded and even interbred. So they couldn't have carried a deadly disease that would've been fatal to the Europeans like it was for Native Americans millennias later

[@LesCish]

What's the term at 0:21 ? "...from the continent bearing ancestry..." Prop majority?

[@NicolasTheondine]

Yes, ...bearing prop majority ancestry of ...(steppe herders).

[@StevenHughes-hr5hp]

Horse nomads took over both North and South America and it was much more recently.

[@danield831]

Horse nomads most certainly did NOT take over N and S America! By the time the horse was introduced to the America's by the Spaniards in the 16th and 17th centuries it was a later arrival for the native Americans. There were no Horse nomads in the Americas prior to that. You don't know what you're talking about!

[@StevenHughes-hr5hp]

@danield831 The nomadic migrants from Europe are the ones who brought them in. To both North and South America.

[@danield831]

@@StevenHughes-hr5hp Nice try. They were not Nomads. They were soldiers. They also built cities. European city dwellers. Not nomads!

[@StevenHughes-hr5hp]

@danield831 They might not have been nomads before they left Europe and chose to live a nomadic lifestyle on the other side of the Atlantic on a far off frontier... but they were nomads.

[@danield831]

@ lol… give it up, bro!

[@jasonhare8540]

Cavalry is a force multiplier. Especially if the people they're attacking have everything to lose and the cavalry has everything to gain.

[@pugilist102]

Yes, but most likely they brought the bubonic plague. Horses were not domesticated to the point that they can carry a man yet. Chariots would be useless in forested Europe.

[@RoosterNutz12]

There was no cavalry at that time. Corded Ware did not ride horses.

[@Fu-man-chu]

Fun fact Lithuanian is basically old sanskrith with many sanskrith words .. the Remova of Lithuania still practice early Vedic indo European rituals

[@ADUAquascaping]

Exactly! Thanks for the insights 😊

[@etorawa9367]

Lithuanian is perhaps the closest language to PIE.

[@parthkhanolkar7916]

Vedic rituals are native to India. The Lithuanias probably practiced pre vedic rituals.

[@memesins5647]

@@etorawa9367Sanskrit is not Lithuanian

[@rb98769]

It's not.

[@Adil_Turysbek_TVRC]

I am from Kazakhstan. Hello to my steppe brothers from europe!

[@mattihaapoja8203]

Give me back my land ¡

[@johnnyknows692]

Why is David Beckham on the thumbnail.

[@HalfbloodTribesman]

lol!

[@ribkan4759]

1:26 Corded Ware

[@Abbale]

And Asia*

[@leoscheibelhut940]

Does the DNA indicate whether the population disruptions were caused by disease, "ethnic cleaning", or some other factor?

[@leoscheibelhut940]

@@user-io3f4dx1j As barbarous, callous, and murderous as the Spanish Conquest was, most of the indigenous deaths were inadvertently caused by the introduction of Eurasian diseases by the Spanish and other colonizers. Later on the English and others would deliberately spread disease by trading "smallpox blankets" but the initial disaster of introduced diseases appears to have been accidental.

[@Roz-k3n]

Yeah and the native americans gave europeans siphilis, which is widely spread today in Asia and Africa.So they should thank amerindians for thst.And also all the people dying because of cancer, other pulmonary disease would like to thank amerindians for tobacco.

[@Roz-k3n]

And the diabetic americans probably want to give thanks for sugar cane.

[@anara5570]

Not sure what farmers were in Poland, northern Germany, and the Baltics around 4000 years ago. All very heavy wooded territories, with narrow pathways in between.

[@Hakunamatata-zr5wj]

"Early European Farmers" that came from the middlea east thru anatolia settled mostly in South, Western Europe but also they managed to get into Germany, and Poland aswell. Baltics, Scandinavia and Russia were not fit for farming at that time and besides Eastern Ukraine West Russia was occupied by the Proto Indo Europeans. They had the tools to cut down forests and make space for farmlands. During the Bronze age something happened, probably a rapid population growth that made them migrate west into Europe, Northern Europe and South and Central Asia and even Western China. They slaughtered the anatolian farmers that were present in Poland, germany, France, italy and Spain and The British Isles. They spared the women and took them as brides. Hence western europeans have about 30-50% anatolian farmers ancestry and 50% Yamnaya, but in Northern Europe and North Eastern Europe (Baltics) there were no anatolian farmers present so you can say modern scandinavians and balts are probably closest to how those Proto Indo Europeans looked like. Slavs were also very Indo European in appearance originally but the later migration of Mongol tribes, Khazars, Uralics, Central Asians, Siberians and People from Caucasus, Balkans, mediterraneans, and later on semitic peoples from Levant region in 16th until the 20th century and Iran changed their DNA very much

[@anara5570]

@Hakunamatata-zr5wj thank you for such a great explanation 💥

[@Hakunamatata-zr5wj]

@@anara5570 No Problem, Also Yamnaya (Proto Indo Europeans) are the reason why Northern Europe is so different to Southern Europeans appearance-wise. Southern Europeans have more early european farmers/anatolian migrants that came from the middle east DNA, they have olive/darker skin tones and dark hair and eye colors, they are more gracile in stature and shorter than northern euros becouse they ate a plant based diet from farming, Vey High Protein diet be it from red meat or raw milk and dairy gives the body a lot more builduing blocks to grow both in height, stature and strong bones in the face, low protein high carb diet is also the reason why so many Indians and Asians today are still way shorter than Europeans, Asians also switched to agriculture the fastest from all humans Northern Europeans are from the Yamnaya people who themselves come from a mix of WHG(Western hunter gatherer) and EHG(Eastern Hunter gatherer) and ANE(Ancient North Eurasians) They got light eyes (blue,green,gray) and lighter hair colors (mostly blonde or dark blonde) Light colored eyes developed as a adaptation to long nights in Scandinavia and Eurasia region, scientists who conducted experiments in the US army noted that marines with blue eyes could see 10x better than marines with brown or black eyes during the night. Light or even pale skin is for getting vitamin D from the sun, but back in upper paleolithic there were hunter gatherers with blue eyes and dark skin still becouse they had such a high protein consumption that there was no need to develop light skin yet. Tall stature of Northern sphere of Europe as opposed to Southern EU comes from the ancestors of the Yamnaya (EHG/WHG) who hunted wooly mammoths and other mega fauna animals. Modern society nerfed us very hard, sure we got taller than we were 200 years ago but we are still not as tall as those prime hunter gatherers living on the most healthy diet ever recorded in human history (they had no processed foods, fast foods, sugar added to everything, no microplastics or endocrine disruptors present in 90% of the things and food we have today) average height for those hunter gatherers in europe, Patagonia, Native Americans, Parts of Africa and even Asia (so all continents, all races) was 6'4 (193-194cm) for males, perfect facial structure due to very good nutrition and very tough diet that stimulates the jaws to grow forward and strong. People think we live in the best times in humanity but 90% of people live in constant stress due to work (wage slaveing), consume horrendous foods, have high cortisol and have diseases and cancers that did not exist back then. The only thing that improved was medical care for some serious life threatning injuries, the internet for gaining knowledge, rest is a total downgrade

[@minimal8187]

​@@Hakunamatata-zr5wjyamnaya were a mix of Eastern hunter gatherers (EHG) and Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG)

[@Hakunamatata-zr5wj]

@@minimal8187 and EHG come from a mix of WHG and ANE mixing together, ANE are from WHG and siberian hunter gatherers mixing together So EHG are still way more closly related to WHG

[@obstinatejack]

I think it’s easier for cultural practices to spread than genetic exchanges. Meaning the indigenous Europeans learned to ride horses rather than getting replaced by those horse riders from outside

[@BobAbc0815]

Native Americans learned to ride Horses pretty fast.

[@cmd7930]

Most of northern european dna is from yamnaya. Like 50%

[@afcgeo882]

Some of this is a bit difficult to swallow. For example, the comment about Europe being densely populated. It wasn’t, until about the 18th century. When the Mongols invaded around 1240, all of Europe had about 73 million residents, less than 1/10th of today’s population. 5000 years ago the population of Europe was just 7 million.

[@Adil_Turysbek_TVRC]

Well the whole of Great Steppe (from which these nomads came) had like 2 million population. Mongolia for example (during Genghis khan) time had 800k population. For us steppe people 73 million europe was quite densely populated. Nowadays Mongolia has 3 million while Europe has 700 million.

[@afcgeo882]

@@Adil_Turysbek_TVRC None of what you took so much time to write out says anything.

[@doggSMK]

The world population at that time was probably in the hundreds of millions, probably around 500M

[@afcgeo882]

@ Why are you guessing? This was already calculated. The world’s population around 3,000 b.c. was just around 14 million according to worldometers. Around 7 million of them lived in Europe.

[@altontacoma]

An excellent scientific conclusion.

[@FiniteResources7734]

Yes. And no mention of religion 😊

[@dnd-yd2uu]

far from that

[@jacekb4941]

Not again... There are very few weapons in Yamna tombs. Corded Were moved mostly to the East establishing Sintashta and Andronovo culteres and few others too. There are no signs of warfare in Indus Valley. Stop calling it invasion, it was a migration but Indo-Europeans were simply insanely strong in numbers due to lactose tolerance and a lot of calories from diary products. Read about Hatti so called 'conquest' by Hittites. Assyrian modus operandi was not at all how Indo-European groups expanded

[@tudorm6838]

That is northern Europe, In other countries Indo-European DNA is less than 30% or even smaller, especially in southern Europe.

[@user-yt3xd2jl6d]

In Southern Europe it is between 14% to 30%, Southern Italians and Greeks have 14%, Sardinian Italians have 5%. Mesolithic Europeans mixed with Anatolian farmers, the mixture gave rise to European farmers, 75% Anatolian and 25% Mesolithic, these Europeans mixed with the Indo-Europeans of the Steppes, giving rise to modern Europeans. Northern Europeans reach 50% Yamnaya.

[@chubbywubby90]

​@@user-yt3xd2jl6dcould that explain why southern europeans are so inferior to northern?

[@rb98769]

@@chubbywubby90 What is that even supposed to mean?

[@stefano_etrusco]

@@user-yt3xd2jl6d Well said.

[@Adil_Turysbek_TVRC]

​@@chubbywubby90 Inferior in terms of what?

[@AmberExista]

Ah but Martin already knew the Dothraki horse lords are savaging and conquering the rest of the continent. Just ask him and he'll tell you the rest of the story.

[@eadcurso]

Relevant

[@MbisonBalrog]

That photo in thumbnail is depiction of what race/tribe?

[@SG-js2qn]

This influential culture came from the Baltic down toward the Black Sea in multiple migrations, filling that area around c. 5000 BC. Later, the people spread from primarily the Baltic, centered around Lithuania, around 2500 BC, spreading IE language. They SAILED to the British isles and to the Galician coast of Spain. They traveled overland in ox-drawn carts to northwestern China and northern India and Persia. They SAILED across the Black Sea and other waterways to reach Anatolia and Greece. This was following routes they'd already traveled in the past, having previously ventured as far as Mesopotamia and Egypt around 1000 years before the development of IE language. Reich is an old progressive unable to escape his generation's thinking.

[@miriamwells35]

I have DNA from the Black Sea and Russian Caucases. I amwhat is known as ‘black Irish’. For centuries we thought it was Spanish

[@IdontKnows-cv7on]

Who is Steppe People ? Is from Central Asia (Turk) or From Kaukasia ? Any one can help me

[@mollyesebargeman7395]

22149 Kessler Bypass

[@furiogiunta7886]

Once nomads acquire good lands for farming, they cease to be nomads.

[@ZZZZ-d8i]

Don't forget the fact that Yamnaya replaced by White Huns and Golden Horde. Hungarians, Avars, Bulgarians, Estoninans Scandinavians (Vikings). They are not Indo-Europeans. They are Ural-Altaic people.

[@ronbyers9912]

Are the arriving people killing the old people or are diseases depopulating the indigneous people allowing the new people to move into a depopulated area.

[@datamasterblaster]

Horse riding people of the steppes of the Siberia and Central Asia are also known as Turkic people as they were part of the Turco MOngolian group. Not sure why this is not to be mentioned on this topic just curious.

[@Adil_Turysbek_TVRC]

Some westerners believe that the western steppe people were indoeuropean speaking. For example cimmerians, scythians, sarmatians, sacae. Although they do not have enough evidence on this.

[@tommyrq180]

There’s no such thing as “hard data” from the past. We’re still guessing. And guessing about our past is a very human, very noble thing, indeed. But it’s still guessing, and mostly wild guessing. When you explore the technology of DNA dating, you soon discover it’s also been revised, changed, updated, and re-adjudicated. As it will be in the future. 😅

[@ivan24zg]

Nonsense. We literally have the DNA evidence from 5,000 years ago. Thousands of samples that can can be analysed.

[@alicelund147]

David, in a lecture you say that the "Core Yamnaya" came from a few thousand individuals in the Lower Dniepr (Serednii Stih). Where they really nomads if they lived is such a small geographical area? And in a relatively small group without admixture? They lived there for at least 300 years before expanding everywhere. Doesn't sound like nomads.

[@AhJodie]

Interesting!

[@Bridge_2702]

Hail Indra

[@doggSMK]

This is so interesting, I want to know more! Imagine Hitler understanding that his arians where such a mix of people from Eurasia and Africa. He would have sh-t himself way earlier 😂😂😂

[@senorfedora9630]

Yeah! 😂

[@YaseenBadarudeen]

And they looked different, aryans were brunette hair with milky white skin and with sharp nose. Og Europeans were albino white with blonde hair

[@OriginForExistence]

Because Aryans were Descendants from an Austronesian Expansion that also lands in the Indus Valley, and Corded Ware and Beaker landing on the Northern Atlantic Facades including Stonehenge, both being Sea and Current bound and coming from the y-HP R Roots in the Americas, Late Austronesian Expansion making a much larger Detour with in between Cradles, possibly in Sahul (Australia). kzbin.info/www/bejne/ipqcmaNnncmLrac

[@Kanasubigi896]

Og Europeans were not albino lmao wth

[@obstinatejack]

Finland still had a sizable East Asian looking natives as late as early 19th century. They are just as og as one can be

[@cmd7930]

@@obstinatejackthey are sami, not yamnaya

[@memesins5647]

@@Kanasubigi896They were albino. And yr a yamnaya rap #ee baeby.

[@maxwalker1159]

Interesting

[@bombatta1544]

Kid, don't speed up your videos.

[@admonster11]

Its happening again now.

[@BOBBOBBOBBOBBOBBOB69]

Bingo, if it happened before it could happen again. The liberal elite don't want the plebs getting uppity.

[@martian9999]

bad data, wrong conclusion.

[@Bakarost]

​@@martian9999 so there isnt a huge increase of migrant waves into europe and usa? Then why is there so much political strife from these nations? Quit acting holier than thou its plain to see the replacement is happening bit by bit

[@admonster11]

@@martian9999 Replaced by Angela Merkel's children

[@f-86zoomer37]

What???

[@NicolasTheondine]

Quite funny. In front of a scientific audience speaking of his genetics own (good) works mr. Reich is like, errr errr _inaudible words_ um um um _some words_ so so from from from etc. But here all of a sudden he is very clear. In archeology...

[@65stang98]

funny how some horse nomads come out of the east multiple times in history just to fuck shit up for awhile.

[@AlexSilva-dd8vf]

I thought it was Ari Shaffir at first

[@russiaprivjet]

dude, same!

[@Sarah-u2n]

00326 Hackett Mews

[@RandomGuy-df1oy]

horse was domesticated by the botai culture, not indo europeans

[@Cgl3g3nd]

I disagree with the 90% nomad. hunter gathers were wiped out by Anatolian Farmers then the nomads came and became around 15% of our DNA.

[@HamletJeff]

2616 Dibbert Mount

[@AbbottMavis]

0548 Bogisich Hollow

[@shirleyramacey2257]

5233 Hudson Via

[@hertzer2000]

All those words and we're still guessing. Neat.

[@rishavsharma2349]

Interestingly, south asia was also invaded by tribes of horse riding and cow-raising people called Aryans around the same time.

[@JohnSmith-xq6cv]

Same group

[@Adil_Turysbek_TVRC]

​​@@JohnSmith-xq6cv Not really, steppe nomads conquered europe 2800-2500 bce. While aryans (steppe nomads as well) conquered India 1500 bce. But steppe nomads who conquered europe did it from Pyreneas. They basically left steppe and went to Caucasus first, then to Mesopotamia then to Egypt (one pharaoh was researched and he had steppe genes). Through north Africa they reached Iberia and marched north and east. Basically they were ancestors of Celts and had R1b Y haplogroup. While aryans had R1a z93 (common for some Turkics, Pushtuns and some north Indian groups).

[@kushagermaithani8871]

​@@Adil_Turysbek_TVRC well no R1A1A y chromosome originates in South Asia/ indian subcontinent and no migration happened in 1500 B.C. recent genetic survay completely disprove the earlier belief. Dr neeraj rai ( indian Genetection) whose research is well accepted in international level on the basis of a proper genetic survey disprove the early claim of aryan migration even the genetic evidence shows that from India human population migrates to Europe one of the early human migration to Europe. The diversity of R1A y chromosome is two times more than the diversity in Europe. The scientific believe is that the region where the diversity of gene is more from there the migration occurred. Not only diversity but the frequency of this gene is also more as compared to Europe. In your comment you mention the presence of R1A1A Chromosome in North indians. In 2001-2002 to 2003 some genetic surveys were conducted in India in which the r1a chromosome was found these genetic surveys were specifically conducted on North indians and in general category north indians but now after a proper genetic survey conducted by Dr neraj rai and his team the r1a is also found in South Indians, tribes and in law cast indians as well

[@rickyrekk5008]

Northern indians have Yamnaya genes too

[@ami443]

Not only them

[@BellBeakerBloke]

Less than 5%

[@BellBeakerBloke]

It’s not “north Indians” it’s all Indians Higher castes, smarter people, taller people, Northerners all have more steppe DNA in India But the Steppe DNA is later, so it’s small % Yamnaya. Most came via the very blond Corded Ware

[@ami443]

@@BellBeakerBloke smarter people?? What drugs are you on???

[@captainfury497]

@@BellBeakerBloke Funny because all the smartest people in India are from the south. And IVC were one of the first and most advanced civilizations in the world. Furthermore North Indians have upto 30% steppe. even South Indians have more steppe ancestry than Sardinians and Sicilians

[@rajeshji2811]

Dr. Nilesh Oak can help fill the gaps of David.

[@YoutubeVagabond]

Dr David has academic credentials with big universities. Oak is an internet joker

[@opticscolossalandepicvideo4879]

This is sick. They killed my peoples 😢

[@MbisonBalrog]

I don’t get horseback archery being so powerful. It is hard to aim bow on move. The horses get tired. You can not handle more than one horse in battle. Plus if you wearing armor horse get even more tired. Foot soldiers should be dominant. Crossbows are better. Settled cultures have higher population.

[@vopohame]

Horse cultures universally train from the earliest part of youth, the young teenagers generally would be in charge of additional horses, armor and crossbows didnt really exist at the time this video was talking about

[@chrissorrels7093]

The Huns and Mongols showed the power of mobile warriors using the power of the bow. Genghis Khan defeated major populated cities. The Yamnaya probably only had to deal with wooden fortresses. But disease wiped out a large percentage of the farmers. DNA has proof from the black plague residue in the bones of neolithic farmers buried in mass graves in Europe

[@MbisonBalrog]

@@vopohame but still farmers train archery from standing at early age for hunting and is just easier shoot standing.

[@Sevro_Au_Barca]

They dominated with horses by trampling over the enemy. A dozen horsemen can wipeout a village by simply riding over them at full gallop.

[@littlebitofhope1489]

@@MbisonBalrog So tell me, how much time have you spent shooting a bow and arrow from a horse? How much have you ridden at all?

[@Roz-k3n]

So white European and woman.1.Horses are from temperate zones.2.You can find horse painting in caves from Stone age, although to be fair in that period ate them.3.Bigger,taller horse does not kean better and in that period horses wete much smaller becsuse of climate.Look up the horses from north european countries, they chose small types because they are more resistant to the climate.Only superficial nobles latter choose the tall, bigger horses for show, and the intelligent europeans used the small type of horses because they were better.

[@kevinkevinkevin1909]

Northeast Asians were the 1st horse riding nomads. Long before Mongols who came to Europe who didn't just all leave, there were Huns, TarTar, Avars, Mal-Gal, etc.....

[@cambodianpleasuresquad1753]

but i think indo european scythians predated them as horse nomads

[@rb98769]

No one is talking about horseback riding nomads in this video.

[@Adil_Turysbek_TVRC]

​​​@@cambodianpleasuresquad1753 Scythians originated in North East Asia. Near Mongolia. Then they went to the west and conquered many peoples in Europe.

[@atibakojo3478]

Im just glad he realized that all that stuff he just said could be and probably is completely wrong. Let's count the accepted theories later proven completely wrong. They base their stuff on their own limited view of humans capabilities, and personal culture biases. And looking in trash heaps and grave robbing only gives one a very limited view of a society. In a 100 years we can see the changes in our own world. He talking over thousands of years. A whole group of people can disappear in 50 years or less.

[@TheDavidlloydjones]

The Mongol Spot is a pink spot on the outsides of the buttocks; it fades around a person's mid-thirties -- the normal age of death, way back when. It is said, I don't know with how much authority, if any, to be a genetic inheritance from some Mongol horseman. Maybe even more than one. In France it is said to be found as far as Langue d'Oïl but not Langue d'Oc , but the all the people have been mixing it up since the railways, military conscriptions, and the occasional revolution recently.. The Japanese are of course One People, genetically unpolluted, from Hokkaido to Okinawa, so it is ridiculous to imagine that the Mongol Spot was found everywhere up to that wall at the end of the Odakyu Line, an old Empress's property line, so naturally nothing at all to do with breeding, uh, genetics.

[@f5rwall]

Too many sweeping assumptions 😅

[@topheftyr533]

I like how LITERALLY every single on of the guests you have on your show is Jewish

[@buzzobuzzo]

the nazi is upset because my grandfather was a gypsy

[@PatricKlein86]

I only see people

[@BellBeakerBloke]

It’s okay to call them who they were. Massive, tall, milk-drinking Aryans. Everything the Germans said about the Nordic race has been verified with modern genetics. Of course that makes “”Reich”” uncomfortable.

[@squamish4244]

Ahhh...no. Nomads that we have historical records for were short and like agriculturalists of that era, underfed. Even thousands of years later, the richest Mongol families would go without food for several days at a time during the harshest winters. Why do you think they invaded the civilizations around them? They wanted to get the hell off the frigid plains and their fragile ecosystems. At least agriculturalists had a food supply that was unstable, but more stable than that of the steppe. And it was warmer. These people were also not originally steppe dwellers, but came from the dark forests of Siberia 20,000 years ago. People who have spent many thousands of years on the steppe develop darker skin and the epicanthic fold. These people were not steppe dwellers for very long, as humans go, as the modern horse was not bred until about 10,000 years ago and they invaded Europe 5,000 years ago or less. White skin and round eyes only evolve in cold, dark forested areas. The native Americans of the North American Great Plains grew tall and strong because of the bison. They fired the plains to maintain food for the bison herds, which grew larger when they got horses. But the nomads of Asia did not have bison. Don't romanticize that pseudoscientific Aryan b.s., which has been so thoroughly debunked that it's comical that you're bringing it up now. Nevermind that the Germans themselves were a crazy mixture of peoples and genes, and I'm not sure how planning the mass murder of 120+ million Slavs, who came from the steppe north of the Black Sea much more recently than the awesome Nordic peoples supposedly came off the steppe, figures into these racial theories.

[@ivan24zg]

@@squamish4244 We have thousands of DNA samples from the Yamnaya period, and you can literally see from the DNA evidence what was their skin and eye color, height, head shape etc.

[@MbisonBalrog]

@@squamish4244didn’t the Steppes have 🐄? Also Eurasian steppe horses are hella small. I doubt they can carry a large human.

[@MrPanos2000]

Yamnaya were taller than average with brown eyes and black hair. Ancestry mainly from Caucasus and North Eurasian hunter gatherers. Their phenotypes would be most simillar with the people of the Caucasus or Iranic ethnic groups today. I somehow doubt that "confirms" all the "Nordic" theories

[@AniketanPelletier]

Yes, the famously "Nordic" yamnaya, genetically closest to Darginians and Tajiks.

[@platinumare]

I am starting to believe that all dna began in India. The more I read and understand of Hinduism, the more I truly believe we get everything from beautiful India. Much love to you all.

[@AbhishekTiwari1111]

Yes, its Sanatan Dharma and the adherents are called as Aryas (Aryans in english). 'Arya' is a Sanskrit word which means 'obeyer of God' and whoever is obedient to God will also be noble. Today people know only the term 'noble' as it's meaning and have forgotten the original meaning of the word 'Arya'. If you want to understand Sanatan Dharma then read the books of Arya Samaj Institute. This institute was established in 1875 by Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati to bring people on the path of Vedas.

[@swissbliss24]

The government of India now is admitting the Aryans who brought Hinduism and the Vedic texts to India came from Northern Europe in Russia near Finland. Yes, a lot of those ways have been preserved in India. But per their own government of India and modern evidence, the Aryans and all the Vedic texts started outside of India and came into India. India or Indians were not the source of this, but they are intertwined with the legacy of the Aryans and their history and some Indians genetically are like cousins to Europeans. But yes, I agree it's a lot of interesting stuff. And the civilization is so rich in India so it comes as no doubt that it would seem like India was the origin of it all, but per the latest evidence and the government of India right now, the Aryans/Hinduism/Vedic texts etc did not originate in India or with the Indian people. It was brought outside of India to them from a different type of people. But that people's genetic signature does live on in a lot of Indians today with Haplogroup R, and there are definitely a lot of people in northwestern India that tend to be more of that lighter nobility class Brahmin type linking back to the Aryans who entered the region and brought civilization to their people.

[@RaviChaudhary-ys2re]

​@@swissbliss24total crap 😂..

[@swissbliss24]

@@RaviChaudhary-ys2re It's not, but ok.

[@blllllllllllllllllllrlrlrl7059]

Stop lying indian bot

[@turkkahvesi07]

Hypothesis, hypothesis, hypothesis, The West sells daydreams and the East buys them as reality.

[@Adil_Turysbek_TVRC]

That is how science works.

[@turkkahvesi07]

@@Adil_Turysbek_TVRC Sure, it is but fabricated science

[@WithinandThroughout]

Let’s talk about the Khazarians. Oye Vey!

[@occidelindaest]

A German septic lecturing about human history. Seem suss..

[@cmd7930]

He is Jewish

[@gracejam3889]

I wouldn’t trust a chosen one🤷🏻‍♀️

[@arbenkurhaski3193]

No yamnaya , it distraction Russian effort to fslsificste. It Albanians !!! Shqiptar, ilir protoilir , corded ware, battle axe, kurgan all the same

[@stephfoxwell4620]

Horse Nomads? Don't be so ridiculous.

[@StevenHughes-hr5hp]

It happens. Both the Aztec and the Inca civilizations fell to barbarians on horseback.

[@ashleysilver5594]

How does he figure they built Stonehenge 6000 years ago? It's this kind of lies that history is full of.

[@mahavakyas002]

Yamnaya were Indians. this shmear is beating around the bush.

[@AniketanPelletier]

Ethnonarcissist. Pathetic. They were not.

[@christiano9693]

U guys are the most crazy batshit copium nationalists of the face of the earth. What level of inferiority complex produce this level of bullshit?

[@CoochSmooch]

No they weren't. They weren't Europeans either though. They were Central Asians. Indians are a mix of Dravidian and Yamnaya descendants (IndoAryans) India was the only region which didn't lose its historical languages however. Meaning the IndoAryans couldn't completely beat the native Dravidians and rather had to coexist with them

[@Yasa5na]

​@@AniketanPelletierThey were😂

[@thorkushari4027]

​@@CoochSmoochEurope still has Basque, Finnish and some other non IE languages in use.

[@TonyfromTO]

I'm Y-haplogroup R1b s28 u152. Guess what the R stands for 😉